sa_04 Dr Asmaa Rashid.pdf

Post-Installation Tasks in Windows Server 2019 SYSTEM ADMINISTRATION FWD 216 Topics  Understanding devices and device drivers.  Understanding the registry and services.  Understanding Windows Server initial configuration.  Exercise: Performing an initial Windows Server configuration. ...

Post-Installation Tasks in Windows Server 2019 SYSTEM ADMINISTRATION FWD 216 Topics  Understanding devices and device drivers.  Understanding the registry and services.  Understanding Windows Server initial configuration.  Exercise: Performing an initial Windows Server configuration.  Understanding devices and device drivers  Computer hardware is nothing more than a collection of physical components and the operating system is just a collection of programmed instructions.  Therefore, it is very interesting to learn about the interaction between hardware and software.  So, the question arises: how does the OS recognize the physical components?  Getting to know computer devices and device drivers  The PC general physical components are organized as follows:  An internal device is any device that is located in the computer case. For example, motherboard.  An external device is any device that is attached or connected to a computer case. For example, keyboard.  A peripheral device is considered to be any device that is physically located near the computer, and as such is not an essential part of the computer system as a whole. For example, printers.  A network device is actually a peripheral device connected to a computer over a network cable. For example, network printers.  Getting to know computer devices and device drivers  Another category of computer devices is input and output devices.  These devices either create input or output for the computer core architecture.  Lately, with advancements in technology, there are devices that act as an input and output device at the same time.  Touch-enabled devices are an example of input/output devices.  Getting to know computer devices and device drivers  A device driver is a program that acts as a translator between computer hardware and an operating system.  Thus, an OS manages and operates the computer hardware via device drivers.  Usually, device drivers come with installation media (in most cases, a DVD) that accompanies the device, or it can be downloaded from the manufacturer's website as well.  However, do not be surprised if you recently purchased a hardware device and it did not include any installation media with a device driver. This is mostly because the present OSes are Plug and Play (PnP) enabled.  Working with devices and device drivers  Usually, devices in Windows Settings are used to manage devices, while Device Manager is used to manage device drivers.  In Device Manager, depending upon the status of the device driver, note that, other than the proper representation of device drivers, there are also the following representations:  Generic: This indicates that a generic (that is, an alternative) device driver is installed.  A black exclamation point on a yellow triangle: This indicates that either the device driver is missing, or the installed device driver is not the proper one.  A downward black arrow: This indicates a disabled device.  Accessing Devices and Device Manager  To access Devices from Windows Settings, take the following steps: 1. Click the Start button to open the Start menu. 2. On the Start menu, click the Settings icon. 3. In Windows Settings, click Devices.  To access Device Manager from the secret Start menu, take the following steps: 1. Right-click the Start button to open the secret Start menu. 2. In the secret Start menu, select Device Manager. 3. Shortly after, the Device Manager window will open.  Accessing Devices and Device Manager  Adding devices and installing device drivers To add a device using Windows Settings, take the following steps: 1. Click the Start button to open the Start menu. 2. On the Start menu, click the Settings icon. 3. In Windows Settings, click Devices. 4. In the Devices navigation menu, click Bluetooth & other devices. 5. In the Bluetooth & other devices section, click Add Bluetooth or other device to add a device.  Accessing Devices and Device Manager  To install a device driver using a file from installation media or downloaded from the internet, take the following steps: 1. Insert the DVD disk in a DVD drive or locate the downloaded device driver file on your server. 2. Through File Explorer, run the setup or install file. 3. Follow the instructions in Setup or Install Wizard.  Accessing Devices and Device Manager  To update the device driver using Device Manager, take the following steps: 1. Right-click the Start button to open the secret Start menu. 2. In the secret Start menu, select Device Manager. 3. In the Device Manager window, expand the device's category. 4. Right-click the device and select Update driver from the context menu. 5. Select either Search automatically for updated driver software or Browse my computer for driver software.  Accessing Devices and Device Manager  To remove a device using Windows Settings, take the following steps: 1. Click the Start button to open the Start menu. 2. On the Start menu, click the Settings icon. 3. In the Windows Settings, click Devices. 4. In the Devices navigation menu, click Bluetooth & other devices and select the device that you want to remove. 5. Click the Remove device button.  Accessing Devices and Device Manager  To uninstall a device driver using Device Manager, take the following steps: 1. Right-click the Start button to open the secret Start menu. 2. In the secret Start menu, select Device Manager. 