Development of the Cell Theory PDF

Development of the Cell Theory He was the first to discover and name the cell. Robert Hooke He remarked that it looked strangely similar to cellula or small rooms which monks inhabited,...

Development of the Cell Theory He was the first to discover and name the cell. Robert Hooke He remarked that it looked strangely similar to cellula or small rooms which monks inhabited, thus deriving the name. Hooke's description of these cells was published in Micrographia. 1674 1838 1839 1858 1665 Development of the Cell Theory The first man to witness a live Anton Van cellunder a microscope Leeuwenhoek He developed a microscope with 300x magnification. It was he who discovered bacteria, free living and parasitic microscopic protists, sperm cells, blood cells, microscopic nematodes and rotifers, and mnuch more. 1665 1838 1839 1858 1674 Development of the Cell Theory Matthias Schleiden He concluded that all plants are made up of cells. 1665 1674 1839 1858 1838 Development of the Cell Theory Rudolf Virchow He expounded his famous conclusion: omnis cellulae cellula, that is cells develop only from existing cells [cells come from preexisting cells] 1665 1674 1838 1839 1858  The Cell Theory All The cell is the Allcells arise organisms are most basic oonly from composed of pre-existing unit of life one or more cells cells Modexa Cell Theory 1. Multicellular organisms depend on the total activity of every cell 2. Energy flow occurs within cells 3. Cells contain hereditary information passed on to the next cell 4. All cells in similar species have the same basic composition CellWall Most commonly found in plant cells & bacteria Supports & protects cells Vacuole Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal Contains water solution Help plants maintain shape Chloroplast Usually found in plant cells Contains green chlorophyll Where photosynthesis takes place Cell Membrane It is the boundary that surrounds all cells. It regulates what enters and leaves the cell to ensure that the cell maintains homeostasis. Cell Membrane The cell membrane is a double layer made up of phospholipids (called the phospholipid bilayer). The cell membrane is selectively permeable, meaning only allows it certain molecules to enter and exit. Cytoplasm The cytosol is the gel-like liquid contained within cells. The cytosol and all the - organelles within it except for the nucleus are - collectively referred to as the cell's cytoplasm. Nucleolus It is present in thenucleus of eukaryoticcells.. It participates in assembling the ribosomes, alteration of transfer RNA and sensing cellular stress. composed of It is RNA and proteins  Ribosomes They synthesize all the proteins in. the cell. They form the manufacturing department of the cell. They can be found freely in a cell's cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.  These are specialized vesicles that contain digestive enzymes. These enzymes can break down large molecules like carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins into smaller units so that the cell can reuse them. Lysosomes Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal Cytoskeleton a network of filaments and tubules It is found throughout the cytoplasm of the cell. Itgives the cell shape,provides strength, stabilizes tissues, anchors organelles within the cell, and has a role in cell signaling. It also provides mechanical support allow cells to mnove and divide. Endoplasmic Reticulum It is a network of flattened, membrane bound sacs that are involved in the production, processing, and transport of proteins that have been synthesized by ribosomes. Rough ER It is covered with ribosomes. It is involved in transporting proteins. The proteins are sent away from the ER in vesicles that transport them to the Golgi Apparatus. Prokaryotes primitiveorganisms lacking a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. V The term prokaryote' is derived from the Greek words pro, meaning 'before'and karyon, meaning kernel! Together it means "before nuclei'! Eukaryotes V advanced organisms with a well-defined nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. V The term 'eukaryotes' is derived from the Greek words 'eu; meaning good' and karyon, meaning kernel', meaning true nuclei: V The eukaryotes are thought to have originated from the prokaryotes about 2.7 billion years ago.  VMuscle cells form muscle tissue, which enables all bodily movement. MUSCLE CELL TYPE OF MUSCLE CELLS 3Types of Muscle Cells 1. Skeletal Cardiac muscle 2. Cardiac 3. Smooth Skeletal muscle Smooth muscle  SKELETAL MUSCLES attached to skeleton fatigue more aid in voluntary rapidly than movement other muscles V Skeletal muscle tissue attaches to bones to facilitates voluntary movement. V These muscle cells are covered by connective tissue, which protects and supports muscle fiber bundles.  Cardiac muscle cells form involuntary muscle, or muscle that doesn't require conscious effort to operate, found in the heart. V These cells aid in heart contraction and are joined to one another by intercalated discs that allow for heartbeat synchronization.  Smooth Muscle TisSue V Smooth muscle tissue is not striated like cardiac and skeletal muscle. Smooth muscle is involuntary muscle that lines body cavities and forms the walls of many organs such as kidneys, intestines, blood vessels, and lung airways.  V Fat cells, also called adipocytes, are a major cell component of adipose tissue. V Adipocytes contain droplets of stored fat (triglycerides) that can be used for energy. FAT CELL When fat is stored, its cells become round and swollen. When fat is used, its cells shrink.  V Adipose cells also have a critical endocrine function: they produce hormones that influence sex hormone metabolism, blood pressure FAT CELL regulation, insulin sensitivity, fat storage and use, blood clotting, and cell signaling. Bones are a type of mineralized connective comprise a major tissue that component of the skeletal system. Bones provide support and protection for internal organs, along with calcium storage. BONE CELL