Biology Practice Questions PDF

Okay, please find below the conversion of the attached document to a structured markdown format. ### BIOLOGY 1. The structure which constitutes the basic structural and functional unit of living beings is: * (a) Atoms * **(b) Cell** * (c) Molecule * (d) None of the above 2...

Okay, please find below the conversion of the attached document to a structured markdown format. ### BIOLOGY 1. The structure which constitutes the basic structural and functional unit of living beings is: * (a) Atoms * **(b) Cell** * (c) Molecule * (d) None of the above 2. Chloroplast is an: * (a) organelle * **(b) Cell** * (c) tissue * (d) organ 3. The scientist who stated that plants and animal's body is consisted of cells was: * (a) Leeuwenhoek * (b) Robert Brown * (c) Dutrochet * **(d) None of the above** 4. Cell theory was proposed by: * (a) Einstein * **(b) J. Schwann & R. Schleiden** * (c) Robert Hooke * (d) All the above 5. Largest cell in the human body is: * (a) Nerve cell * (b) Liver cell * (c) Epithelial cell * **(d) None of the above** 6. Cell of Amoeba is: * (a) Spindle shaped * (b) Broad shaped * (c) Spherical in shape * **(d) Indefinite in shape** 7. The factor which influences unicellular organisms to keep spherical shape is: * **(a) Surface tension** * (b) Osmosis * (c) Viscosity * (d) Protoplasm 8. Which unicellular organism of the following does not possess the organised nucleus? * **(a) Bacteria** * (b) Amoeba * (c) Chlamydomonas * (d) None of the above 9. Cells of multicellular organism are usually: * (a) Triangular * (b) Rectangular * (c) Polyhedral * **(d) None of the above** 10. The difference between protoplasm and cell sap was given by: * (a) Huxley * (b) Purkinje * (c) Hugo Von Mohl * **(d) None of these** 11. Nucleolus mainly contain: * **(a) RNA** * (b) DNA * (c) ADP * (d) ATP 12. Which is substitution of mitochondria in E.coli? * **(a) Mesomes** * (b) Golgi body * (c) Ribosome * (d) Glyoxysomes 13. Middle lamella is mainly made up of: * (a) Chlorophyll * (b) Na, H₂ and P compounds * (c) NaCl * **(d) Calcium pectate compounds** 14. Cell membrane surrounds the: * (a) Nucleoplasm * (b) Cell wall * **(c) Protoplasm** * (d) None of the above 15. Which is present in a bacterial cell? * (a) Nucleoid * (b) Prochromosome * **(c) Genophore** * (d) All above 16. In plants, respiration occurs in: * (a) growing tissues * **(b) all living cells** * (c) cell wall * (d) xylem and phloem 17. The longest cell in the plant kingdom is: * (a) sieve tube * (b) vessel * **(c) sclerenchyma fibre** * (d) tracheid 18. Plastids are present only in: * (a) Animal cells * (b) Animals * **(c) Plant cells** * (d) None of the above 19. Centrosome is found only in: * (a) Animal cells * (b) Plant cells * **(c) Both (a) and (b)** * (d) None of the above 20. The living matter of an organism is: * (a) Nucleus * **(b) Protoplasm** * (c) Cell * (d) Nucleoplasm 21. Amoeba consists of: * (a) Many cells * **(b) One cell** * (c) Two cells * (d) Four cells 22. The power house of a cell is: * (a) Golgi complex * (b) Ribosomes * **(c) Mitochondria** * (d) None of the above 23. The organelle of a cell concerned with digestion is: * (a) Golgi Complex * (b) Mitochondria * (c) Ribosomes * **(d) Lysosomes** 24. The organelle associated with protein synthesis in a cell is: * (a) Mitochondria * (b) Lysosomes * **(c) Ribosomes** * (d) Chromosomes 25. Biological oxidation of enzymes occur in: * (a) Golgi complex * **(b) Ribosomes** * (c) Mitochondria * (d) None of the above 26. Golgi bodies are the sites of a cellular: * (a) respiration * (b) digestion * **(c) secretion** * (d) diamorphism 27. The plasma membrane of animal cells is elastic due to the presence of: * **(a) lipids** * (b) carbohydrates * (c) proteins * (d) water 28. The group of cells having similar origin, structure and function are called: * (a) Organ * **(b) Tissues** * (c) Cell membrane * (d) None of the above 29. The meristematic tissue is found in: * **(a) growing regions** * (b) vascular