CM103 PGCP: Introduction to Medical Professionalism PDF (August 29, 2024)

CM103: Stand-alone Subject PGCP: Introduction to Medical Professionalism Dr. Jude Y. Rivera | August 29, 2024 TOPICS MEDICAL PROFESSIONALISM A. Learning Objectives...

CM103: Stand-alone Subject PGCP: Introduction to Medical Professionalism Dr. Jude Y. Rivera | August 29, 2024 TOPICS MEDICAL PROFESSIONALISM A. Learning Objectives Importance of Studying Medical Professionalism A. Patient Care and Safety 💻 B. Topics MEDICAL PROFESSIONALISM Definition Importance of Studying Medical 🩺 responsible As medical healthcare professionals, we are for the health and well-being of our Professionalism Key Elements of Professionalism Who regulates/disciplines those 🩺 Understanding patients. and adhering to the principles of professionalism ensures that the patients will who do not act as receive high-quality care, be treated with respect “Professionals?” Important Key Points of Medical Professionalism 🩺 and dignity, and be protected from harm. Our patients are always our priority. B. Trust and Confidence 💻 Professionalism Key Principles that Define Professionalism 🩺 Understanding and adhering to the principles of professionalism builds up trust and confidence in C. Review Questions (At least 10-15 items) D. References our patients. Most importantly, it builds up our E. Appendix 🩺 rapport. Once we’ve won the trust and confidence of our patients, they are more likely to follow medical LEARNING OBJECTIVES THE MEDICAL STUDENTS ARE EXPECTED TO MEET THE 🩺 advice and treatment plans. It’s always beneficial if we build up our rapport or relationship with our patients. STANDARD LEARNING OBJECTIVES OF THIS SUBJECT: C. Ethical Decision-Making 💻 1. OBJECTIVE 1 🩺 have 2. OBJECTIVE 2 3. OBJECTIVE 3 Different organizations and bodies of authority 🩺 complex 4. OBJECTIVE 4 their guidelines to follow. 5. OBJECTIVE 5 Medical practice always often involves very 6. OBJECTIVE 6 ethical dilemmas or situations. (e.g. MEDICAL PROFESSIONALISM 🩺 professionals who will you save, the mother or the baby?) Studying professionalism equips healthcare with the ethical frameworks and Definition principles needed to make difficult decisions that 💻 Refers to the set of ethical principles, behaviors, prioritize the best interest of our patients. D. Legal and Regulatory Compliance 💻 attitudes, and values that guide the conduct and interactions of healthcare professionals, particularly physicians and other medical 🩺 Many countries, including the Philippines, have 💻 practitioners. Encompasses both the technical skills and 🩺 standards. laws and regulations governing medical practice. This often reflects ethical and professional There are standard behaviors that interpersonal qualities that are expected of 💻 healthcare providers in their practice. Crucial for maintaining trust between healthcare 🩺 physicians are expected from us. Strong understanding of professionalism helps and other healthcare workers obliged providers and patients, as well as for upholding the integrity of the medical profession as a to follow and be regulated by these laws and 🩺 whole. avoid legal and regulatory issues for the safety Not included in board exam, but an important and welfare of our patients. 💻 basic foundation for a physician to become successful. E. Quality Improvement F. Effective Communication 💻 🩺 Studying medical professionalism will also have guidelines on effective communication which is PREPARED BY J. HABOC, N. PAGLINGAYEN, D. REVILLA, A. RODRIGUEZ, D. TUNDAG, J. VALEROS (YL1-B4) 1  Medical Professional – Week 3 expected for a very good decision to be a good, efficient communicator, which includes our 🩺 need Medical profession needs updating, hence the to have our continuous medical education. 🩺 communication skills. In practice, good communication between B. Integrity💻 healthcare providers, patients, and other members of the healthcare team, is essential for 💻 💻 Acting ethically and honestly in all interactions Entails being truthful, honoring commitments an accurate diagnosis, treatment plans, and made, and safeguarding confidentiality when 🩺 patient satisfaction. Physicians are supposed to be collaborative. “No man is an island”. 🩺 necessary Be ethical and honest be it with patients, colleagues, or other healthcare workers. G. Interdisciplinary Collaboration 💻 C. Reliability 💻 🩺 Healthcare involves the collaboration of various healthcare professionals (e.g., physicians, 💻 meeting Consistently delivering high-quality work while nurses, pharmacists, therapists, medical technologists), and understanding MP facilitates 💻 responsibilities deadlines Being reliable and accountable for assigned effective teamwork and communication among 🩺 these diverse professionals. 