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READING VISUAL ARTS AH4 WEEK 1 MR. DERICK P. LABUGUEN  Understanding the Realm UNIT 1: of Reading Visual Arts This unit introduces the course syllabus to generate your self- paced plan for learning the subject.  This also debugs common myths about the Visual Arts profes...

READING VISUAL ARTS AH4 WEEK 1 MR. DERICK P. LABUGUEN  Understanding the Realm UNIT 1: of Reading Visual Arts This unit introduces the course syllabus to generate your self- paced plan for learning the subject.  This also debugs common myths about the Visual Arts profession to help them realize the relevance of the course to you, as learners, and as an individual for our everyday lives. INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES: ✓ Identify common beliefs about visual artists ✓ Discuss misconceptions about their profession ESSENTIAL TERMS: Reading. A particular form of visual practice. Reading the Visual. We draw on our general and specific knowledge, tastes, habits, and personal context. Visual Culture. Its concentration is on the interface between images and viewers rather than on artists and works. Spectatorship. the state of being present at, and looking at, a show or a spectacle Visual Matter. They represent a powerful way to communicate and explain something. Semiotics. It is a research methodology that examines the use of signs in society. Sign. It is a basic unit of communication Text. The name of a group of sign- a collection of signs organized in a particular way to make meaning. Context. This means the environment in which a text occurs, and communication takes place.  THE ACTIVITY WHAT IS READING VISUAL ARTS? OF SEEING The visual arts embody: Planning and taking a photograph spiritual They function as an important communication system through which unreflective activity and meanings are construed in ways that are even below the level of different from other language systems. consciousness cultural physical taking a photograph is usually a conscious, deliberate, and Self- reflective activity Aspect of life  SEEING AS READING We see things we actively engage with our Every act of looking and environment rather than merely reproducing seeing is also an act of not everything within our line of sight. 3Main Points in seeing something that Seeing as Reading: must remain invisible if we are to pay attention to other things in view, SEEING AS CONSCIOUS OR UNCONSCIOUS If a subject does not construct a rich mental model or scene, then reading or problem-solving cannot occur. Without a visual model, there will be nothing to think about.  SEEING IN CONTEXT Seeing’s context focuses on how the environment affects how we see everything – TECHNIQUES OF SEEING AS READING How and why people see things in particular ways, and we have referred to habitus, cultural trajectory, and cultural literacy most important factors in determining what we see 1. SELECTION AND OMISSION The first and most important techniques of reading the visual as we pointed out that every act of looking and seeing is also an act of not seeing  Either way, these acts of selection, omission, framing, and evaluation produce a visual text. ▪ What is Art? Why art is important? What are the common misconceptions about visual artists? What is the relevance of course to the learners? Why ART is important? Art in some form or another has existed as long as man. It is a part of our daily lives and is present in cultures across the world. Most people have an appreciation for art. They enjoy observing it or creating it, they may even support it financially or by volunteering. Art is integral in our culture because it provides us with a deeper understanding of emotions, self-awareness, and more. The following are reasons why everyone needs art in their lives. Pre-Assessment 1. Read and analyze the following, and write your answer or the KEYWORDS after each number. Man is primarily a social being. He must communicate with others. Art speaks about feelings, history, morals, philosophy, religion, ideas, and values. It can be the expression of an individual artist or a group. Answer: Art Communicates 1. ____________________________________________________ When we create art we make decisions throughout the entire process. When we view art we make decisions on how to interpret what we are seeing. We use logic and reason to attribute meaning to what we see or what we create. Because art has such an emotional connection to us, these choices are passionate to us. We learn to defend them and explain them to others. Art not only helps strengthen our critical thinking skills but improves the way we communicate our thoughts and emotions to others. “Frontliner “ Watercolour Derick Labuguen  2. ____________________________________________________ “Frontliner “ Watercolour Derick Labuguen It gives society a boost. The society in which we live is a product of creativity and innovation. Human society is moving forward because it creates. We all attach a connection between art and creativity. It can open new unknown paths. 3. ____________________________________________________ Man needs to know his past, his roots. Adopted people want to know who their biological parents are, and from where they come from. The same is happening to humanity in general. It tells us about history, thoughts, values, and feelings. Art shows the spirit of culture in a certain period in a certain place (space). If we know the art history, we know the human being and the world in which he lives. “Frontliner “ Watercolour Derick Labuguen 4. ____________________________________________________ We are more than flesh and blood, we have a spirit that feels, learns, and reflects. We reflect to get to know, to make decisions or to avoid mistakes, to deepen. Art lets us reflect, observe, and exchange ideas. It raises the level of consciousness, an intellectual activity that enriches the culture of thought. “I think a piece of art should let the viewer be confused, meditate on the meaning of life.” (Antoni Tapies, Spanish Painter) “Repentance “ Watercolour Derick Labuguen 5. ____________________________________________________ An artwork is exclusive and unique, there is no one the same. This gives it a special character and a higher value. We consider many artists as geniuses. Man loves to surround himself with beautiful, exciting, interesting, valuable things. In today’s society where everything is personalized, our diet, our sport, our taste for art define us as well. We want to hang on the walls of our house the art of which we love. We want to enrich our home, and show our tastes and ways of thinking. “Koi “ Watercolour Derick Labuguen 6. ____________________________________________________ It gives us energy; it can be the spark to create new ideas. The arts inspired each other, music inspired the film industry, architecture- inspired fashion, and paintings inspired writers in their novels. “Peoples Park! “ Watercolour Derick Labuguen 7. ____________________________________________________ In the globalized world in which we live, with so many different languages and cultures, art unites us, it is understandable to humans, regardless of the language they speak. Art is a universal language because it tells us about human agreements/generosities. Art marks the similarities indicate the common. 