Mother Goose Special School System, Inc. Digestive System PDF

Mother Goose Special School System, Inc. Objectives: ✓ Identify the main parts and functions of the digestive system; and ✓ Practice and maintain proper ways of protecting your digestive system. Procedures: Discussion...

Mother Goose Special School System, Inc. Objectives: ✓ Identify the main parts and functions of the digestive system; and ✓ Practice and maintain proper ways of protecting your digestive system. Procedures: Discussion of the Lesson Answering activities online and offline. Reference Card Digestive System The digestive system consists of the parts of the body that work together to turn food and liquids into the building blocks and fuel that the body needs. MGSSSI : School Year 2024-2025  Mother Goose Special School System, Inc. Digestion- process of breaking up and dissolving of food in the digestive tract. Absorption – refers to the process that allows small nutrients to enter the bloodstream. This occurs in the small intestine. Alimentary Canal or Food tube 1.Mouth The digestive process starts in your mouth when you chew. Chewing begins the process of mechanical digestion- process of digestion where food is broken up by being bitten and chewed. As we chew our food, digestive enzymes begin to break food molecules down into smaller molecules. This process is called chemical digestion. *Bolus – chewed food in the mouth. *Enzyme -chemical substance that makes the chemical digestion faster. 2. Esophagus The esophagus is a long, narrow tube that carries food from the back of your mouth to the stomach. *Peristalsis – involuntary muscle contractions that move food along the digestive tract. 3. Stomach An elastic sac that forms the widest part of the digestive tract. This J- shaped muscular bag churns, digests, and stores food. *Chyme – soupy mixture of broken-down food and gastric juices that is formed in the stomach. 4. Small intestine This is the major site of digestion and absorption of nutrients. MGSSSI : School Year 2024-2025  Mother Goose Special School System, Inc. *Villi - small finger-like projections located in the walls of the small intestine that help absorb the digested nutrients for distribution to different parts of the body. 5. Large intestine The job of your large intestine is to absorb water, minerals, and some of the remaining nutrients from your food. It will change the leftover waste into a bowel movement. This is also called stool or feces. 6. Rectum Final section of the large intestine, it is about 12 cm long. Feces pass into the rectum and are eliminated from the body to the anus. 7. Anus Below the rectum lies the anal. It is about 4cm long and lined with vertical ridges called anal column. The digestive tract ends at this body opening. MGSSSI : School Year 2024-2025  Mother Goose Special School System, Inc. 1. Salivary gland- produces saliva that moistens the mouth and contains digestive substances. 3 Kinds of Salivary glands a. Parotid glands The two parotid glands are located within each of our cheeks. Parotid glands are the largest type of salivary gland. b. Submaxillary glands- a salivary gland inside the lower jaw on either side that produces most of the nocturnal saliva; discharges saliva into the mouth under the tongue. c. Sublingual glands- are found below the tongue and the smallest of the 3 paired salivary glands. *Ptyalin – enzymes in the saliva that changes starch into sugar. 2. Pancreas- secretes pancreatic juice into the small intestine. 3. Liver – largest gland in the body -secretes bile (Bile helps with digestion. It breaks down fats into fatty acids, which can be taken into the body by the digestive tract.) *Gallbladder – the sac beneath the right lobe of the liver used for bile storage.  Mother Goose Special School System, Inc. Common Diseases/Disorders: 1. Diarrhea – frequent watery discharge. 2. Intestinal worms/parasites – can cause stomachache and snatch away nutrients that enter your intestine. 3. Indigestion – another name for an upset stomach. It is also called dyspepsia. 4. Constipation – difficult excretion due to hard stool. 5. Appendicitis – an inflammation of the appendix. 6. Ulcer - a sore on the lining of your stomach, small intestine or esophagus. 7. Gallstones - hardened deposits of bile that can form in your gallbladder. MGSSSI : School Year 2020-2021 Mother Goose Special School System, Inc. MGSSSI : School Year 2020-2021