3. In the Device Manager window, expand the device's category. 4. Right-click the device and select Uninstall device from the context menu. 5. Click the Uninstall button.  Managing devices and disabling device drivers  To manage a device using Windows Settings, take the following steps: 1. Click the Start button to open the Start menu. 2. On the Start menu, click the Settings icon. 3. In Windows Settings, click Devices. 4. In the Devices navigation menu, click Printers & scanners and select the device that you want to manage. 5. Click the Manage button.  Accessing Devices and Device Manager  To disable a device driver using Device Manager, take the following steps: 1. Right-click the Start button to open the secret Start menu. 2. In the secret Start menu, select Device Manager. 3. In the Device Manager window, expand the device's category. 4. Right-click the device and select Disable device from the context menu. 5. Click the Yes button.  Rolling back device drivers  To roll back a device driver using Device Manager, take the following steps: 1. Right-click the Start button to open the secret Start menu. 2. In the secret Start menu, select Device Manager. 3. In the Device Manager window, expand the device's category. 4. Right-click the device and select Properties. 5. Select the Driver tab and then click the Roll Back Driver button.  Troubleshooting a device driver  If you encounter technical problems with device drivers, then there are several options you can choose to overcome them:  Update driver: This enables you to update the driver automatically or browse your server for driver software.  Roll-back driver: This enables you to roll back the driver if your current driver is causing problems.  Disable driver: This enables you to disable the driver if the current driver is causing major issues, such as server instability.  Uninstall driver: This enables you to uninstall the current driver if you have found the appropriate driver from the device manufacturer.  Getting to know PnP, IRQ, DMA, and driver signing  In computer hardware, devices use system resources to communicate with one another.  Understanding PnP  If you like Windows OS just because it is all about PnP. It all started as a joint project between Intel and Microsoft a long time ago.  Since then, PnP has massively simplified work with devices and device drivers.  As the name suggests, with a PnP-enabled computer, all you need to do is just plug a device into a computer, and then that device is immediately recognized by the Windows OS.  Once the device is identified by the Windows OS, it then uses its Driver Store to install the device driver.  In Windows Server 2019, the Driver Store is located at C:\Windows\System32\DriverStore.  Interrupt Request (IRQ) and Direct Memory Access (DMA)  In modern computers, an (Interrupt Request) IRQ is identified by a decimal number from 0 to 31.  From a technical point of view, it is a signal sent by a device through communication channels in order to get the attention of a processor when that device requires processing.  In contrast, Direct Memory Access DMA, identified by a number from 0 to 8, represents a system resource used by a device to bypass the processor whenever such a device needs direct access to the RAM.  Interrupt Request (IRQ) and Direct Memory Access (DMA)  To view IRQ and DMA resource settings using Device Manager, take the following steps: 1. Right-click the Start button to open the secret Start menu. 2. In the secret Start menu, select Device Manager. 3. In the Device Manager window, expand the device's category. 4. Right-click the device and select Properties from the context menu. 5. Click the Resources tab and check out the Resource settings: section.  Understanding driver signing  Driver signing is a driver's digital signature to identify the publisher of the driver package.  Technically, a driver's digital signature proves that Microsoft has tested and approved the driver package, ensuring that its installation will not cause any reliability or security issues.  To view a driver's digital signing information in Windows Server 2019, take the following steps: 1. Right-click the Start button to open the secret Start menu. 2. In the secret Start menu, select Device Manager. 3. In the Device Manager window, expand the device's category. 4. Right-click the device and select Properties from the context menu. 5. Click the Driver tab and then click the Driver Details button to view the Driver File Details window.  Understanding the registry and services  In many IT books, the Windows Registry is often portrayed as the heart of the Windows OS, and services are referred to as the background programs of the Windows OS.  The Windows Registry and Windows services really make up the Windows OS core architecture.  Understanding the Windows Server registry  Whatever hardware or software change is made to the server is stored on the registry.  The Windows Registry is a hierarchical database that stores the hardware/software configuration and system security information.  Once you access the Windows Registry, you will notice that its console tree (left-hand side) consists of five registry keys known as hives (that is, HKEYs).  The syntax of the registry keys and sub-keys follows the standard of the Windows file path separated by a backslash.  In Windows Server 2019, there are five HKEYs:  HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT: It stores information on installed applications and their extensions.  HKEY_CURRENT_USER: It stores information on the user that is currently logged in.  HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE: It stores information specific to the local computer.  HKEY_USERS: This contains information on logged user profiles.  HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG: This contains information gathered during the boot process.  Understanding Windows Server services  Whether you are running an application or a network service, working behind the scenes are services that support their execution.  These background programs can be started, stopped, restarted, and paused through Services Control Manager.  Getting to know service startup types  When accessing services through Services Control Manager, you will notice that each service has the following startup types:  Automatic: This service starts automatically when the OS starts.  Automatic (Delayed start): This service starts approximately 2 minutes after all marked automatic services have started.  Manual: This service must be started either by a user or dependent services.  Disabled: This service cannot be started by the OS, user, or dependent services.  Working with the registry and services  While Windows Registry is accessed and managed by the Registry Editor,  Windows services are accessed and managed via Control Manager.  Accessing and managing Windows Registry keys and values  To access the Windows Registry using Registry Editor, take the following steps: 1. Click the search box in the taskbar and enter regedit and then press Enter. 2. After a short time, Registry Editor will open.  Modifying a registry value  To modify a registry value using Registry Editor, take the following steps: 1. Click the search box in the taskbar and enter regedit and then press Enter. 2. On the left-hand side of Registry Editor, locate the registry key and its subkey(s). 3. On the right-hand side of Registry Editor, right-click the registry value that you want to change and select Modify.... Renaming a registry value  To rename a registry value using Registry Editor, take the following steps: 1. Click the search box in the taskbar and enter regedit and then press Enter. 2. On the left-hand side of Registry Editor, locate the registry key and its subkey(s). 3. On the right-hand side of Registry Editor, right-click the registry value that you want to rename and select Rename. Deleting a registry value  To delete a registry value using Registry Editor, take the following steps: 1. Click the search box in the taskbar and enter regedit and then press Enter. 2. On the left-hand side of Registry Editor, locate the registry key and its subkey(s). 3. On the right-hand side of Registry Editor, right-click the registry value that you want to delete and select Delete.  Accessing and managing Windows services  To access Windows services, take the following steps: 1. Click the Start button. 2. In the Start menu, select the Windows Administrative Tools option. 3. Scroll down and select Services. 4. Shortly after, the Windows Services Control Manager is displayed. Setting up service recovery options  To set up service recovery options using Control Manager, take the following steps: 1. Click the Start button. 2. In the Start menu, select the Windows Administrative Tools option. 3. Scroll down and select Services. 4. On the right-hand side of the Services window, right-click the service that you want to set up recovery options for. 5. In the context menu, select Properties. 6. From the opened window, click the Recovery tab. 7. Select the computer's response if the service fails by specifying the First Failure, Second Failure, and Subsequent failures actions. 8. Click OK to close the dialog box. Delaying the start of a service  To delay the start of a service using Control Manager, take the following steps: 1. Click the Start button. 2. In the Start menu, select the Windows Administrative Tools. 3. Scroll down and select Services. 4. On the right-hand side of the Services window, right-click the service that you want to delay. 5. In the context menu, select Properties. 6. From the General tab, click the Startup type drop-down list. 7. Select Automatic (Delayed Start). 8. Click OK to close the dialog box. Run as settings for a service  To set up the log on settings for a service using Control Manager, take the following steps: 1. Click the Start button. 2. In the Start menu, select the Windows Administrative Tools. 3. Scroll down and select Services. 4. On the right-hand side of the Services window, right-click the service that you want to delay. 5. In the context menu, select Properties. 6. In the opened window, click the Log On tab. 7. In the Log on as: section, click the This account: option. 8. Enter a user account including the domain with a backslash, and fill in Password and Confirm password. 9. Click OK to close the dialog box. Starting the service  To start the service using Control Manager, take the following steps: 1. Click the Start button. 2. In the Start menu, select the Windows Administrative Tools. 3. Scroll down and select Services. 4. On the right-hand side of the Services window, right-click the service that you want to start. 5. In the context menu, select Start. Stopping a service  To stop a service using Control Manager, take the following steps: 1. Click the Start button. 2. In the Start menu, select Windows Administrative Tools. 3. Scroll down and select Services. 4. On the right-hand side of the Services window, right-click the service that you want to stop. 5. In the context menu, select Stop. Restarting the service  To restart the service using Control Manager, complete the following steps: 1. Click the Start button. 