8. ____________________________________________________ Through art, we gain a better understanding of cultures in the past, but it also gives us insight into various cultures of the present day. There are no distance or language barriers in art, it is universal. By observing the creations of people from other cultures we can gain a better understanding of their lives. Through art, we are able to get a glimpse of another person’s existence through their eyes. It is a powerful tool that can improve communication and relationships between cultures. “Dumagat “ Watercolour Derick Labuguen 9. ____________________________________________________ A work of art enriches, gives us joy and any emotion, speaks of essences, teaches, and reflects life and reality; art makes us people. “The first merit of a painting is a feast for the eye.” Eugene Delacroix, (French painter) “People Park II “ Watercolour Derick Labuguen 10. ____________________________________________________ It makes you feel good about yourself. It allows you to showcase your talent which shows that there is something special about you. “Driseil “ Watercolour Derick Labuguen 11. ____________________________________________________ Just a few hours of art will help you relieve stress and give you happiness. With that, your mind will be clear, and that would help you focus on your studies and get good grades. “Peoples Park III “ Watercolour Derick Labuguen Lesson 1: Debugging the “Myth of Starving Artist”. Starving Artists  Vincent van Gogh, - Post-Impressionism, which became popular when his work gained acceptance.  It is very common in the Filipino culture, that parents used to tell their children that there is no money in art, especially for students dreaming of courses like fine arts, mass media, and the like. Suffering and Starving Artist cultural and societal common concepts We live surrounded by people who used to tell us this. People that are very concerned about money or a “real job”. And the examples of jobs in the Philippines (and maybe in other countries too), as perceived by most of our parents are doctors, Engineers, Teachers, and other licensed professionals. In short, no ART, pure science.  In 1995, an American professor, Rab Hatfield made an unusual discovery at Syracuse University in Florence while he was trying to match the scenes of the Sistine Chapel to the dates Image 1 Sistine Chapel Ceiling by Michelangelo Michelangelo had painted each of them. For centuries, historians believed that the Florentine Press, Firenze 2007 great Renaissance master Michelangelo was just another Starving Artist, struggling to make ends meet. Michelangelo himself embraced this image, living frugally and often complaining about money. He once wrote in a poem that his art had left him “poor, old, and working as a servant of others.” But it turns out he was not telling the truth. Image 2 https://www.history.com /news/9-things-you-may- not-know-about-Michelangelo  When Rab Hatfield dug into old bank records, the truth about the Renaissance’s most famous artist was finally revealed. He was not struggling at all. He was not poor, and he was not starving for his art—a fact we have been getting wrong ever since.  Renaissance’s most famous artist was, in fact, very rich. One record Professor Hatfield found showed a balance of hundreds of thousands of dollars, which was a rare sum of money for an artist at the time. So, let’s all forget about the Sistine Chapel. While Professor Hatfield went to see if there were more bank records, and there were more—many more. In the end, he uncovered a fortune worth roughly $47 million today, making Michelangelo the richest artist of the Renaissance. Therefore, some artists are not starving. And this starving artist story is a myth. Asocial construction is created by the authority to segue their loved one’s dream of becoming an actress to become a doctor instead. Why? Because the latter is more utilitarian than the former. The Myth of the Starving Artist You Have to Starve to Be an Artist “Real Artists Don’t Starve” (Jeff Goins)  But at the same time, what writer, designer, or musician wants to be irrelevant or ignored? Who longs for their work to not be discovered? Doesn’t your best work deserve to be heard and seen and even compensated? Creatives are afraid that in caring too much about marketing or business, they will somehow lose the purity of their art. And that’s a valid concern, but not an entirely rational one. If you want to avoid the trap of becoming a starving artist, you must face three important myths about what it means to be creative.  Myth #1: You Have to Starve to Be an Artist Many of us have this idea that the more impoverished and unpopular a creative person is, the better his work will be. But what if that just wasn’t true? We rally around underground musicians and pride ourselves in listening to those who eventually become popular “before they went mainstream.” There’s something about obscurity that we love in art. Sometimes, maybe even often, our suspicions prove correct and the commercial art isn’t as good as what comes out of Bohemia. But as a whole, this is a limiting belief. Real Artists Don’t Starve, art does not have to be obscure to be meaningful and you don’t have to starve to be an artist. Art does not have to be obscure to be meaningful. In fact, studies have revealed that the portrait of the starving artist is a myth. Sure, some artists were not wealthy. But others were rich and comfortable, like many members of the Bloomsbury Group. When we hold in our minds a certain ideal of what a creative person should look or act like, we put unnecessary obstacles in our path and do a disservice to the magic of creativity.  Myth #2: Artists Shouldn’t Care About Marketing What, then, of obscurity and “art for art’s sake”? Is this an ideal worth holding onto, or does it hold us back from our best work? When a creative cares about marketing, are they selling out? Marketing isn’t evil. At least, it doesn’t have to be. Marketing is only evil when people use it for evil causes. The good artist serves the audience, the bad artist exploits it. Of course, there is a problem with caring too much about what people think about your work. The best work does not come as a result of giving the market exactly what it wants, but by sometimes subverting their expectations in exchange for something better. People tend to evaluate their experiences of a product or service based on what is expected, so we need to understand how we are serving the needs of others. But we cannot stop there. Innovation begins with identifying people’s expectations and ends with exceeding those expectations.  