Systems Analysis and Design Chapter 1 PDF

Chapter 1 1 Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 7th Edition - Chapter 1 ©2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.  Lecture 1 Systems Analysis and Design...

Chapter 1 1 Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 7th Edition - Chapter 1 ©2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.  Lecture 1 Systems Analysis and Design (SAND6221) Lecturer: Zahra Bulbulia E-mail Address: [email protected] Whatsapp:0761185552 Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6th 2 Edition From Beginning to End: An Overview of Systems Analysis and Design Chapte r1 Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World 7th Ed Satzinger, Jackson & Burd  Chapter 1: Outline Software Development and Systems Analysis and Design Systems Development Lifecycle (SDLC) Iterative Development Introduction to Ridgeline Mountain Outfitters (R M O) Developing RMO’s Tradeshow Systems Where You are Headed—The Rest of the Book Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 7th Edition - Chapter 1 4 ©2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.  Learning Objectives (1 of 2) After reading this chapter, you should be able to: Describe the purpose of systems analysis and design when developing information systems Explain the purpose of the system development life cycle and identify its six core processes Explain how information system methodologies provide guidelines for completing the six core processes Describe the characteristics of Agile methodologies and iterative system development Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 7th Edition - Chapter 1 5 ©2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.  Learning Objectives (2 of 2) Based on the Ridgeline Mountain Outfitters Tradeshow System example: Describe how the six core processes of the SDLC are used in each iteration Identify key documents used in planning a project Identify key diagrams used in systems analysis and systems design Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 7th Edition - Chapter 1 6 ©2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.  Overview This text is about developing information systems that solve an organization need. Chapter 1 takes you through the process of developing one rather small information system The rest of the textbook elaborates on the basic processes shown in chapter 1 Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 7th Edition - Chapter 1 7 ©2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.  Software Development (1 of 3) Computer application (app) – a computer software program that executes on a computing device to carry out a specific set of functions Modest scope Information system – a set of interrelated components that collects, processes, stores, and provides as output the information needed to complete business tasks Broader in scope than “app” Includes database and related manual processes Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 7th Edition - Chapter 1 8 ©2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.  Software Development (2 of 3) Systems analysis – those activities that enable a person to understand and specify what an information system should accomplish Systems design – those activities that enable a person to define and describe in detail the system that solves the need Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 7th Edition - Chapter 1 9 ©2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 7th Edition - Chapter 1 10 ©2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.  Software Development (3 of 3) 1. Understand the need (business need) 2. Capture the vision 3. Define a solution 4. Communicate the vision and solution 5. Build the solution 6. Confirm that the solution meets the need 7. Launch the solution system Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 7th Edition - Chapter 1 11 ©2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.  System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) (1 of 3) The process consisting of all activities required to build, launch, and maintain an information system. Six core processes are: 1. Identify the problem or need and obtain approval 2. Plan and monitor the project 3. Discover and understand the details of the problem or need 4. Design the system components that solve the problem 5. Build, test, and integrate system components 6. Complete system tests and then deploy the solution Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 7th Edition - Chapter 1 12 ©2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.  System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) (2 of 3) Project – a planned undertaking that has a beginning and end and that produces some definite result Used to develop an information system Requires knowledge of systems analysis and systems design tools and techniques Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 7th Edition - Chapter 1 13 ©2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.  System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) (3 of 3) System development process – the actual approach used to develop a particular information system (aka: methodology) Unified process (UP) Extreme programming (XP) Scrum Most processes/methodologies now use Agile and Iterative development Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 7th Edition - Chapter 1 14 ©2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.  Iterative Development Agile development – an information system development process that emphasizes flexibility to anticipate new requirements during development Fast on feet; responsive to change Iterative development -- an approach to system development in which the system is “grown” piece by piece through multiple iterations Complete small part of system (mini-project), then repeat processes to refine and add more, then repeat to refine and add more, until done Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 7th Edition - Chapter 1 15 ©2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.  Iterative and Agile Systems Development Lifecycle (SDLC) Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 7th Edition - Chapter 1 16 ©2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.  