2. In the Start menu, select the Windows Administrative Tools. 3. Scroll down and select Services. 4. On the right-hand side of the Services window, right-click the service that you want to restart. 5. In the context menu, select Restart. Explaining registry entries, service accounts, and dependencies  In most cases, you will end up adding a new registry key or a registry value while fixing an issue or adding a new feature to your Windows Server.  You should always be careful when working with the Windows Registry.  In regard to services, the service account is the Windows Server native account or an account created by you to manage running services.  From a security standpoint, the service account enables services to access both local and network resources.  Explaining registry entries, service accounts, and dependencies  In regard to native accounts that services are running, the following service accounts are available in Windows Server 2019:  Local System: This is a built-in account with the most privileges in a Windows OS. It is also known as a superuser, and this account is more powerful than an admin account.  NT Authority\LocalService: This is a built-in account with the same privileges as members of the users group.  NT Authority\NetworkService: This is a built-in account that has more privileges than members of the users group. Explaining registry entries, service accounts, and dependencies  As far as service dependency is concerned, it happens that applications use more than one service.  That being said, if you try to stop a dependent service, then you need to stop a few others too.  Conversely, if you try to start a dependent service, then a few others will need to be started too. Adding a new registry key  To add a new registry key using Registry Editor, take the following steps: 1. Click the search box in the taskbar and enter regedit and then press Enter. 2. On the left-hand side of Registry Editor, right-click the registry key or its subkey(s). 3. In the context menu, select New | Key. Adding service accounts  To add a service account using Control Manager, take the following steps: 1. Click the Start button. 2. In the Start menu, select the Windows Administrative Tools. 3. Scroll down and select Services. 4. On the right-hand side of the Services window, right-click the service that you want to add a service account too. 5. In the context menu, select Properties. 6. In the Properties window, click the Log On tab. 7. In the Log on as section, select the This account option and click the Browse button. 8. Specify the service account in your organization's Active Directory. 9. Enter the service account password and confirm the password. 10. Click OK to close the Properties window. Adding a service dependency  To add a service dependency using Registry Editor, take the following steps: 1. Click the search box in the taskbar and enter regedit and then press Enter. 2. On the left-hand side of Registry Editor, locate the service (HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\) that you want to add a dependency to. 3. On the right-hand side of it, modify the value if there is a DependOnService value. 4. If not, then right-click in empty space, and select Multi-string value to create a DependOnService value. 5. Rename the DependOnService value with the exact name of the service that you want to create a dependency for. 6. Restart the server. 7. With the Services window open, locate the service that you have created a dependency for and right- click it to select Properties. 8. In the Properties window, click the Dependencies tab to see the added dependency. Understanding Windows Server initial configuration  After setting up the device drivers and ensuring that the OS services are up and running, initial server configuration is a must.  It is an activity that involves changing the server name, joining a domain (this depends on the role of the server), enabling Remote Desktop, setting up a static IP address, changing the time zone, activating Windows Server 2019, turning off Internet Explorer (IE) enhanced security, and checking for updates.  This ensures that the server is ready to take a new role in an organization's IT infrastructure. Getting to know the Windows Server initial configuration  The server's initial configuration is a very important task as it determines the functional status of the server just before taking on the task of adding roles.  Thus, first you will want to set up the IP address, change the time zone, activate your Windows Server 2019, and then proceed with checking for updates, changing the default server name, joining the domain, enabling Remote Desktop, and finally turning off IE enhanced security. Using Server Manager in Desktop Experience  In Desktop Experience, the initial server configuration can be accomplished using Server Manager.  After first logging into Windows Server 2019, Server Manager starts automatically.  It will always start automatically unless you change it.  To run the server's initial configuration using Server Manager in Desktop Experience, click Configure this local server on the WELCOME TO SERVER MANAGER. Using Server Manager in Desktop Experience  Using server configuration in Server Core  In Server Core, the initial server configuration can be accomplished through the Server Configuration tool.  In contrast to Server Manager, the Server Configuration tool is accessed by entering SConfig.cmd at Command Prompt. Exercise: Performing an initial Windows Server configuration  Refer to the textbook from page 118 to 132.