Myth #3: Making Money Making Art Is Bad And now, what about money? Should we care about the bottom line or just about being creative? The answer is a little complicated, but here’s the good news: You don’t have to be sleazy to succeed. Money makes a better means than a master’s. When you leverage the systems available to you to create enduring work, as Jim Henson did, you create the kind of art that impacts a culture. You join the ranks of what I call the New Renaissance, those who were able to change the world by being both creative and entrepreneurial. It’s a challenge to be both a marketer and an artist, but one worth embracing.  Where Do We Go from Here? The opportunity to do creative work that both pays the bills and gets noticed is unprecedented in our world today — as long as we are willing to challenge preconceived notions about what it means to be creative. With access to tools and technology we’ve never had before, this is truly the best time to be creative. It’s also the best time for companies and organizations to leverage the advantages of creative people.  Jeff Goins suggests doing these actions by: 1. Let go of the starving artist stereotype. -It is just not helpful. Creativity can come from all socioeconomic levels. And just because an idea comes from a more obscure place does not necessarily make it better. 2. Use the advantages of art to earn the attention of an audience. -Then serve that audience with empathy. You will have a built-in market that will help you innovate and grow much more quickly.  3. Use money as a means, not a master. -Do not make art to make money. Make money to make more art. Use business to create meaning in the world and to help that work spread. To ignore the opportunity of the age in which we live is to do a great disservice to the work of those who have come before us, who paved the way with their innovation and courage. And if we leverage these tools in ways that do not compromise our character, we honor their legacy. Based on a survey of over 1300 art graduates in America, 92% found work after they graduated and those employed in their creative interest were “very satisfied” with their job (Brummer, n.d.) Meaning, Most Art Graduates are not jobless. THANK YOU for LISTENING UNIT 2 Introduction to Art and the Visual Arts & The Distinction of Arts and Visual Arts INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES: ✓ Gain an understanding of the concept of visual arts. ✓ Explore the characteristics of the various forms of visual art What Is Visual Art?  Painting Drawing Sculpture Printmaking Music What Is Fine Art? Theater Dance Literature Literature  ART How does art differ from craft? CRAFT Art serves an aesthetic purpose raft serves a human purpose.  The distinction of Arts and Visual Arts THE DISCIPLINES OF VISUAL ARTS Effect Materials used. Anything that we can see can be considered as visual art, but visual arts have Clay distinction and that includes fine art. Fine Art Textiles Fine art, often labeled as "high art," stands as the Glass pinnacle of artistic expression, emphasizing Quilt aesthetics over Artist: Lucy Mingo functionality Jewelry Author: User “Billvolckening” Source: Wikimedia Commons License: CC BY-SA 4.0 Quilts are now thought to qualify as fine art. Fine art, on the other hand, results from a free and open-ended exploration that does not depend on a pre-determined formula for its outcome or validity. Its outcome is surprising and original. Almost all fine art objects are a combination of some level both of craft and art. Art stands on craft but goes beyond it. (Sachant, Blood, LeMieux, & Tekippe)  Effect Materials used: They were referred to as decorative arts, Ceramic suggesting that they were primarily ornamental: applied arts, suggesting that they were metalwork fundamentally utilitarian: and even minor arts, suggesting that they were inherently less important. (Getlein, 2010). furniture Decorative Arts jewelry The decorative arts are arts or crafts whose object is the design fashion and manufacture of objects that Figure 8. Tiered picnic box. Japan, are both beautiful and functional. late 17th century. textile Wood, black lacquer,gold hiramaki-e, silvepowder, and shell;103/4x103/4x15”. The British Museum, London. glassware  Introduction to Art and Visual Arts Figure 5. Zeuxis conceding defeat: “I have deceived the birds, but Parhassios has deceived Zeuxis.” The ancient Greeks felt that Artist: Joachim von Sandrart; the visual artist aimed to engraving by Johann Jakob von Sandrart Author: User “Fae” copy visual experience. Source: Wikimedia Commons This approach appears in License: Public Domain the realism of ancient Greek sculpture and pottery. The ancient Greek’s definition of art as mimesis,  Jackson Pollock (1912-1956, SA), “copying reality” has a problem, simple copying— though.Jackson Pollock (1912- does not 1956, SA), sufficiently define art. Pollock and his fellow artists would consciously avoid making marks or passages that resembled recognizable objects.  Russian author Leo Tolstoy Russian author Leo Tolstoy. Tolstoy wrote on many subjects and is the author of the great novel War and Peace (1869). “Art is a human activity consisting of this, that one man consciously uses certain external signs, hands-on to other feelings he has lived through, and that these feelings infect others and also experience them.”  1913 English art critic Clive Bell 1913 English art critic Clive Bell proposed that art is a significant form or the “quality that brings us aesthetic pleasure. Art is a significant form or the “quality that brings us aesthetic pleasure.” Bell stated, “To appreciate a work of art we need to bring with us nothing but a sense of form and colour.”  One definition of art widely held today was first promoted in the 1960s by American philosophers George Dickie and Arthur Danto, and is called the institutional theory of art, or the “Artworld” theory. Unfortunately, this definition gets us no further along because it is not about art at all! Instead, it is about who has the power to define art, which is a political issue, not an aesthetic one. Arthur Danto The power of defining what is art and what is not art is very visible today, and there should be someone (could be an authority, someone with an educational background, or someone held by the public) to verify that something is art.  Art matters because it is seen not as an ‘extra’ but as an extension of our sentient and mindful being. We, as humans, are natural gatherers of information, and visual arts offer a glance of enormous information triggered and guided by previous experiences or expectations.  In the 1980s, in efforts to answer if visual arts contribute to cognition, Howard Gardner and Elliot Eisner has points of view. Howard Gardner and Elliot Eisner have points of view. He suggested that a wider representation of the various intelligence or symbol systems would widen the range of cognitive abilities exercised, bringing a degree of balance to the curriculum. 