bundles * (c) leaves * (d) None of the above 30. Vascular layers of plant body shows: * **(a) Protective tissue** * (b) Epithelia tissue * (c) Meristematic tissue * (d) None of the above 31. Which tissue is found in pith and cortex of stem and roots? * (a) Sclerenchyma * **(b) Parenchyma** * (c) Collenchyma * (d) None of the above 32. In higher animals, the skin is made up of: * **(a) Epithelial tissue** * (b) Connective tissue * (c) Nerve tissue * (d) None of the above 33. Blood is a: * **(a) Connective tissue** * (b) Muscular tissue * (c) Epithelial tissue * (d) None of the above 34. Connective tissues are present in: * (a) Spinal cord * (b) Nerves * **(c) Bones and cartilage** * (d) None of the above 35. Which of the following is cell wall protein? * (a) HRGP * (b) PRP * (c) GRP * **(d) All the above** 36. Which of the following have cartilaginous skeleton? * (a) Man * (b) Deer * **(c) Shark** * (d) None of the above 37. Bacteria is an example of: * (a) Eukaryotic cell * **(b) Prokaryotic cell** * (c) Connective tissue * (d) Muscular tissue 38. Which of the following cellular organelles extracts energy from carbohydrates and form ATP molecules? * **(a) Mitochondria** * (b) Chloroplast * (c) Ribosomes * (d) Nucleus 39. The outermost part of a plant cell is: * (a) Plasma membrane * **(b) Cell wall** * (c) Epidermis * (d) Cuticle 40. True nucleus is absent in: * **(a) Bacteria** * (b) Algae * (c) Fungi * (d) None of the above 41. Centre of autonomic nervous system is located in: * **(a) hypothalamus** * (b) medulla oblongata * (c) cerebellum * (d) Both (a) and (b) 42. Central nervous system is consists of: * (a) Brain * (b) Spinal cord * (c) Nerves and ganglia * **(d) Both (a) and (b)** 43. The centre for the control of all activities of an animal is: * (a) Heart * **(b) Brain** * (c) Liver * (d) Stomach 44. Diencephalon has centres for the control of: * (a) Metabolism of fats and carbohydrates * (b) Regulation of genital function * (c) Sleep * **(d) All the above** 45. When the person is alert, with open eyes and actively trying to solve some complex problem, the EEG shows-waves: * (a) alpha * **(b) beta** * (c) delta * (d) gamma 46. The system which consists of nerves arising from the brain the spinal cord is called: * **(a) Peripheral nervous system** * (b) Central nervous system * (c) Autonomous nervous system * (d) None of the above 47. The number of cranial nerves in a frog are: * (a) 10 pairs * **(b) 15 pairs** * (c) 12 pairs * (d) 4 pairs 48. In frog the auditory nerve arises from: * (a) Medulla * **(b) Pharynx** * (c) Internal ear * (d) Tongue 49. Which one of the following is a motor nerve? * **(a) Facial** * (b) Abducens * (c) Vagus * (d) Olfactory 50. Which of the following cranial nerve of man is both sensory and motor? * (a) Optic * (b) Auditory * (c) Olfactory * **(d) Trigeminal** 51. Which structure helps a person to maintain his equilibrium? * (a) Cochlea * (b) Hammer * **(c) Semicircular canals** * (d) None of these 52. Receptors for hearing and balance are called: * (a) Photoreceptors * (b) Tangoreceptors * **(c) Statoacoustic receptors** * (d) Olfactoreceptors 53. Sclerotic, choroid and retina are the layers of: * (a) Intestine * **(b) Eyeball** * (c) Stomach * (d) Oesophagus 54. Which of the following have solid optic lobes? * (a) Frog * (b) Snake * **(c) Man** * (d) Bird 55. Deficiency of vitamin A in the body results in insufficient rhodopsin in the rods which leads to: * (a) colour blindness * (b) total blindness * **(c) night blindness** * (d) myopia 56. Human temperature is set at: * (a) 47.5°C * **(b) 37°C** * (c) 37°F * (d) 98.4°C 57. The sensory ganglion concerned with spinal reflex is located in: * **(a) Dorsal root of spinal nerve** * (b) Ventral root of spinal nerve * (c) Both (a) and (b) * (d) None of the above 58. Jacobson's organs are concerned with smell in amphibians: * (a) taste * **(b) smell** * (c) touch * (d) taste and vision 59. Constriction of the pupil is function of: * **(a) Parasympathetic