💻 💻 politeness, Makes referral to other specialists possible if the D. Respect 🩺 case at hand is beyond one's capacity. Treating colleagues, clients, and others, with If we are collaborative, it will make our lives easier 💻 Valuing consideration, and respectfulness diversity while refraining from offensive 💻 🩺 This behavior is in our oath, we have to protect each other, 🩺 Professionals H. Preventing Burnout our colleagues. who embrace professionalism are E. Communication 💻 more likely very well-guided to maintain a healthy work-life balance, which prevents 💻 Expressing 🩺 burnout. oneself clearly through both written Helps physicians to be well-guided in maintaining healthy work-life balance to continue providing 💻 Active and communication channels listening is also crucial as it shows respect 🩺 quality care to patients Collaboration with colleagues can help avoid 🩺 We for perspectives held by others. should be good listeners in our patients, to be able to get a good medical history from the burnout. patient. I. Maintaining Public Health💻 F. Dressing and Appearance 💻 Professional Reputation 💻 💻 It’sor profession important to present oneself in the workplace 🩺 Enhances J. healthcare provider’s reputation within 💻 impression Dressing professionally contributes to the 🩺 Leads the medical community and among patients. to career success and opportunities for career advancements. 🩺 skirts. of competence and seriousness. Don’t go on rounds wearing shorts and mini Dress appropriately. Take care of our 💻 appearance, to be respected. 🩺 constantly K. Continuing Education Medical knowledge and medical practice are G. Etiquette 💻 evolving; we should not stick to old 💻 interactions Following professional norms in behavior 🩺 seminars, principles of managing patients. Keep up-to-date by attending conventions, conferences, etc. to embrace new 💻 sensitivities. and communications is essential Includes using language and being aware of ideas and technology and adopt new 🩺 We have to be sensitive to what we are saying. 🩺 evidence-based practices. Professionals are required to gain a number of H. Adaptability 💻 units (i.e., 42) in Continuing Medical Education (CME) before a license can be renewed. Units 💻 Being open to change, new ideas, and willingly adjusting to evolving circumstances or are earned through joining seminars, conventions, conferences, and training. 🩺Therequirement pandemic experience is a very good and concrete example of how doctors should be MEDICAL PROFESSIONALISM adaptable. I. Teamwork 💻 Key Elements of Professionalism 💻 💻 achieve 💻 Displaying A. Competence Effectively collaborating with colleagues to the skills, knowledge, and expertise to 💻 advancements effectively carry out one’s job. Involves staying updated with industry 💻 contributing goals Involves listening, providing feedback, and positively to group dynamics and continuously enhancing one’s abilities PREPARED BY J. HABOC, R.IMPERIAL N. PAGLINGAYEN, D. REVILLA, A. RODRIGUEZ, D. TUNDAG, J. VALEROS (YL1-B4) 2  Medical Professional – Week 3 🩺 Beothercollaborative. 💻 physicians Learn to work hand in hand with B. Philippine Medical Association experts and healthcare providers. Serves as an organization representing J. Accountability💻 💻 maintainingthroughout the country 💻 decisions Plays a role in promoting behavior and Taking responsibility for one’s actions and high standards within the medical 💻 Ifsteps mistakes are made, own up to them and take 💻 Provides community guidance on conduct to its members 🩺 Blaming to rectify the situation. while advocating for advancements in won’t solve the problem. Evaluate and communicate about it in order to prevent the 💻 healthcare policies and regulations. By collaborating with these entities, the Philippines strives to ensure that medical mistake from happening again. professionals uphold their responsibilities K. Leadership 💻 ethically while delivering quality healthcare 💻 taking Demonstrating leadership qualities such as 💻 services. Provides training programs to assist doctors in 💻 initiative, and problem-solving abilities 🩺 We should exhibit good leadership Having the skills to guide and motivate others staying up-to-date with the advancements in medicine and ethical considerations. L. Continuous Learning 💻 🩺 Philippine Medical Association (PMA) is the top 💻 or mother organization of all medical 💻 Being dedicated to professional growth This means seeking opportunities for skill 🩺 organizations. Once physicians acquire a license, they are required to become a member of a local society development while staying updated on industry trends 🩺 Membership to be recognized by the PMA. 