DNA and RNA Structure, Replication, and Transcription PDF
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This document covers the fundamental principles of DNA and RNA, including their structures, the processes of replication, transcription, and translation, and the central dogma of molecular biology. The document includes diagrams and illustrations supporting the text.
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and RINA - I - I dd A N D and RINA - I - I D N A dd A N D R N A S T R U C T U R E S T R U DNA RNA & OBJECTIVES: 2...
and RINA - I - I dd A N D and RINA - I - I D N A dd A N D R N A S T R U C T U R E S T R U DNA RNA & OBJECTIVES: 2 (double) 1 (single) nucleus & nucleus cytoplasm deoxyribose ribose A-T A-U C-G C-G WHAT IS DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) ? Functions of the DNA STRUCTURE OF THE DNA Phosphate Nitrogenous 5-Carbon Base Sugar (Deoxyribose) N-base Pairing of DNA Adenine Thymine Cytosine Guanine Complete the DNA strand TAC CCG ATA ATC ATG || | | | | | | | ||| ||| ATG GGC TAT TAG TAC WHAT IS RNA (Ribonucleic acid) ? TYPES OF RNA Messenger RNA (mRNA) Transfer RNA (tRNA) Ribosomal RNA brings information from the DNA (rRNA) and ribosomal in the nucleus to the protein supplies amino acids manufacturing area, the to the ribosome to be proteins hold tightly into the cytoplasm. In the cytoplasm, the mRNA using its information assembled as protein. to assemble the amino mRNA becomes the template of information to make proteins. acids in correct order. N-base Pairing of RNA Adenine Uracil Cytosine Guanine Complete the RNA strand What must be the mRNA given the DNA strand below? TAC AGC GGC ACT AUG UCG CCG UGA CENTRAL DOGMA How Cells Read the Genome: From DNA to RNA TO Protein CENTRAL DOGMA The central dogma of molecular biology explains that DNA codes for RNA, which codes for proteins. Replication DNA RNA PROTEIN Transcription Translation Replication: A double-stranded nucleic acid is duplicated in order to create identical copies. This process preserves gene information. C G PARENT DNA T A G C A T G C C G C G T A G C A T G C C G Left Strand Old Right Strand Old C G T A G C A T G C C G Left Strand Old Right Strand Old C C G G T T A A G G C C A A T T G G C C C C G G Left Strand Right Strand Left Strand Right Strand Old New New Old Replication DNA RNA PROTEIN Transcription Translation process in which cells make proteins. It occurs in two stages: transcription and translation TRANSCRIPTION PROCESS Cytoplasm DNA Transcription RNA RNA Processing mRNA G AAAAAA G AAAAAA Export Nucleus C G PARENT DNA T A G C A T G C C G C G T A G C A T G C C G Left Strand Old Right Strand Old C G T A G C A T G C C G C G G T A A G C C A T U G C C C G G Left Strand Old Messenger RNA Right Strand Old TRANSLATION TRANSLATION G A C C G C G A U G A aa1 1-tRNA U A C C U G U G G G G A A A C C C aa1 aa2 1-tRNA 2-tRNA U A C U A C G C U U G C U G G G G A A A C C C aa1 aa2 2-tRNA U A C G U C U G G G G A A A C C C aa1 aa2 aa3 2-tRNA 3-tRNA U A C U A C U G C A U C U G G G G A A A C C C aa1 aa2 aa3 3-tRNA Protein U A C A U C U G G G G A A A C C C END PRODUCTS- THE PROTEIN! aa1 aa2 aa3
