LU 7.pptx

ESCM 2724 SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT PROF C HENDRIKS LU 7 INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT Learning outcomes identify the factors that distinguish international transport from domestic transport; describe the ways in which the five different modes of transport operate internati...

ESCM 2724 SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT PROF C HENDRIKS LU 7 INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT Learning outcomes identify the factors that distinguish international transport from domestic transport; describe the ways in which the five different modes of transport operate internationally; identify the operating and non-operating service providers in international transport, and describe their respective functions; THE AIR CARRIERS INVOLVED IN INTERNATIONAL FREIGHT TRANSPORT 18.2.2.1 Air parcel postal services Provided by public mail service of a country restricted to 32 kg 18.2.2.2 Courier and express services Main characteristic short transit time (often next day) less than 32 kg 18.2.2.3 Passenger–freight services Transport of passengers THE AIR CARRIERS INVOLVED IN INTERNATIONAL FREIGHT TRANSPORT 18.2.2.4 Freight aircraft Larger hatch openings, freight compartments and higher floor-bearing ratings than passenger aircraft 18.2.3 Non-operating service providers (two groups) 18.2.3.1 Airfreight forwarders and air freight brokers Freight brokers typically only arrange transportation and manage the shipping process. In contrast, freight forwarders offer a wider range of services, including booking cargo space and preparing customs documents. THE AIR CARRIERS INVOLVED IN INTERNATIONAL FREIGHT TRANSPORT 18.2.4 Freight handling Airfreight corresponds to the shape of an aircraft’s cabin and is known as unit load devices (ULDs) See Figure 18.1 Three types of ULD containers in the textbook 8.3 INTERNATIONAL ROAD TRANSPORT Standardising and harmonising are required to create efficient and effective cross-border road transport. Pertinent factors below requires standardizing and harmonising adoption of compatible traffic management systems, especially relating to vehicle roadworthiness, vehicle and driver licensing, gross vehicle and axle mass limits, and maximum vehicle dimensions; border-crossing arrangements and dwell time caused by customs policies; traffic signage and control; road design standards, e.g. minimum pavement strengths to allow for heavy hauls, and minimum lane widths to allow for the transport of large freight items; truck stops and resting facilities for crew; the availability of emergency and communication operations and systems; and vehicle repairs, maintenance, recovery and other emergency services. 8.3 INTERNATIONAL ROAD TRANSPORT Rail transport participates in international transport in three ways, namely 1) rail operations between different countries within a land mass or region; (SADC is a regional economic community comprising 15 member states, all of them bound by agreement to rail transport cooperation). 2) long-distance rail operations between an inland location and a port of import and/or export; and 3) land-bridge rail operations across a land mass connecting to a seaport at both trip ends. (Rail operations across a land mass connecting to a seaport at both trip ends is an intermodal form of cooperation between rail transport operators and ocean carriers) 18.5INTERNATIONAL PIPELINE TRANSPORT Overland as well as under the sea Overland between SA and Namibia, Lesotho and Zimbabwe Under the sea Scandinavian countries and Europe 18.6 INTERNATIONAL SEA TRANSPORT 18.6.2 The ships involved in international sea transport The most prominent types of ships involved in sea transport are:(1) bulk carriers (covering dry- bulk carriers, tankers and multipurpose bulk carriers (so-called oil-bulk-ore (OBO) vessels)) (2) container vessels; (3) conventional cargo vessels (i.e. traditional freighters) (4) roll-on/roll-off (ro-ro) ships; (5) combination vessels; (6) lighter-aboard ships (LASH); and (7) livestock carriers 18.6.3THE CARRIERS INVOLVED IN INTERNATIONAL SEA TRANSPORT a) liner operators (b) charter ship operators (also known as tramp-ship operators) (c) private ship operators (i.e. ancillary or own ship operators)