Ridgeline Mountain Outfitters (RMO) (1 of 2) Large Retail Company Outdoor and sporting clothing and accessories Skiing, mountain biking, water sports Hiking, camping, mountain climbing Rocky Mountain and Western States Started mail order and phone order Added retail stores Added extensive E-business component Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 7th Edition - Chapter 1 17 ©2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 7th Edition - Chapter 1 18 ©2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.  Ridgeline Mountain Outfitters (RMO) (2 of 2) Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 7th Edition - Chapter 1 © 19 2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.  RMO Tradeshow System (1 of 2) Sample project for chapter Small information system (app) Being added to larger supply chain management system Demonstrates one iteration of the small project – assumes more iterations in total project Goes through all six core processes of S DLC The plan for this chapter is to complete iteration in six days Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 7th Edition - Chapter 1 20 ©2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.  RMO Tradeshow System (2 of 2) Problem-- purchasing agents attend apparel and fabric trade shows around the world to order new products from suppliers Need– information system (app) to collect and track information about suppliers and new products while at tradeshows Tradeshow Project– is proposed Supplier information subsystem Product information subsystem Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 7th Edition - Chapter 1 21 ©2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.  Initial Activities – pre- project Identify the problem and document the objective of the system (core process 1) Preliminary investigation System Vision Document Obtain approval to commence the project (core process 1) Meet with key stakeholders, including executive management Decision reached, approve plan and budget Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 7th Edition - Chapter 1 22 ©2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.  System Vision Document Problem description System capabilities Business benefits Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 7th Edition - Chapter 1 23 ©2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.  Problem Description Trade shows have become an important information source for new products, new fashions, and new fabrics. In addition to the large providers of outdoor clothing and fabrics, there are many smaller providers. It is important for RMO to capture information about these suppliers while the trade show is in progress. It is also important to obtain information about specific merchandise products that RMO plans to purchase. Additionally, if quality photographs of the products can be obtained while at the trade show, then the creation of online product pages is greatly facilitated. It is recommended that a new system be developed and deployed so field purchasing agents can communicate more rapidly with the home office about suppliers and specific Systems Analysis products and Design in a Changing of interest. World, ©2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. This 1system should be 7th Edition - Chapter 24  System Capabilities The new system should be capable of: Collecting and storing information about the manufacture/wholesaler (suppliers) Collecting and storing information about sales representatives and other key personnel for each supplier Collecting information about products Taking pictures of products (and/or uploading stock images of products) Functioning as a stand-alone without connection Connecting via Wi-Fi (Internet) and transmitting data Connecting via telephone and transmitting data Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 7th Edition - Chapter 1 25 ©2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.  Business Benefits It is anticipated that the deployment of this new system will provide the following business benefits to R MO: Increase timely communication between trade show attendees and home office, thereby improving the quality and speed of purchase order decisions Maintain correct and current information about suppliers and their key personnel, thereby facilitating rapid communication with suppliers Maintain correct and rapid information and images about new products, thereby facilitating the development of catalogs and Web pages Expedite the placing of purchase orders for new merchandise, thereby catching trends more rapidly and speeding Systems Analysis and Design inup product a Changing World,availability 7th Edition - Chapter 1 26 ©2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.  Day 1: Activities Core Process 2: Plan the Project Determine the major components (functional areas) that are needed Supplier information subsystem Product information subsystem Define the iterations and assign each function to an iteration Decide to do Supplier subsystem first Plan one iteration as it is small and straight forward Determine team members and responsibilities Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 7th Edition - Chapter 1 27 ©2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.  Work Breakdown Structure for Iteration Describes the work and covers Core Processes 3, 4, 5, and 6 Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 7th Edition - Chapter 1 28 ©2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.  Work Sequence Draft for Iteration Elaborates the Work Breakdown Structure Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 7th Edition - Chapter 1 29 ©2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.  Day 2: Activities Core Process 3: Discover and Understand Details Do preliminary fact-finding to understand requirements Develop a preliminary list of use cases and a use case diagram Develop a preliminary list of classes and a class diagram Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 7th Edition - Chapter 1 30 ©2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.  