🩺 Attend in PMA is a requirement for availing conventions, trainings, seminars, etc. for of the Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) current updates. and PhilHealth. MEDICAL PROFESSIONALISM C. Professional Associations and 💻 organizations Who regulates/disciplines those who do not Specialty Societies 💻 act as “Professionals?” There are specialty societies and medical Regulation of professionalism in the in the Philippines that focus on areas such as pediatrics, surgery, internal Philippines a. an effort involving government agencies, professional 💻 medicine, etc. These organizations contribute to regulating professionalism by: organizations, and specialty i. establishing standards for their fields societies ii. organizing events for continuing medical b. to ensure that medical practitioners education (CME) adhere to high standards of iii. promoting ethical practices within their competence, ethics, and patient areas of expertise. care. 🩺 Example: Philippine College of Physicians (PCP) 🩺 our Different organizations have set standards for skills, behaviors, and attitudes as for internal medicine pulmonologist, nephrologist). (cardiologist, 🩺 organization physicians. Philippine College of Physicians - the 💻 organizations D. Code of Ethical Conduct 🩺 Internal of internists in the Philippines. Developed by the PMA in collaboration with into Medicine is a prerequisite before going cardiology, nephrology, etc., and 💻 Outlines the principles and standards expected organizations managing IM have high standards of competence, ethics, and patient care. 💻 Serves from physicians regarding professional conduct as a guide for healthcare practitioners to ensure they provide quality care while maintaining behavior when interacting with 💻 professions, A. Professional Regulation Commission patients, colleagues, and the community A government agency for supervising 💻 uphold including medicine Main Objective: to ensure that professionals 🩺 PMA Code of Ethical Conduct can be found in the manual. standards of competence, ethics, and 💻 Conducts professionalism. licensure exams for aspiring doctors and grants licenses to those who successfully 💻 regulatory E. Health Regulatory Bodies Has the Under PRC purview various health bodies oversee healthcare 💻 pass these exams Has the authority to investigate allegations of professions in the Philippines including misconduct and take disciplinary actions against healthcare providers who violate ethical 💻 medicine. Responsible for formulating and implementing policies and regulations related to their fields. standards. PREPARED BY J. HABOC, R.IMPERIAL N. PAGLINGAYEN, D. REVILLA, A. RODRIGUEZ, D. TUNDAG, J. VALEROS (YL1-B4) 3  Medical Professional – Week 3 💻 Establish standards for education, training, and professional conduct within these professions. 🩺 Building rapport with patients can help in openly communicating the case to the patient. 💻 Medical F. Government Regulations Act of 1959 (Republic Act No. 2382) 💻 5. Continuity of Care Continuity of care promotes a better understanding of the patient’s medical history i. lays out the qualifications to acquire a license and individual needs, resulting in more ii. defines the extent of medical practice personalized and effective care. iii. outlines the duties and obligations of healthcare professionals 🩺 physician’s Building rapport with patients will make the life easier. MEDICAL PROFESSIONALISM Important Key Points of Medical 💻 6. Placebo Effect Placebo effect is where a patient experiences 💻 communicate Professionalism Medical professionalism includes the ability to knowledge, diagnosis, and improvement in their condition due to their belief in the efficacy of a treatment plan While NOT A REPLACEMENT for 💻 continuity, treatment options in an easy-to understand-way. Professionalism also involves confidentiality, evidence-based medical care, placebo effect can have a positive impact on a patient’s 💻 aspects trust, honesty, and compassion. well-being 🩺 psychosomatic. Patient’s trust and confidence are essential of the healthcare relationship between a The feelings of anxious people are often patient and their healthcare provider. These Trust and confidence of patients factors play a crucial role in ensuring effective to the physicians will therefore help lessen their medical care, open communication, and positive worries. health outcomes. 🩺 Study and read cases so we could explain and communicate the diagnosis and management 💻 7. Patient Satisfaction When patients have trust and confidence in their healthcare provider, they are more likely to 🩺 plan to patients. 🩺 Data gathered should only be between the Continuity = “hindi paiba-iba ang sinasabi” report higher levels of satisfaction with their health care, which then in turn, can lead to positive word-of-mouth recommendations and physician and the patient. better doctor-patient relationships. Patient’s Trust and Confidence 🩺 patients Patients themselves can refer you to other if they are satisfied with your care. 