Minerals and Rocks - PDF

post-activity groups properties minerals pre-activity objectives MINERALS AND ROCKS post-activity pre-activity properties objectives demonstrate understanding about minerals...

post-activity groups properties minerals pre-activity objectives MINERALS AND ROCKS post-activity pre-activity properties objectives demonstrate understanding about minerals identify and describe the three basic groups physical and chemical properties of rock types minerals establish relationships between rock to identify certain minerals using types and their mode of origin and specific tests environments of deposition/formation understand the different geologic identify some common rock-forming processes involved in rock formation minerals understand the importance of the classify minerals based on chemical different minerals to the society; and affinity understand the different ways on how the mineral deposits are formed  Pre-Activity Solve the puzzle using the clues provided post-activity pre-activity properties minerals groups about ACROSS DOWN Solid materials made of minerals that form Elements that lack metallic properties, the Earth’s crust. often brittle or insulating. Naturally occurring substances with a Small particles of rocks and mineral definite chemical composition. broken down by weathering Naturally occurring materials from which Accumulations of valuable minerals or valuable minerals or metals can be extracted. ores in the Earth’s crust. Rock changes by heat, pressure, or Elements that are typically shiny, chemical processes. malleable, and good conductors of electricity. Rock formed from cooled and solidified magma or lava.  Minerals are 1 2 post-activity pre-activity properties minerals building blocks of rocks. Naturally Made out of inorganic groups about Characteristics of minerals are: occurring substances 3 4 5 Crystalline solid Definite chemical Ordered internal composition pattern  post-activity groups properties defining minerals? What are the characteristics of minerals pre-activity about  Physical Properties of Minerals These physical properties are useful for identifying minerals using a systematic method. Determine how easily minerals break or deform the when exposed to stress. post-activity pre-activity properties III. SPECIFIC minerals groups about I. OPTICAL GRAVITY A hand pointing at something A hand pointing at something A hand pointing at something Description automatically generated Description automatically generated Description automatically generated II. STRENGTH Refer to their behavior in the presence of light and how they interact with light when Is a measure of the density of a mineral. observed using various optical techniques. post-activity pre-activity properties minerals groups about Crystal Form or Habit The typical outward appearance of a mineral’s crystal form.  Crystal Form or Habit MASSIVE ACICULAR TABULAR post-activity pre-activity properties minerals groups about DRUSY GRANULAR DENDETRIC  Crystal Form or Habit Banded Bladed Botryoidal post-activity pre-activity properties minerals groups about Columnar Cubic  Crystal Form or Habit Dodecahedral Fibrous Foliated post-activity pre-activity properties minerals groups about Geodic Hopper  Crystal Form or Habit Nodular Octahedral Oolitic post-activity pre-activity properties minerals groups about Pisolitic Prismatic  Crystal Form or Habit Radiating Rosette post-activity pre-activity properties minerals groups about Striated Stalactitic  post-activity groups pertain to? What does crystal habit properties minerals pre-activity about  Silicates Huge family of minerals which all contain some variant of SiO2 Sulfates Oxides Composed of elements with the sulfate Minerals containing O-2 compound SO4. post-activity anions. pre-activity properties minerals groups about Halides Sulfides Minerals containing halogen elements Compounds of sulfur and one or more (Fl1-, Cl1-, Br1-, and I1-) combined element. with one or more elements. Carbonates Native Elements Minerals containing the CO3. Minerals naturally composed of only anion. one element. A hand pointing at something Description automatically generated  post-activity on the planet? What is the most abundant mineral groups properties minerals pre-activity about  mineral? Is glass a post-activity groups properties minerals pre-activity about  post-activity pre-activity properties Are sands minerals groups about minerals? A blue button with black text Description automatically generated  GO BAC A hand cursor on a pink circle Description