7 bits of intelligence identified by Howard Gardner Visual / Spatial Intelligence Ability to perceive the visual. Verbal / Linguistic Intelligence Ability to use words and language. Logical / Mathematical Intelligence Ability to use reason, logic, and numbers. Bodily / Kinesthetic Intelligence Ability to control body movements and handle objects skillfully Musical / Rhythmic Intelligence Ability to produce and appreciate music. Interpersonal Intelligence Ability to relate and understand others. Intrapersonal Intelligence Ability to self-reflect and be aware of one's inner state of being.  Contemporary Art There is no dominant definition of contemporary art. But the known definition is as “art that has been and continues to be created during our lifetime. (Pantelic,2016) “Art that has been and continues to be created during our lifetime. (Pantelic,2016) We should understand that Contemporary art also aims to understand the present, but the present itself is now more I pray with all of my love for tulips, fragmented and shapeshifting. installation view at National Museum of Art, Osaka YAYOI KUSAMA Thank You Po!!! UNIT 3 Subjects and Uses of Arts throughout History Introduction This unit deals with the various subjects of art used in different periods and locations and how they are used as a representation. It also tackles the different characteristics of art and the style projected by the artist in making their works. INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES: ✓ To know what Iconography and its significance is ✓ Compare and contrast the arts for the different eras about the various subjects used ✓ Analysed the important characteristics of the different periods and their effects on arts  Subjects and Their Uses in Art Iconography -Significance of Iconography Elements and Principles of Art Subjects and Their Uses in Art Subject refers to what an artwork is all about. It is varied because it pertains to anything such as a person, object, scene, or event portrayed in art. Compositions: Composition is an element of artwork which allows artists to direct the viewers’ eye and have an effect on the emotional feel of their work.  Movement in composition is about directing the eye to follow a single flowing line or several Movement in Composition lines in a work of art Using proximity lets us create relationships between different objects, allowing us to control the eye Proximity in Composition throughout a work of art. Rhythm in composition is about using similar shaped elements to lead the eye from one item to another Rhythm in Composition often in a fast or rapid succession, boxing the viewer into the work of art by driving the eye throughout the painting but not away from it. Contrast in Composition Contrast is created when there are conflicting elements in a piece of art. This, often dramatic, technique contrasts light and dark values, complementary colors, as well as contrasting shapes to create moods and lead the eye where the artist desires. Types of Artistic Emphasis allows us to create a main or initial focal point in a work of art; a place where the viewers’ eye is Emphasis in Composition Composition led to or a place which will initially grab the viewers’ attention. Balance in Composition Art with a balance in composition will have people, objects, colors, and sizes balanced between a fulcrum which is often the center of the work. Variety in composition is visually interesting and engaging due to the use of different forms or types of objects as Variety in Composition well as utilizing a variety of contrasting shapes, colors, and/or values. Unity is another combination composition method where the artist is trying to evoke feelings of completeness Unity in Composition or equilibrium from the viewer by the placement and positioning of its different elements. Unity and Variety go hand in hand. ICONOGRAPHY Iconography is the containment of deeper meanings in simple representations. Iconography is a particular type of image used by an artist to convey a particular meaning.  1. pre-iconographic description. The most fundamental step, identifying the components in a picture. (Panofsky 1982, p. 33). 2. Iconographical analysis. In iconographic analyses, art historians look at the icons or symbols in a work to discover the work's original meaning or intent. 3. Iconological interpretation. wherein one synthesizes the materials collected from the iconographical analysis with knowledge of the period in which the picture was created. To check the sanity of one’s interpretation, Iconography is a method of examining, categorizing, and interpreting imagery. As viewers of visual arts, iconography is out the most common way to interpret images, when we see an image, we examine it by looking at it, observing parts and possible symbols we are familiar with.  Jan van Eyck’s, Arnolfini Portrait was painted in 1434. This is not a painting of an actual scene, but an image constructed to communicate specific things. Jan van Eyck, Arnolfini Portrait, 1434, oil on canvas. Work is in the public domain  The bride holds her garment in front of her belly in order to appear pregnant. 2. The little dog at her feet is a symbol of fidelity and is often seen with portraits of women paid for by their husbands.  3.The discarded shoes are often a symbol of the sanctity of marriage. 4.The single candle lit in the daylight (look at the chandelier) is a symbol of the bridal candle, a devotional candle that was to burn all night the first night of the marriage 5. The chair back has a carving of St. Margaret, the patron saint of childbirth.  6. The orange on the windowsill and the rich clothing are symbols of future material wealth (in 1434 oranges were hand carried from India and very expensive) and fertility. 7. The circular mirror at the back reflects both the artist and another man, and the artist’s signature reads, “Jan van Eyck was present”—both are witnesses to the betrothal in the picture. (We don’t think of this much anymore, but a promise to marry was a legal contract). The circular forms around the mirror are tiny paintings of the Stations of the Cross– moments near the end of the life of Jesus Different Kinds of Subject in Arts Narrative Art This kind of art tells a story as a sequence of events or as a moment in an ongoing story.. Nudism The art of nudism started way back in the upper Paleolithic period showing the image of fertility deities. Unclothed human body. Religious Art Most of the world’s religions use art for worship, for preaching, to inspire feelings of devotion, and to convert non-believers.. Personification and Allegory Talking about personification means talking about allegory because texts and images which are considered allegories often containing personifications.  