💻 1. Effective Communication 💻 When patients trust their provider, they are more 8. Openness about Concerns likely to share accurate information about their Patients are more likely to openly discuss their 💻 medical history, symptoms, and concerns. Crucial for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment 💻concerns, fears, and questions. This helps providers address any misconceptions, provide clear explanations, and 💻 2. Adherence to Treatment Plans alleviate any unnecessary worries. 🩺 should Patients who trust their healthcare provider are more likely to adhere to the recommended Physicians should be approachable. Patients 💻 treatment plans. They believe that the provider has their best be open to the physicians with their concerns to know the effects of medicines 🩺 interests in mind and that the prescribed prescribed to them. 💻 treatments are genuinely beneficial. Leads to better health outcomes and faster If it’s the patient’s first visit in the clinic, it is important to retrieve a complete clinical history 🩺 recovery of the patient. 🩺 management. There would be continuity in diagnosis and Developing skill in getting clinical history of patients is very important to be able to come up with differential diagnosis. 💻 3. Reduced Anxiety Patients who trust their healthcare providers experience reduced anxiety about their medical Formal instruction in both professional values and the rationale for upholding professionalism are being 💻 conditions and treatments. They have confidence in the expertise of their providers and are less likely to engage in increasingly integrated into medical curricula of medical schools. unnecessary worry or self-doubt. 💻 4. Shared Decision-Making Patients feel comfortable discussing treatment options, risks, and benefits, leading to decisions that align with their values and preferences. PREPARED BY J. HABOC, R.IMPERIAL N. PAGLINGAYEN, D. REVILLA, A. RODRIGUEZ, D. TUNDAG, J. VALEROS (YL1-B4) 4  Medical Professional – Week 3 💻 Involves MEDICAL PROFESSIONALISM H. Respect Professionalism acknowledging the value and dignity of each person and interacting with them in an A. Definition 💻 Professionalism comprises those attributes and behaviors that serve to maintain patient interests empathetic and professional manner. 🩺 ourselves We should empathize with patients and put 💻 Professionalism above physician self-interest. extends beyond interactions with 🩺 Respect in their shoes. Ex: Don’t make them wait too long. 💻 interactions patients and their families Professionalism involves relationships and between all those involved in the time of other people and be punctual as much as possible. medical education and the delivery of patient REVIEW QUESTIONS care including physicians, students, 1. WHAT IS THE PRIMARY GOAL OF MEDICAL 💻 administrators, and allied health professionals Professionalism should pervade all of our activities in medicine and should include: PROFESSIONALISM? A) TO MAXIMIZE PERSONAL FINANCIAL GAIN B) TO MAINTAIN THE WELL-BEING AND INTERESTS OF a. A commitment to the highest standards PATIENTS of excellence in the practice of medicine C) TO ENSURE THAT MEDICAL PRACTITIONERS HAVE and the generation and dissemination of PERSONAL SATISFACTION knowledge. D) TO FOCUS ON TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS b. A commitment to sustain the interests and welfare of patients. 2. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS A KEY ELEMENT OF c. A commitment to be responsive to the PROFESSIONALISM IN MEDICINE? health needs of society. A) DISREGARDING CONFIDENTIALITY IF NECESSARY B) DISPLAYING INTEGRITY AND HONESTY MEDICAL PROFESSIONALISM C) PRIORITIZING PERSONAL CONVENIENCE OVER Key Principles that Define Professionalism PATIENT CARE A. Altruism D) AVOIDING COLLABORATION WITH OTHER 💻 including Having a concern for the well-being of others patients, colleagues, and society as a HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS 3. WHY IS EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION IMPORTANT IN whole MEDICAL PROFESSIONALISM? 🩺 The well-being of our patients should always be above our self-interest. A) IT HELPS IN AVOIDING ETHICAL DILEMMAS B) IT ENSURES ACCURATE DIAGNOSIS AND PATIENT SATISFACTION C) IT SIMPLIFIES ADMINISTRATIVE TASKS 💻 B. Accountability D) IT FOCUSES ON FINANCIAL GAINS 💻 Taking ownership of one’s actions and decisions Being responsible for the outcomes to others 4. WHICH ORGANIZATION IN THE PHILIPPINES IS RESPONSIBLE FOR SUPERVISING MEDICAL PROFESSIONS AND ENSURING ADHERENCE TO 💻 Recognizing C. Resoonsibility PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS? the duty to act in the interests of A) PHILIPPINE MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (PMA) patients and maintaining standards B) PHILIPPINE COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS (PCP) C) PROFESSIONAL REGULATION COMMISSION (PRC) 💻 Committing D. Excellence D) DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH (DOH) to upholding standards in practice, education, and research 5. WHAT DOES THE PRINCIPLE OF ALTRUISM IN MEDICAL PROFESSIONALISM ENTAIL? A) PRIORITIZING ONE'S OWN INTERESTS OVER 💻 colleagues E. Duty PATIENTS Acknowledging obligations towards patients, B) ACTING IN THE BEST INTEREST OF PATIENTS AND 💻 Fulfilling them, andto thesociety as a whole best of one’s abilities COLLEAGUES C) IGNORING THE WELL-BEING OF SOCIETY D) FOCUSING SOLELY ON FINANCIAL BENEFITS 💻 Demonstrating F. Honesty a commitment to truthfulness and 6. WHAT IS THE ROLE OF THE PHILIPPINE MEDICAL transparency in all interactions ASSOCIATION (PMA) IN MEDICAL PROFESSIONALISM? A) IT PROVIDES LEGAL REPRESENTATION FOR 💻 understanding G. Integrity PHYSICIANS Adhering to principles and values while B) IT ESTABLISHES STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES FOR MEDICAL PRACTICE the importance of building trust, with both patients and colleagues. C) IT ADMINISTERS LICENSURE EXAMS D) IT OFFERS DIRECT PATIENT CARE SERVICES PREPARED BY J. HABOC, R.IMPERIAL N. PAGLINGAYEN, D. REVILLA, A. RODRIGUEZ, D. TUNDAG, J. VALEROS (YL1-B4) 5  Medical Professional – Week 3 7. WHAT ASPECT OF PROFESSIONALISM INVOLVES 4 C) The Professional Regulation TAKING RESPONSIBILITY FOR ONE’S ACTIONS AND Professional Commission (PRC) is the DECISIONS? Regulation primary government agency A) INTEGRITY Commission responsible for overseeing B) ACCOUNTABILITY (PRC) and regulating various C) RESPECT professions, including D) ADAPTABILITY medicine, ensuring that professionals adhere to 8. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS NOT A KEY PRINCIPLE established standards and OF PROFESSIONALISM? ethical practices. A) EXCELLENCE B) RESPONSIBILITY 5 B) Acting in Altruism involves putting the C) DEFENSIVENESS the best well-being and interests of D) DUTY interest of patients and colleagues above 9. WHAT IS THE SIGNIFICANCE OF MAINTAINING PUBLIC patients and one's own self-interest. It HEALTH IN THE CONTEXT OF MEDICAL colleagues reflects a commitment to the PROFESSIONALISM? ethical practice of medicine A) TO INCREASE INDIVIDUAL PRACTITIONER’S and prioritizing patient care. REPUTATION B) TO ADHERE TO GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS ONLY 6 B) It The Philippine Medical C) TO ENSURE A BROADER IMPACT ON COMMUNITY establishes Association (PMA) plays a key WELL-BEING standards and role in setting standards and D) TO AVOID MEDICAL MALPRACTICE LAWSUITS guidelines for guidelines for medical medical practice, promoting 10. WHICH ELEMENT OF PROFESSIONALISM INVOLVES practice professional behavior, and BEING OPEN TO CHANGE AND ADAPTING TO NEW advancing healthcare policies. CIRCUMSTANCES? A) RELIABILITY 7 B) Accountability refers to taking B) ADAPTABILITY Accountability ownership of one's actions C) ETIQUETTE and decisions, including D) LEADER acknowledging mistakes and taking steps to correct them. It ANSWERS: REFER TO APPENDIX SECTION is a crucial aspect of maintaining professional integrity and trust. APPENDIX 8 C) Defensiveness is not ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS Defensivenes considered a key principle of s professionalism. Instead, Ite Answer Explanation principles such as excellence, m responsibility, and duty are essential for maintaining high 1 B) To maintain The core goal of medical standards of professional the well-being professionalism is to prioritize conduct. and interests the well-being and interests of of patients patients above personal or 9 C) To ensure Maintaining public health is financial interests. This a broader significant because it has a ensures that patient care impact on broader impact on community remains the central focus of community well-being. Professionalism in medical practice. well-being medicine involves contributing to public health and 2 B) Displaying Integrity and honesty are addressing the health needs integrity and fundamental elements of of society as a whole. honesty medical professionalism, ensuring that healthcare 10 B) Adaptability Adaptability is the element of providers act ethically and professionalism that involves maintain trust with patients. being open to change and adjusting to evolving 3 B) It ensures Effective communication is circumstances. This quality is accurate crucial for accurate diagnosis important for responding diagnosis and and developing treatment effectively to new challenges patient plans. It also enhances patient and advancements in medical satisfaction satisfaction by ensuring clear practice. understanding and engagement. PREPARED BY J. HABOC, R.IMPERIAL N. PAGLINGAYEN, D. REVILLA, A. RODRIGUEZ, D. TUNDAG, J. VALEROS (YL1-B4) 6