Glycolysis Process PDF

# Glycolisis ## Step 1 Glucose is phosphorylated by ATP to make a glucose 6-phosphate. This changes the shape and traps it in the cell membrane. - $CH_2OH$ + $ATP$ → $CH_2OP$ + $ADP + H^+$ ## Step 2 Isomerization occurs and moves the carbonyl from C1 to C2. This changes the glucose 6-phosphate to...

# Glycolisis ## Step 1 Glucose is phosphorylated by ATP to make a glucose 6-phosphate. This changes the shape and traps it in the cell membrane. - $CH_2OH$ + $ATP$ → $CH_2OP$ + $ADP + H^+$ ## Step 2 Isomerization occurs and moves the carbonyl from C1 to C2. This changes the glucose 6-phosphate to a fructose 6-phosphate. - $CH_2OP$ → $POH_2C$ ## Step 3 The hydroxyl group on C1 is phosphorylated by ATP to produce a fructose 1,6-biphosphate. - $POH_2CCH_2OM$ + $ATP$ → $POH_2CCH_2OP$ + $APP + H^+$ ## Step 4 The fructose 1,6 biphosphate is split into two 3 carbon molecules which are dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate (G3P). - $POH_2CCH_2OP$ → $dihydroxyacetone phosphate + G3P$ ## Step 5 Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate has no enzymes therefore isomerization occurs and changes it to another G3P. - $dihydroxyacetone phosphate$ → $G3P$ ## Step 6 Redox rxns occur. The G3P is oxidized while NAD is reduced using an enzyme called dehydrogenase to produce a 1,3 biphosphoglycerate, NADH & $H^+$. - $G3P + NAD + Pi$ → $1,3 biphosphoglycerate + NADH + H^+$ ## Step 7 Substrate level phosphorylation occurs b/w 1,3 biphosphoglycerate and ADP (add Phosphate) to produce 3-phosphoglycerate & ATP. - $1,3 phosphoglycerate + ADP$ → $3 phosphoglycerate + ATP$ ## Step 8 The phosphate on the 3-phosphoglycerate is moved from carbon 3 to carbon 2 to make 2-phosphoglycerate. - $H-C-OH$ → $C-O-P$ ## Step 9 Water is removed from 2-phosphoglycerate which creates a high energy phosphate linkage → produces phosphoglycerate. - $H-C-OP$ → $C-OP + H_2O$ ## Step 10 Substrate level phosphorylation occurs b/w phosphoglycerate (PEP) and ADP to make pyruvate and ATP. - $C-OP + ADP + H^*$ → $C=O + ATP$ The document details the 10 steps of glycolysis. It shows the structure of each molecule and the changes that occur at each step. The document also includes the names of the enzymes that catalyze each reaction. The document is accompanied by a series of diagrams that illustrate the processes of glycolysis. The document is well-organized and informative. It provides a clear and concise overview of the process of glycolysis.