Genre Usual ways and performing daily tasks were mostly shown in paintings. “Day Off” Watercolor by Derick Labuguen  Portraiture The portrait is a painting of a human figure maybe the face, a bust figure, or a full figure. It may show a single person or a group of people standing, sitting, or in motion. Photograph by: Derick P. Labuguen  Nature Natural and physical environment, consisting of seascapes, landscapes, and cityscapes. Photograph by: Derick Labuguen  Still Life Objects are usually arranged in an indoor setting. “Tinapay at Kape” watercolor by: Derick P. Labuguen Protest Art This art as a form of disagreement was used by the artists in expressing their discontentment and disapproval against the tyranny of governance. Fantasy Art Is an art of imagination, since the subjects drawn here are far from reality. Abstract and Non-Objective Art Abstract art is just the same as Non-Objective art in the sense that both do not present descriptions, stories, or references to identifiable objects or symbols. READING VISUAL ARTS AH4 WEEK 4 MR. DERICK P. LABUGUEN UNIT 4 Continuation of UNIT 3 HISTORY OF ART INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES: ✓ Discuss how prehistoric people used art to depict everyday lives. ✓ Explain how art is linked with religion in early Egyptian civilizations. ✓ Identify the underlying history and philosophy of the era or movement.  Ancient civilizations initiated the study of art history by depicting subject matter that was culturally significant to them. Since then, numerous art movements have arisen, each showcasing distinct styles and characteristics influenced by the period in which they emerged. Having a grasp of these key art movements is beneficial whether you are an art collector or simply appreciate renowned artists. Art History Timeline  The art genres from the Renaissance to Modernism have undeniably left a lasting impact on history. Artists like Banksy, Kerry James Marshall, Mickalene Thomas, and Kehinde Wiley infuse art historical references into their contemporary works. Understanding the historical context and significance is crucial for collectors and art enthusiasts. Below is a comprehensive art movement timeline that explores the characteristics, leading contributors, and important influences of each prominent period in Western art history  Lascaux cave paintings, Paleolithic era Art – is passed on from generation to generation. proven facts Art - earliest activities of man documents and remains tangible or intangible Art history of the past. development from prehistoric times to the contemporary. STORYTELLING Pop LifeZodiac Pictures, Los Angeles August 18 – September 15, 2024  Prehistoric Art The cave paintings are the earliest evidence of artistic expression and have been found on almost every continent. 40,000–4,000 B.C. Hunting magic, shamanism, and spiritual/religious rituals are the most commonly proposed interpretations. One of the great bison paintings in Lascaux cave paintings, Paleolithic era Altamira, Spain, photo from the Museo de Altamira y D. Rodríguez, via Wikimedia Commons VENUS OF WILLENDORF A doll, a holy fertility symbol, a Lascaux Caves, portrait, a teaching tool, erotica. France, via travelrealfrance.com Giant deer bone of Einhornhöhle c. 49,000 BC; Megaloceros bone; Einhornhöhle, Germany Giant deer bone of Einhornhöhle c. 49,000 BC; Megaloceros bone; Einhornhöhle, Germany Löwenmensch; c. 41,000–35,000 BC; Hohlenstein-Stadel caves Swabian Jura, Germany Löwenmensch; c. 41,000–35,000 BC; Hohlenstein- Stadel caves Swabian Jura, Germany Painting of rhinoceroses; c. 32,000–14,000 BC; charcoal on rock; length: c. 2 m; Chauvet Cave (Ardèche, France) Painting of rhinoceroses; c. 32,000–14,000 BC; charcoal on rock; length: c. 2 m; Chauvet Cave (Ardèche, France)  Ancient Art Art from this period varied in medium depending on the civilization. Most 30,000 B.C.–A.D. 400 pieces served similar purposes: telling stories, decorating utilitarian objects, displaying religious and symbolic imagery, and demonstrating social status. Many works depicted stories of rulers, gods, and goddesses. (discover hidden knowledge by occult or supernatural means.) Alexander the Great (left), wearing a kausia and fighting an Asiatic lion Bull's head ornament from a lyre; 2600–2350 BC; bronze inlaid with shell and lapis lazuli; Unknown, Code of Hammurabi, circa with his friend Craterus; late 4th century BC; mosaic; Archaeological height: 13.3 cm, width: 10.5 cm; Metropolitan Museum of Art 1792 and circa 1750 B.C. Image Museum of Pella (Pella, Greece) via Wikimedia Commons.  Medieval Art Janus Two-headed Janus, who sees forward and backward, a During the Middle Ages, also known as the "Dark Ages," there was a decline in personification of the month of A.D. 500–A.D. 1400 January; Romanesque high-relief economy and culture after the fall of the Roman Empire in 476 A.D. Artwork stone sculpture, in the Museo del often featured dark and brutal imagery and was centered around the Church. Duomo, Ferrara, Italy. SCALA/Art Resource, New York More elaborate decorations and biblical or mythological scenes emerged as the millennium progressed. DETAILS Credit: Manfred Gottschalk Creative #: 683844996 License type: Royalty-free Collection: Stone Max file size: 4773 x 4024 px (15.91 x 13.41 in) - 300 dpi - 12 MB Upload date: Byzantine monumental Church June 09, 2017 Kiss Of Judas – Giotto, 1306 Location: mosaics are one of the great achievements of medieval art. These Chartres, Centre-Val de Loire, are from Monreale in Sicily from the France late 12th century. Release info: No release required Categories: Stock Photos|Chartres Cathedral  The Renaissance brought about a new perspective and a revival of classical learning. It redefined artistic Renaissance Art standards, drawing on classical ideals, and encouraged a more naturalistic portrayal of the CHARACTERISTICS human figure through scientific inquiry. Natural elements, individualism, realism, attention-to-detail, precision of human anatomy INFLUENTIAL WORKS LEADING CONTRIBUTORS Leonardo da VinciMona Lisa, 1503 1400–1600 Michelangelo David, 1504 Leonardo da Vinci Raphael The School of Athens, 1511 Michelangelo Raphael Michelangelo David, 1504 Raphael The School of Athens, 1511 Leonardo da VinciMona Lisa, 1503 David by Donatello, 1428-32  Post-Renaissance Art  In the 18th century, two art movements emerged: Neoclassicism and Romanticism. Neoclassicism aimed to revive Greek and Roman influences in 1700–1800 art and architecture, characterized by order, symmetry, and simplicity. Details Title: The Spring Creator Lifespan: 1780 - 1867 Creator Nationality: French Creator Gender: Male Date Created: 1820 - 1856 Provenance: Bequest of the Countess Duchâtel, 1878 Physical Dimensions: w80 x h163 cm Painter: Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres Original Title: La Source Credit Line: © RMN (Musée d'Orsay) / Hervé Lewandowski Type: Oil on canvas Rights: © RMN (Musée “Apollo and Art History, d'Orsay) / Hervé Daphne” by Giovanni Lorenzo Lewandowski French painter, Géricault, Bernini. Location: Galleria Raft of Medusa External Link: Borghese, Rome https://www.musee- orsay.fr/en/collections  Modern Art  Modern artists don't copy reality; they 1860s to the 1970s, manipulate colors and flatten images, avoiding depth and distance. This era didn't bring much innovation, focusing on reviving old styles instead of creating new ones. Salvador Dalí The Persistence of Memory, 1931 The Museum of Modern Art Vincent van Gogh, Self-Portrait as a Painter, 1888 A Sunday on La Grande Jatte A c. 1880 self-portrait in oils Post-Impressionist, Synthetist, Georges Seurat1884-1886 Self-Portraits Vincent made many self-portraits to by Paul Cézanne (1839- and Symbolist, practise his skills as apainter. 