Nervous System and Homeostasis PDF

The Nervous System and Homeostasis 1.Homeostasis ⚬ The body’s ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions. ⚬ Examples: Body temperature, blood glucose levels, blood pressure. FEEDBACK MECHANISMS Negative Feedback: Counteracts cha...

The Nervous System and Homeostasis 1.Homeostasis ⚬ The body’s ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions. ⚬ Examples: Body temperature, blood glucose levels, blood pressure. FEEDBACK MECHANISMS Negative Feedback: Counteracts changes to return the body to its normal state. Example: Body temperature regulation Positive Feedback: Amplifies changes to achieve a specific outcome. Example: Blood clotting during injury What is the organ of the body responsible for all the functions of body system?  BRAIN Your brain is basically the supercomputer chilling in your noggin! It's the mastermind behind your genius ideas, mastering your ABCs and recalling all your epic adventures. But wait, there's more! Your brain pulls double duty by bossing around your body - from strutting your stuff to spreading the love with a bear hug. Without this brainiac, you'd be as lost as a sock in the laundry. What are the parts of the Nervous System?  It is the control center of the body and processes information. Brain: Controls thoughts, memory, emotions, motor skills, and sensory processing. Spinal Cord: Transmits signals between the brain and the rest of the body and manages reflexes  Cerebrum (controls voluntary actions, sensory processing, learning, and memory) Cerebellum (coordinates balance and movement) Brainstem (regulates involuntary functions like breathing and heart rate)  It connects the CNS to the rest of the body Somatic Nervous System (SNS): Controls voluntary muscle movements and sensory input. Autonomic Nervous System (ANS): Manages involuntary functions like heartbeat, digestion, and breathing.  Sympathetic Nervous System: Activates the "fight or flight" response during stress. Parasympathetic Nervous System: Promotes the "rest and digest" state during relaxation.  Sensory Input: Detects changes in the environment (stimuli) via sensory receptors. Processing Center: Brain and spinal cord interpret and process information. Motor Output: Sends signals to effectors (muscles or glands) to correct imbalances.  How does the Nervous System maintains Homeostasis? Body Temperature Regulation ⚬ Stimulus: Increase or decrease in body temperature. ⚬ Sensor: Skin and hypothalamus detect the change. ⚬ Control Center: Hypothalamus processes the signal. ⚬ Effector: Sweat glands, blood vessels, and muscles restore normal temperature.  Blood Glucose Regulation ⚬ Stimulus: High or low blood glucose levels. ⚬ Sensor & Control Center: Pancreas (works with the nervous system). ⚬ Effector: Liver and muscle cells store or release glucose. Blood Pressure Regulation ⚬ Stimulus: Changes in blood pressure. ⚬ Sensor: Baroreceptors in blood vessels. ⚬ Control Center: Medulla oblongata. ⚬ Effector: Heart rate and blood vessel diameter adjust.  Why does Homeostasis matters?  Importance The nervous system ensures survival by responding rapidly to internal and external changes. Understanding this coordination helps us appreciate the body’s complexity and efficiency.  QUICK ACTIVITY  Scenario Discussion: What happens to your body when you step outside on a cold day? Identify the stimulus, sensor, control center, and effector involved. The Nervous System and Homeostasis