system** * (b) Hypothalamus * (c) Thalamus * (d) None of the above 60. Brain is produced by: * (a) mesoderm * (b) ectoderm * **(c) endoderm** * (d) both mesoderm and ectoderm 61. Which among the following nerves carry the impulse to the spinal cord? * (a) Reflex Action * (b) Central Nerves * (c) Motor * **(d) Sensory nerves** 62. The stimulus of the plant due to certain chemicals is called: * (a) Phototropism * **(b) Chemotropism** * (c) Geotropism * (d) Arthrotopism 63. Memory is related to: * (a) Cerebellum * **(b) Cerebrum** * (c) Medulla * (d) Olfactory lobes 64. Plant hormones are: * (a) Physical substances * **(b) Chemical substances** * (c) Photo Chemical substances * (d) Both (a) and (b) 65. Central nervous system consists of: * **(a) Brain and spinal cord** * (b) Brain and visceral nerves * (c) Cranial and sympathetic nervous system * (d) Spinal and visceral nerves 66. The function of control and coordination performed in plants by: * **(a) Plant hormones** * (b) Photosynthesis * (c) Respiration * (d) Osmosis 67. Which of the following is the bony cover box in the skull that protects the brain? * (a) Outer Brain * (b) Mid brain * **(c) Cranium** * (d) Fore brain 68. Reflex actions in man are controlled by: * (a) Brain * **(b) Spinal cord** * (c) Sense glands * (d) Hormones 69. What is the other name of the endocrine glands? * (a) Ducting gland * (b) Normal * **(c) Ductless gland** * (d) Oesophagus 70. Which of the following is the regulating centre for swallowing, coughing, sneezing and vomiting? * (a) Cerebellum * **(b) Medulla oblongata** * (c) Pons * (d) Spinal cord 71. Which of the following is a gaseous hormone: * (a) Gibberellin * **(b) Ethylene** * (c) Cytokinin * (d) Auxin 72. Name the instrument which can record electrical activity of brain: * (a) X-ray * (b) ECG * **(c) EEG** * (d) Ultrasound 73. The endocrine gland situated on the top of the either side of kidney is: * (a) Thymus gland * (b) Pituitary gland * **(c) Adrenal gland** * (d) Parathyroid gland 74. Insulin and glucagon hormone is secreted by: * (a) Pituitary gland * (b) Adrenal gland * **(c) Pancreas** * (d) Thyroid gland 75. Calcitrin is secreted from: * (a) Thyroid gland * **(b) Adrenal gland** * (c) Parathyroid gland * (d) Pituitary gland 76. Nervous tissue is made up of: * **(a) Neurons** * (b) Nerve fibres * (c) Neuroglia * (d) All the above 77. A nerve is composed of: * (a) Muscular tissue * **(b) Nerve fibre bundles** * (c) Bundle sheaths * (d) None of the above 78. The secretion of adrenal glands is called: * (a) Aldrin * **(b) Adrenalin** * (c) Sympathin * (d) None of these 79. Temperature control centre is located in the: * (a) Hypophysis * **(b) Hypothalamus** * (c) Diencephalon * (d) None of these 80. Number of spinal nerves in rabbit are: * (a) 32 pairs * (b) 23 pairs * (c) 73 pairs * **(d) 37 pairs** 81. Semon consists of an enzyme: * (a) seminase * **(b) hyaluronidase** * (c) vasciulase * (d) ligase 82. Vernalization is related to: * **(a) Plant growth** * (b) Flowers * (c) Stems * (d) Leaves 83. Auxin promotes: * (a) Growth of stems * **(b) Elongation and growth of stems and roots** * (c) Enlargement of fruits * **(d) Both (a) and (c)** 84. Which of the following promotes cell division in vascular cambium? * (a) Gibberellin * **(b) Cytokinin** * (c) Auxin * (d) None of the above 85. Which of the following can retard the ageing of plant organs? * (a) Auxin * (b) Ethylene * **(c) Cytokinin** * (d) None of the above 86. Which of the following growth hormone is act as a stress hormone? * (a) IAA * (b) 2, 4 D * **(c) ABA** * (d) None of the above 87. Which of the following is capable of delaying yellowish of leaves? * (a) Gibberelic acid * (b) IAA * (c) ABA * **(d) Cytokinins** 88. Phytochrome is found in: * (a) Fungi * (b) Algae * (c) Pteridophytes * **(d) Angiosperms** 89. Corpus luteum is developed from: * (a) left over oocyte * (b) nephrostome * **(c) left over Graafian follicle after release of ovum** * (d) None of these 90. The development of embryo