1906),  Digital art relies on technology for presentation. It allows instant sharing on websites and through social media and offers creative freedom through the ability to manipulate moving images. Digital Art Written by Daisie Team Leaf Man Digital Art Photography Published on 19 June 2023 File: 5824x3264px / JPG Base model: Midjourney 5.2 Attribution: RequiredHow to attribute? License: FreeMore info  Contemporary art is constantly evolving, influenced by diverse ideas and theories about art. It incorporates multimedia and offers artists a wide range of mediums to choose from, including television, photography, cinema, digital technology, performance, and everyday objects. Contemporary Art Man walking in Dia: Beacon with Dan Flavin installation work. Photo by Ying Cao Woman looking at Jenny Saville painting in Contemporary art gallery. Jeff Koons Balloon Dog in Contemporary Art gallery.  Figure 43 Installation Art Figure 42 Land Art Figure 41 Pop Art “We don’t make mistakes, just happy little accidents.” – Bob Ross Thank You!!! READING VISUAL ARTS AH4 WEEK 5 MR. DERICK P. LABUGUEN UNIT 5 Continuation of UNIT 5  Asian Art During the rise of Asia's ancient civilizations, trade between the region's nations became important as they began to exchange ideas and ideas. A common feature of Chinese and Japanese art is the representation of the majority of their activities and beliefs via various works of art. Their artistic creations serve as tangible representations of their collective cultural identity. While both of these nations were open to incorporating Western concepts into their works, China stuck to some traditional artistic ideals. Asian artists have created items with political and religious overtones since their work is primarily concerned with cultural, philosophical, and religious links. East Asian Art China: Known for its ancient bronzes, jade carvings, silk paintings, and calligraphy. Traditional Chinese art often features elements like landscapes, figures, and motifs from mythology and literature. Japan: Famous for its ukiyo-e woodblock prints, traditional ink painting, and ceramics. Japanese art is often characterized by its attention to detail, minimalism, and use of natural themes. Korea: Renowned for its celadon ceramics, intricate painting, and unique architectural styles. Korean art often integrates Confucian ideals and shamanistic elements. South Asian Art India: Rich in diversity, Indian art includes ancient sculptures, temple carvings, Mughal miniatures, and vibrant textiles. It often reflects religious themes from Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism. Nepal: Known for its intricate metalwork, paubha (scroll paintings), and traditional wood carvings. Nepalese art is deeply influenced by both Hinduism and Buddhism. Sri Lanka: Features ancient sculptures, frescoes, and intricate stone carvings that reflect Buddhist themes. Southeast Asian Art Thailand: Famous for its intricate temple architecture, traditional Thai paintings, and detailed sculptures of Buddha. Cambodia: Known for the Angkor Wat temple complex and other ancient Khmer architecture and art. Indonesia: Features a rich array of traditional arts, including batik textiles, wayang kulit (shadow puppetry), and intricate wood carvings.  Central Asian Art Mongolia: Traditional art includes elaborate tapestries, sculptures, and textiles reflecting the nomadic lifestyle and shamanistic beliefs. Uzbekistan: Known for its exquisite tilework, ceramics, and architectural designs from the Silk Road era. Each of these regions has contributed significantly to the global art landscape, offering unique perspectives and aesthetics that continue to influence artists and art lovers around the world. American Art American and European painters continued to explore with abstraction at this time, another set of artists chose to focus on American motifs and realistic methods, or "American scene arts." Although the two organizations' methods differed, they both felt strongly about their cause and the American landscape as a whole. The Regionalists, one of the two factions, emphasized rural settings and American values. The Social Realists, the second group, on the other hand, were motivated to advance social justice via their artistic creations. Movements in American art: Colonial and Early American Art: In the 17th and 18th centuries, American art was heavily influenced by European styles. Portraiture was especially popular, with artists like John Singleton Copley and Gilbert Stuart capturing the likenesses of prominent figures of the time.  19th Century: This century saw the rise of several significant movements: Hudson River School: A group of landscape painters such as Thomas Cole and Frederick Edwin Church who celebrated the American wilderness and its sublime beauty. American Realism: Artists like Thomas Eakins and Winslow Homer focused on realistic depictions of everyday life and natural scenes. Ashcan School: Known for its gritty portrayal of urban life, with artists like George Bellows and Robert Henri capturing the vibrancy and struggles of city life. Early 20th Century: This period was marked by experimentation and the emergence of new styles: Modernism: Artists like Georgia O'Keeffe and Edward Hopper explored abstract forms and the emotional impact of their subjects. Abstract Expressionism: Post-World War II, artists such as Jackson Pollock and Mark Rothko pioneered this movement, emphasizing spontaneous and abstract forms of expression. Mid-20th Century and Beyond: Pop Art: Artists like Andy Warhol and Roy Lichtenstein incorporated elements of popular culture and consumerism into their work, challenging traditional notions of art. Minimalism: Artists such as Donald Judd and Agnes Martin focused on simplicity and the essence of forms. Contemporary Art: Today, American art is incredibly diverse, encompassing a wide range of media, styles, and themes. Artists like Kehinde Wiley and Yayoi Kusama push the boundaries of traditional art forms and explore complex social, political, and cultural issues. Throughout its history, American art has continually evolved, reflecting the dynamic and multifaceted nature of American society itself. “Painting is poetry that is seen rather than felt, and poetry is a painting that is felt rather than seen.” – Leonardo da Vinci Thank You!!! READING VISUAL ARTS AH4 WEEK 6 MR. DERICK P. LABUGUEN UNIT 6 Understanding Art through Art Theorie TOPICS: 1. Art Theory: Aesthetic Theories 4. Art Theory: Popular Theories -Aristotle’s Aesthetics: Katharsis -Realism, Prettiness - Platonist Aesthetics: Unchanging ‘Form’ 5. Art Theory: Theories based on Functions of Art - Yoruba Aesthetics: Time -Art for art’s sake 2. Art Theory: Psychological -Religion -Right brain Theory -Morality -Perceptual Process 6. Art Theory: Theories based on Comparison Between the Arts -Conceptual Process -Art as poetry 3. Art Theory: The Theory of the Artist as an Outsider -Fine Arts -Avant-garde 7. Art Theory: Symbolic Communication Theory -Artists -Semiotics -Outsider artists -Symbolic -Folk Art -Communication This unit discusses major theories in understanding art, and its implication to different works of art by enumerating examples and deconstructing works of art to know what theories are being applied.  