Arthrology - Joint Classification & Types PDF

**ARTHROLOGY** **Joint:** point of contact between 2 bones **Joint Classification** 1. 2. **Joint Classification According to Structure** +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Joint** | **Synovial** | **Connective Tissue** | +=====...

**ARTHROLOGY** **Joint:** point of contact between 2 bones **Joint Classification** 1. 2. **Joint Classification According to Structure** +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Joint** | **Synovial** | **Connective Tissue** | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | 1. **Fibrous** | None | Dense irregular | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | 2. **Cartilaginous** | None | Cartilage | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | 3. **Synovial** | Present | Dense irregular | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ **Joint Classification According to Function** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Joint** | **Degree of Movement** | +===================================+===================================+ | 1. **Synarthrosis** | Immovable | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | 2. **Amphiarthrosis** | Slightly movable | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | 3. **Diarthrosis** | Freely movable | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ **Fibrous Joints** 1. - - 2. - - 3. - - - **Cartilaginous Joints** 1. - - - 2. - - - **Synovial Joints** - - **Types of Synovial Joints** 1. - - -  2. - - 3. - - 4. - - -  5. - - 6. -  **SUMMARY** +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Type of | **Description** | **Movement | **Examples** | | Synovial | | Type** | | | Joint** | | | | +=================+=================+=================+=================+ | **Plane** | Articulated | **Biaxial:** | intercarpal , | | | surfaces or | back-and-forth | intertarsal, | | | slightly curved | and | sternocostal | | | | side-to-side | (between | | | | movements | sternum and 2nd | | | | | to 7th pairs of | | | | Some are | ribs), and | | | | **triaxial:** | vertebrocostal | | | | back-and-forth, | joints | | | | side-to-side, | | | | | rotation | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Hinge** | Convex surface | **Uniaxial:** | Knee, elbow, | | | fits into | flexion-extensi | ankle, and | | | concave surface | on | interphalangeal | | | | | joints | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Pivot** | Rounded or | **Uniaxial:** | Atlanto-axial | | | pointed surface | rotation | and radioulnar | | | fits into ring | | joints | | | formed partly | | | | | by bone and | | | | | partly by | | | | | ligament | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Condyloid** | Oval-shaped | **Biaxial:** | Radiocarpal and | | | projection fits | flexion-extensi | metacarpophalan | | | into | on, | geal | | | oval-shaped | abduction-adduc | joints | | | depression | tion | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Saddle** | Articular | **Biaxial:** | Carpometacarpal | | | surface of one | flexion-extensi | joint between | | | bone is | on, | trapezium and | | | saddle-shaped; | abduction-adduc | metacarpal of | | | articular | tion | thumb | | | surface of | | | | | other bone sits | | | | | in saddle | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Ball-and | Ball-like | **Triaxial:** | Shoulder and | | -Socket** | depression fits | flexion-extensi | hip joints | | | into cuplike | on, | | | | depression | abduction-adduc | | | | | tion, | | | | | rotation | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ **Movements of Synovial Joints** - 1. - 2. -  **Flexion:** flex-to bend ----------------------------------------- ------------------------ **Extension:** exten-to stretch out **Hypertension:** hyper-beyod/excessive **Abduction:** away from midline  **Adduction:** toward midline **Circumduction:** circ-circle 3. - 4. - **Supination:** movement of forearm; turns palm anteriorly  -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------- **Pronation:** Movement of forearm; turns palm is posteriorly **Dorsiflexion**:bending of the foot in direction of dorsum **Plantar flexion:** bending of foot in direction of the plantar surface **Protraction:** to draw forth  **Retraction:** to draw back **Inversion:** to turn inward; **medial** movement of sole  **Eversion:** to turn outward; **lateral** movement of sole