inside an egg is called: * (a) Vivipery * (b) Carnivorous * **(c) Omnivorous** * (d) Ovipery 91. The type of fertilization occur in frog is: * (a) Internal * **(b) External** * (c) Both (a) and (b) * (d) None of the above 92. The only haploid stage in an animal life cycle is the: * (a) Zoospores * (b) Spores * **(c) Gametes** * (d) None of the above 93. The common method of reproduction in yeast is: * (a) Fission * (b) Binary fission * **(c) Budding** * (d) Sexual reproduction 94. Oblique ovary is found in: * (a) Solanaceae * (b) Palmaceae * (c) Poaceae * **(d) Liliaceae** 95. Most of the plant's auxin is produced in its: * (a) Root tips * (b) Buds * (c) Leaves * **(d) Shot apex** 96. A fruit developed from the wall of the: * (a) Style * (b) Androecium * **(c) Ovary** * (d) None of these 97. The rate of cleavage in a zygote depends upon: * (a) amount of yolk * (b) amount of cytoplasm * (c) size of nucleus * **(d) All the above** 98. The meiotic process by which homologous are paired during prophase I is called: * (a) Chasma * (b) Crossing over * (c) Duplication * **(d) Synapsis** 99. Growth is maximum in the zone of: * (a) Tracheds * (b) Sieve tubes * **(c) Cell elongation** * (d) Companion cells 100. At what stage does cytokinesis begin? * (a) Anaphase * (b) Prophase * (c) Telephase * **(d) None of the above** 101. The fertilizations takes place in mammals in: * Water * (b) Ovary * **(c) Uterus** * (d) Fallopian tube 102. The sexual reproduction in protozoa is caused by: * Binary fission * **(b) Conjugation** * (c) Fregmentation * (d) None of the above 103. The hormones playing important role in growth of man are: * (a) thymosin and thyroxine * (b) testosterone and glucagon * (c) aldesterone and calcitonin * **(d) All the above** 104. Two successive cell division occurs in the process of: * (a) Amitosis * **(b) Meiosis** * (c) Mitosis * (d) Somatic cell division 105. Sexual reproduction through gametic fusion is absent in: * (a) Angiosperms * **(b) Eukaryotes** * (c) Prokaryotes * (d) Gymnosperms 106. The sexual phase in its life history is not determined in: * (a) Rihzopus * (b) Opedogonium * (c) Spirogyra * **(d) Amoeba** 107. In Spirogyra the sexual reproduction takes place by: * (a) Binary fission * (b) Spore formation * **(c) Conjugation** * (d) Aplanospore formation 108. Reparative regeneration is common in: * (a) invertebrates * (b) vertebrates * **(c) Both (a) and (b)** * (d) None of these 109. In mammals the fertilization and entire embryonic development takes place within the: * **(a) Uterus of female** * (b) Uterus of male * (c) Fellopian tube of female * (d) Ovary of female 110. In plants part developing into seeds is: * (a) Ovary * (b) Pollen grain * **(c) Ovules** * (d) None of these 111. Gametes are produced in gonads by the process of: * (a) Mitosis * **(b) Meiosis** * (c) None of these * (d) Both (a) and (b) 112. The attachment of embryo with the uterus is called: * **(a) Implantation** * (b) Parturation * (c) Gestation * (d) None of these 113. Mature ova are released by: * (a) Uterus * **(b) Ovary** * (c) Fallopian tube * (d) Oviduct 114. The male reproductive organs in plants are: * (a) Sepals * **(b) Stamens** * (c) Petals * (d) Carpel 115. Normal menstrual cycle is completed in: * (a) 32 days * (b) 82 days * **(c) 28 days** * (d) 38 days 116. Pollen grains are produced in: * (a) Sepals * (b) Petals * **(c) Anthers** * (d) Carpel 117. Which surgical operation is undertaken in a women for planned family? * (a) Vasectomy * (b) Prostatectomy * **(c) Tubectomy** * (d) None of the above 118. Which part of flower changes into fruit? * (a) Stamen * (b) Pistil * **(c) Ovary** * (d) Seed 119. Premenstrual syndrome is related to: * **(a) Women** * (b) Men * (c) Microorganisms * (d) None of the above 120. Which of the following organisms is reproduced by the mode of budding? * (a) Amoeba * **(b) Fungi** * (c) Plasmodium * (d) Yeast 121. In which animal the fertilization occurs externally? * **(a) Frog** * (b) Woman * (c) Earthworm * (d) None of the above 122. The gestation period of elephant is about: * (a) 15 months * (b) 10 months * **(c) 22 months** * (d) 30 months 123. The female gamete ovum is produced by: * (a) Testis * **(c) Ovary** * (b) Uterus * (d) None of these 124. The head cap of sperm is called: * **(a) Acrosome** * (b) Centrosome * (c) Lysosome * (d) Ribosome 125. The male gamete sperm is produced in: * (a) Ovary * **(b) Testis** * (c) Penis * (d) Uterus 126. Identical twins are born when: * (a) Two ova crosses with two sperms * **(b) One ovum crosses with one sperm** * (c) Two sperms crosses with one ovum * (d) None of the above 127. Sex linked inheritance was discovered by: * (a) Mendel * (b) Johnsen * **(c) Morgan** * (d) Darwin 128. Continuous variation is attributed to: * (a) mutation * **(b) crossing over** * (c) chromosomal aberration * (d) polyploidy 129. A co-ordinated unit which controls the genetic expression is: * (a) cistron * (b) recon * **(c) operon** * (d) muton 130. Animals of similar genetic constitution are called: * (a) Heterozygous * (b) Homozygous * (c) Genotypes * **(d) Phenotypes** 131. Rarely observed phenotype in population is called: * (a) wild type * **(b) mutant type** * (c) variant type * (d) All of these 132. Crossing over generally takes place during: * (a) Amitosis * (b) Mitosis * **(c) Meiosis** * (d) None of the above 133. Haemophilia is: * (a) Enzyme * (b) Disease * **(c) Sex linked disease** * (d) None of the above 134. Polydipsia and Polyuria is related to: * (a) Haemophilia * (b) Colour blindness * **(c) Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus** * (d) None of the above 135. Factors which can induce genetic mutations in organisms are called: * (a) Mutants * **(b) Mutagens** * (c) Muton * (d) None of these 136. William Shockley is related to: * (a) Eugenics * (b) Mutation * **(c) Haemoglobin** * (d) Blood groups 137. The first person who induce mutations by using X-rays was? * (a) Hugo de Vries * **(b) Muller** * (c) Mendel * (d) None of these 138. The chromosome number in plants can be increased by: * (a) Hormone treatment * **(b) Colchicine treatment** * (c) Heat treatment * (d) None of the above 139. Colchicine can induce polyploidy int * (a) Animals only * **(b) Plants only** * (c) Both (a) and (b) * (d) None of these 140. The human chromosomes number i.e., 46 were discovered by: * (a) Mendel * (b) H.J. Mullar * **(c) Tijo and Laren** * (d) Watson and Crick 141. The basis of Klinefelter's syndrome and supermale are the following characteristic of sex chromosomes: * **(a) XXY and XYY** * (b) XO and XXX * (c) XXX and YYY * (d) None of these 142. The basis of Turner's syndrome and super-females are the following characteristic of sex chromosomes: * **(a) XO and XXX** * (b) XXX and XYY * (c) XXXY and XXYY * (d) None of these 143. In Down's syndrome one extra chromosome is added to: * (a) 20th pair * **(b) 21st pair** * (c) 22th pair * (d) None of these 144. Which genes are present on sex chromosomes? * **(a) Sex linked genes** * (b) Autosomal genes * (c) Chromosomes genes * (d) None of these 145. Which among the following are the components of nucleotides? * (a) Sugar, Phosphate and Nucleic acid * (b) Pyrimidine, Purine and Nucleic acid * **(c) Nitrogenous base, Sugar and Phosphate** * (d) None of these 146. Find the two pyrimidines in DNA: * **(a) Cytosine and Thymine** * (b) Cytosine and Gaunine * (c) Adenine and Cytosine * (d) None of these 147. Adenine and Guanine are two: * **(a) Cytosines** * (b) Salts * (c) Nucleotides * (d) Purines 148. For a female human being: * **(a) 44 + XX** * (b) 42 + YY * (c) 44 + XXY * (d) 44 + YY 149. If taster male and female in heterozygous form are crossed the % of male tasters in progeny will be: * (a) 18 * **(b) 45** * (c) 0 * (d) 75 150. According to position of centromere, chromosome are of .. type. * (a) 2 * **(b) 4** * (c) 3 * (d) 5 151. What is called the arrangement of chromosomes? * **(a) Karyotype** * (b) Phenotype * (c) Xerotype * (d) None of these 152.