Art Theory: Aesthetic Theories Aesthetics is the branch of philosophy concerned with the feelings aroused in us by sensory experiences such as seeing and hearing. Aesthetics examines, among other things, the nature of art and the nature of beauty (Getlein, 2010). German philosopher Immanuel Kant Subjectivity characterized the appreciation of beauty as the “judgment of taste,” which is comprised of two parts: universality Subjectivity, is based on the feeling of pleasure or displeasure experienced by the individual viewer. Universality, refers to views about art that are held in common, the “norm,” so to speak. "aesthetic" Taste Art Beauty key aspects of aesthetics Experience Philosophical Inquiry  Kant believed the beauty of art can only be appreciated when the viewer is “disinterested,” that is when the viewer is deriving pleasure that is not based upon or produces desire. If the viewer’s subjective judgment is disinterested, then a universally valid measure of taste can be rendered. Only if the viewer can separate the appreciation of art from the desire for it and is instead interested in art for its pure beauty, or aesthetics, can the viewer be said to have achieved the judgment of taste. (Sachant, Blood, LeMieux, & Tekippe)  Aesthetic theories key theories: Postmodernism Formalism Pragmatism Expressionism Phenomenology Romanticism Cultural Relativism  -brilliant color, -vigorous brushstrokes, -beauty, violence, tragedy, and ecstasy with equal passion, in waves of movement swiftly passing across his canvas. Artist: Eugène Delacroix Author: User “Marianika” Source: Wikimedia Commons License: Public Domain  Different aesthetic theories based on Aristotle, Plato, and Yoruba, the Africans. Yoruba Aesthetics : Platonist Aesthetics Time Aristotle’s Aesthetics: Katharsis Tribal cultures or purging Everything has an eternal tend to conceive things as four- This is the theory that by arousing unchanging ‘Form’ which the things dimensional objects in which the emotions in us and giving us we see around us mirror or imitate, fourth or time dimension is dominant objects upon which to vent them, and in a similar way, it can be argued, and in which matter is only the the artist purges us of emotional philosophical aesthetics supposes that vehicle, or the outward and visible disturbances that might otherwise there is a universal unchanging form expression, of energy or life force. erupt inconveniently in ordinary called ‘Art’, which can be Thus, it is energy and not matter, life. apprehended at any and dynamic and not static being, which every time. is the true nature of things. Faggs Understanding the content of art  Art Theory: Psychological Theories Right/Left Brain Theory The human brain has two very different ways of thinking. Developed from the research in the late 1960s American psychobiologist Roger W. Sperry. The right brain The left brain is visual and processes is verbal and processes information information in an intuitive in an analytical and sequential and simultaneous way. way.  Based on this theory, if you know that your thinking is dominated by either your right or left brain, you can then deliberately set out to use the right brain way of thinking in your painting or drawing. It's certainly better than working on autopilot. By trying a different strategy, you will probably be surprised by what different results you can produce (Boddy-Evans, 2019).  Conceptual Artworks Perceptual Process Conceptual art can be – and can Conceptual Process look like – almost anything. This is Perception is the process of taking those sensory In conceptual art the idea or because, unlike a painter or concept is the most important sculptor who will think about how components, interpreting aspect of the work. When an best they can express their idea them, and experiencing them, artist uses a conceptual form which is directed by the brain. using paint or sculptural materials of art, it means that all of the The perception process is and techniques, a conceptual planning and decisions are defined as the course of action by which sensory stimuli are made beforehand and the artist uses whatever materials and execution is a perfunctory whatever form is most turned into experiences with affair. appropriate to putting their idea meaning.. across – this could be anything from a performance to a written description.  Art Theory: The Theory of the Artist as an Outsider Outsider art refers to creative work produced by individuals who are often outside the mainstream art world. This includes artists who may not have formal training, those who create in isolation, or people from marginalized communities. Their work is often characterized by its raw emotion, unique perspectives, and unconventional techniques. This genre can encompass various mediums, from painting and sculpture to mixed media and installation. The appeal of outsider art lies in its authenticity and the personal narratives behind the pieces, which can challenge traditional notions of art and artistic merit. Artists like Henry Darger and Judith Scott have become iconic figures in this realm, showcasing the depth and richness that outsider art can bring to the broader art conversation.  Avant-Garde Artists Originating in military terminology, the phrase "avant-garde" was adapted to apply to the work of artists - and then taken on by artists themselves - in order to indicate the socially, politically, and culturally revolutionary potential of much modern art.  Outsider Artists The actual phrase "Outsider art" was first used in 1972, by the art critic Roger Cardinal, as an English equivalent of the French term "art brut" (raw art) first coined by the French painter and assemblage artist Jean Dubuffet (1901-1985) for the same type of primitive art. As it was, Dubuffet's focus was on paintings/ drawings by psychotics in insane asylums, of which he amassed a sizeable collection, managed by his Compagnie de l'Art Brut.  