Identify Use Cases: Both subsystems Use Case Description Using supplier name, find supplier Look up supplier information and contacts Enter/update supplier Enter (new) or update (existing) supplier information information Using contact name, find contact Look up contact information Enter/update contact Enter (new) or update (existing) contact information information Look up product Using description or supplier name, look up information product information Enter/update contact Enter (new) or update (existing) product information information Upload product image Upload images of the merchandise product Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 7th Edition - Chapter 1 31 ©2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.  Identify Object Classes: Both subsystems Object Classes Attributes Supplier Supplier name, address, description, comments name, address, phone(s), e-mail address(es), Contact position, comments Product Category, name, description, gender, comments ProductPicture I D, image Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 7th Edition - Chapter 1 32 ©2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.  Preliminary Class Diagram: Both subsystems Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 7th Edition - Chapter 1 33 ©2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.  Day 3: Activities Core Process 3: Discover and Understand Details Do in-depth fact-finding to understand requirements Understand and document the detailed workflow of each use case Core Process 4: Design System Components Define the user experience with screens and report sketches Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 7th Edition - Chapter 1 34 ©2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.  Supplier Information Subsystem Use cases: Look up supplier Enter/update supplier information Lookup contact information Enter/update contract information Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 7th Edition - Chapter 1 35 ©2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.  Use Case Diagram: Supplier information subsystem Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 7th Edition - Chapter 1 36 ©2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.  Activity Diagram (Workflow) Look up supplier use case Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 7th Edition - Chapter 1 37 ©2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.  Draft Screen Layout: Look up supplier use case Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 7th Edition - Chapter 1 38 ©2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.  Day 4: Activities Core Process 4: Design System Components Design the database (schema) Design the system’s high level structure Browser, Windows, or Smart phone Architectural configuration (components) Design class diagram Subsystem architectural design Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 7th Edition - Chapter 1 39 ©2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.  Database Schema (1 of 2) Table name Attributes Supplier SupplierID: integer {key} Name: string {index} Address1: string Address1: string City: string State-province: string Postal-code: string Country: string SupplierWebURL: string Comments: string Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 7th Edition - Chapter 1 40 ©2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.  Database Schema (2 of 2) Table name Attributes Contact ContactID: integer {key} SupplierID: integer {foreign key} Name: string {index} Title: string WorkAddress1: string WorkAddress2: string WorkCity: string WorkState: string WorkPostal-code: string WorkCountry: string WorkPhone: string WorkPhone: string EmailAddress1: string EmailAddress2: string Comments: string Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 7th Edition - Chapter 1 41 ©2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.  Architectural Configuration Diagram Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 7th Edition - Chapter 1 42 ©2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.  Preliminary Design Class Diagram Includes View Layer Classes and Domain Layer Classes Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 7th Edition - Chapter 1 43 ©2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.  Subsystem Architectural Design Diagram Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 7th Edition - Chapter 1 44 ©2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.  Notes on Managing the Project Lots of design diagrams shown Design in a complex activity with multiple levels One diagram builds on/complements another Not everything is diagrammed, especially for a small project. Pick and choose. Programming is also done concurrently You don’t design everything then code You do some design, some coding, some design, some coding Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 7th Edition - Chapter 1 45 ©2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.  Day 5: Activities Core Process 4: Design System Components Continue with design details Proceed use case by use case Core Process 5: Build, Test, and Integrate System Components Continue programming (build) Build use case by use case Perform unit and integration tests Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 7th Edition - Chapter 1 46 ©2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.  Code Example for One Class Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 7th Edition - Chapter 1 47 ©2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.  Day 6: Activities Core Process 6: Complete System Testing and Deploy the System Perform system functional testing Perform user acceptance testing Possibly deploy part of system Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 7th Edition - Chapter 1 48 ©2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.  Workflow of Testing Tasks Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 7th Edition - Chapter 1 49 ©2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.  First Iteration Recap This was a 6 day iteration of small project Most iterations are longer (2 to 4 weeks) This project might be 2 iterations Most projects have many more iterations End users need to be involved, particularly in day 1, 2, 3 and 6. Days 4 and 5 involved design and programming concurrently. Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 7th Edition - Chapter 1 50 ©2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.  