automatically generated TO K https://opentextbc.ca/geology/chapter/1-4-minerals-and-rocks/ https://image1.slideserve.com/2141647/slide32-l.jpg I. OPTICAL PROPERTIES 01 LUSTER Property of a mineral to reflect the light; describe how brilliant or dull it is. LUSTER TYPES EXAMPLES Adamantine Earthly/dull Greasy Metallic Pearly LUSTER TYPES EXAMPLES Resinous Silky Sub-metallic Vitreous Waxy I. OPTICAL PROPERTIES 02 PENETRABILITY Optical property of minerals to allow light to pass through. Transparent, Translucent, Opaque. I. OPTICAL PROPERTIES 03 COLOR An optical perception described through certain color categories, considered to be unreliable due to impurities affecting the color. Example Quartz Amethyst I. OPTICAL PROPERTIES 04 STREAK The color of mineral in its powdered form. It can be obtained by rubbing the mineral on an abrasive ceramic tile called streak plate. A pink arrow with black text Description automatically generated  II. MINERAL STRENGTH 01 MINERAL STRENGTH Determine how easily minerals break or deform the when exposed to stress.  II. MINERAL STRENGTH 02 TENACITY or Toughness Refers to the minerals resistance to breaking or deforming  II. MINERAL STRENGTH 03 HARDNESS Or strength Is the measure of a mineral’s resistance to abrasions or scratches.  Friedrich Mohs A German mineralogist, developed the scale in 1812.  II. MINERAL STRENGTH 04 CLEAVAGE Is the tendency of minerals to break along the planes of weakness. When a mineral break along a flat, smooth surface KINDS OF MINERAL CLEAVAGE HABIT TYPE Eminent Difficult 01 Minerals cleaves readily and 04 Minerals surface contains very easily inconsistencies after cleavage, may tend to fracture than to cleave. Perfect 02 Minerals cleaves is smooth and 05 Indistinct mirror like Minerals surface is present but is barely noticeable Distinct 03 Minerals cleaves smooth with minor 06 None inconsistencies - no cleavage available Exp. (visible cracks, rough edges, and/ or exterior) CLEAVAGE HABITATS Habital types CLEAVAGE HABITATS Basal/Pinacoidal Octahedral 01 - cleaves at base, one direction 04 - cleaves as octahedrons, four directions Cubic Prismatic 02 - cleaves as cubes, three 05 - cleaves to form prisms, two directions at right angles directions Dodecahedral Rhombohedral 03 - cleaves as dodecahedral, six 06 - cleaves into rhombohedrons, three directions directions not at a right angles  BASAL A pink arrow with black text Description automatically generated https://www3.nd.edu/~cneal/PlanetEarth/Lab-Mineral-ID/Fig1.7CleavageBiotite.jpg A pink arrow with black text Description automatically generated CUBIC https://www3.nd.edu/~cneal/planetearth/Lab-Mineral-ID/Fig1.6Cleavage.jpg  A pink arrow with black text Description automatically generated DODECAHEDRAL https://www3.nd.edu/~cneal/planetearth/Lab-Mineral-ID/Fig1.13-6cleavages.jpg  A pink arrow with black text Description automatically generated https://www3.nd.edu/~cneal/PlanetEarth/Lab-Mineral-ID/Fig1.12-4cleavages.jpg OCTAHEDRAL PRISMATIC A pink arrow with black text Description automatically generated https://www3.nd.edu/~cneal/PlanetEarth/Lab-Mineral-ID/Fig1.10-2cleavges.jpg  RHOMBOHEDRAL https://www3.nd.edu/~cneal/PlanetEarth/Lab-Mineral-ID/Fig1.11-3cleavages.jpg  II. MINERAL STRENGTH 05 FRACTURE When a mineral breaks along an irregular surface Fracture is the characteristic way a mineral breaks. The difference between cleavage and fracture is that cleavage is the break of a crystal face where a new crystal face is formed where the mineral broke, whereas fracture is the "chipping" of a mineral.. FRACTURE HABITS FR CONCHOIDAL AC shelly, TURE HA semicircular shell with a smooth, curved surface. Broken glass. BIT S FR UNEVEN AC TURE HA rough or irregular surface BIT S FR HACKLY AC TURE HAB jagged fracture; broken metal, has rough and jagged points true metals IT S FR SPLINTERY AC TURE HAB elongated splinters fibrous minerals IT S FR EARTHY AC TURE HA crumbly fracture BIT S FR SMOOTH AC TURE HA even fractures smooth surface reminiscent of perfect cleavage BIT S FR SUBCONCHOIDAL AC TURE HAB smooth yet irregular rounded corners IT S A blue button with black text Description automatically generated  III. SPECIFIC GRAVITY is a measure of the density of a mineral. is defined as the weight of mineral compared to the weight of an equal volume of water. A grey and black rectangle with black text Description automatically generated  alite H liv O in e  g n e t it e M a  nhy A drit e Ca l c e i t  GOLD PYRITE SILVER A grey and black rectangle with black text Description automatically generated