Other Types of Outsider Art Naïve art Primitive Art Traditional Folk Art is characterized by Folk Art (Current Definition ) describe work from is mostly utilitarian or childlike simplicity of Traditional folk art contemporary tribal cultures, decorative art created by an execution and vision. expresses a culture's such as Aboriginal, Oceanic, unaffluent social class As such it has been identity by communicating Native American, African or of peasants, artisans and valued by modernists shared aesthetics and Alaskan art. However, the tradespeople who live in seeking to get away values of society. Traditional term is now considered rural areas of civilized but from what they see as folk art often consists of politically incorrect by critics not highly industrialized the insincere utilitarian and ornamental of modern art - who prefer societies: it also sophistication of art terms such as "folk art", media, including wood, encompasses nomadic created within the "vernacular art", metal, cloth, clay, paper, groups like traditional or"intuitive art". and more. gypsies. system. Art Theory: Popular Theories Figure 56 Gustave Courbet. The Artist’s Studio: a Real Allegory Summing Up Seven Years of my Life as an Artist. 1855. Oil on canvas, 11’93/4” x 19’65?8”. Mus’eed’ Orsay, Paris.  Beauty There have been numerous theories over the millennia 1. attributing it to “essential qualities” within the of Western philosophical thought that attempt to define natural phenomenon or artifact, or “beauty,” 2. regarding it purely in terms of the experience of beauty by the human subject. by either:  Art Theory: Theories based on Functions of Art Art for Art’s sake Whistler (American and European artists in the second half of the nineteenth-century) could pursue what he called “Art for art’s sake.” That is, he could create art that served no other purpose than to express what he, as the artist, found to be elevating, harmonious, and pleasing to the eye, the mind, and the soul: (Sachant, Blood, LeMieux, & Tekippe) Figure 58 Nocyurne in Black and Gold: The Falling Rocket Artist: James Abott mc Neil Whistler Source: Wikimedia Commons License;Public Domain Religion Figure 59 Rafael. The Madonna of the Meadows. 1505. Oil on panel, 441/2x341/4” Kunsthistorisches Museum, Viena Morality The Potato Eaters by: Vincent Van Gogh via Wikimedia Commons. This Work is in public Religion Goya, The Third of May 1808  There can be little ground for confidence that the sometimes- desperate search for the innovative and ‘different’ in art (and the role of the complex of interested promoters of particular arts—the ‘artworld’) reliably leads to morally serious and wise interpretations of human problems. Thank You!!! READING VISUAL ARTS AH4 WEEK 6 MR. DERICK P. LABUGUEN  Understanding Art through Art Theorie UNIT 4 TOPICS: 6. Art Theory: Theories based on Comparison Between the Arts -Art as poetry -Fine Arts 7. Art Theory: Symbolic Communication Theory -Semiotics -Symbolic -Communication This unit discusses major theories in understanding art, and its implication to different works of art by enumerating examples and deconstructing works of art to know what theories are being applied.  Art Theory: Theories based on Comparison Between the Arts ✓Poetry is a form of literature that uses language to evoke emotion, paint vivid images, and convey ideas. ✓ Art, on the other hand, is a visual medium that can take many forms, including painting, sculpture, and performance. Art as Poetry ✓Both poetry and art rely on the use of symbolism, metaphor, and other literary devices to convey meaning and elicit a response from the audience. Poetry had long been considered an art, and the ✓Both can be used to explore the human experience and idea that painting was comment on social and political issues. comparable to it is one of the factors that led to painting’s being considered an art as well. Left Panel: The Garden of Eden God introducing Eve to Adam Represents innocence Central Panel: Earthly Delights chaotic scene filled with people fleeting nature of pleasure and the temptations of the flesh.  Right Panel: Hell grotesque figures and surreal tortures. Represents the consequences of a life of excess and hedonism  Earth, heaven, and hell: Hieronymus Bosch's The Garden of Earthly Delights ✓ Bosch was a pessimistic and stern moralist who had neither illusions about the rationality of human nature nor confidence in the kindness of a world that had been corrupted by human presence in it. ✓ His paintings are sermons on folly and sin, addressed often to initiates and consequently difficult to translate. ✓ Unable to unlock the mystery of the artist’s works, critics at first believed that he must have been affiliated with secret sects. ✓ Although the themes of his work were often religious, his choice of symbols to represent the temptation and eventual ensnarement of humans in earthly evils caused many critics to view the artist as a practitioner of the occult arts. ✓ More recent scholarship views Bosch as a talented artist who possessed deep insight into human character and as one of the first artists to represent abstract concepts in his work. ✓ A number of exhaustive interpretations of Bosch’s work have been put forth, but there remain many obscure details. Cont. Art Theory: Symbolic Communication Theory Semiotics Although the word was used in this sense in the 17th century by the English philosopher John Locke, the idea of semiotics as an interdisciplinary field of study emerged only in the late 19th and early Ferdinand de 20th centuries with the independent work of Ferdinand de Saussure and of the American philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce. Symbolic Communication Symbolic communication refers to communication that involves a shared message between the sender and the receiver. picture, and tactile communication systems. people using symbols, like words, gestures, and images, Used to express thoughts, feelings, ideas, For example, a person using sign language or an artist creating a piece of work with particular symbolic meaning are both using symbolic communication. Semiotics: signs and sign-using behavior “the life of signs within society.” Ferdinand de Saussure (1857-1913 SWIM FISH  Sign Saussure The object/thing Signifier Signified The physical existence The mental concept (sound, word, image) Fruit/Apple/Freshness/Healthy/Temp tation/Teacher’s pet/Computer Red/Leaf/Apple Charles Sanders Peirce Peirce’s seminal work in the field was anchored in pragmatism and logic. categorization of signs into three main types: (1) an icon, which resembles its referent (such as a road sign falling rocks); (2)an index, which associated with its referent (as smoke is a sign of fire); and Charles Sanders Peirce, (3)a symbol, which is related to referent only by 1891 convention (as with words traffic signals). ✓ Peirce also demonstrated that a sign can never have a definite meaning, for the meaning must be continuously qualified. “something which stands to somebody for something,” “STYLE IS A DEEPLY PERSONAL EXPRESSION OF WHO YOU ARE, AND EVERY TIME YOU DRESS, YOU ARE ASSERTING A PART OF YOURSELF.” ------ NINA GARCIA ----- Thank You!!!