This Book is about Activities and Tasks in the SDLC Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 7th Edition - Chapter 1 51 ©2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.  System Example Varsity College created an online registration system for students to register for their modules. (a) What was the business problem/need that this system was trying to address? (b) How does the system solve the problem? (c) Produce a system vision document for an online registration system for Varsity Systems College Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6th 52 Edition  System Example (a) What was the business problem that this system was trying to address? Students were previously only able to register for modules when they were on a Varsity College campus. They had to stand in long queues. Data had to be captured manually by Varsity College Staff members Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6th 53 Edition  System Example (b) How does the system solve the problem? The system allows students to register anywhere anytime. Queues at the campuses are now reserved for people who need assistance when registering. Since online registration makes students enter their own module registration details, the number of data capturers is reduced. Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6th 54 Edition  Class Activity Varsity College is developing a new online registration system. You (as a student) have been asked to identify your user goals and then to develop associated use cases for the new online registration system. List three (3) use cases for this system using the verb-noun naming convention. 55  Where You Are Headed – The Rest of the Book (1 of 7) Part I: An Introduction to Systems Development Chapter 1: From Beginning to End Small project overview emphasizing analysis and design and iterative development Online Chapter A: The Systems Analyst More about the role of the systems analyst in systems development, including system concepts and careers Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 7th Edition - Chapter 1 56 ©2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.  Where You Are Headed – The Rest of the Book (2 of 7) Part II. Systems Analysis Activities Chapter 2: Investigating System Requirements More about core process 3: Systems analysis activities Chapter 3: Identifying Use Cases Techniques for Identifying and modeling use cases for systems analysis Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 7th Edition - Chapter 1 57 ©2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.  Where You Are Headed – The Rest of the Book (3 of 7) Part II. Chapter 4: Domain Modeling Techniques for identifying and modeling domain classes for systems analysis Chapter 5: Use Case Modeling Modeling more details about use cases Online Chapter B: The Traditional Approach to Requirements Modeling using Data Flow Diagrams Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 7th Edition - Chapter 1 58 ©2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.  Where You Are Headed – The Rest of the Book (4 of 7) Part III. Essentials of Systems Design Chapter 6: Foundations of Systems Design Design activities, Controls and Security Chapter 7: Defining the System Architecture Understanding the environment, configuring the application Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 7th Edition - Chapter 1 59 ©2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.  Where You Are Headed – The Rest of the Book (5 of 7) Part III. Chapter 8: Designing the User Interface Input and output design Chapter 9: Designing the Database Designing the schema – tables, data types, keys Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 7th Edition - Chapter 1 60 ©2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.  Where You Are Headed – The Rest of the Book (6 of 7) Part IV. Projects and Project Management Chapter 10: Approaches to Systems Development Predictive and adaptive approaches, S DLC, models Chapter 11: Project Planning and Project Management Core processes 1 and 2 Online Chapter C: Project Management Techniques NPV, Pert charts, PMBOK knowledge areas Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 7th Edition - Chapter 1 61 ©2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.  Where You Are Headed – The Rest of the Book (7 of 7) Part V. Advanced Design and Deployment Chapter 12: Object-Oriented Design: Fundamentals Principles, Design Classes, C RC Cards Chapter 13: Object-Oriented Design: Use Case Realization Communication and Sequence Diagrams, three layer design Chapter 14: Deploying the New System Testing, deployment, support activities Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 7th Edition - Chapter 1 62 ©2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.  Summary This text is about developing information systems that solve an organization need Chapter 1 takes you through the whole process for one small information system System development involves 6 core processes, known as the SDLC The rest of the text elaborates on the basic processes shown in chapter 1 Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 7th Edition - Chapter 1 63 ©2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.  Summary – Terms (1 of 3) Terms to review and know include: Computer application Information system Project Systems analysis System design System development lifecycle (S DLC) Information system development process (methodology) Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 7th Edition - Chapter 1 64 ©2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.  Summary – Terms (2 of 3) Agile development Iterative development System vision document Work breakdown structure Work sequence draft Use cases Use case diagram Object classes (domain classes) Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 7th Edition - Chapter 1 65 ©2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.  Summary – Terms (3 of 3) Class diagram Design class diagram High level structural design (architectural design) Database schema Screen layout Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 7th Edition - Chapter 1 66 ©2016. Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.