Router Configuration NCII PDF

 **GRADE12** **COMPUTER SYSTEMS SERVICING NCII**   **CORE OF COMPETENCIES 1** Install and Configure Computer System **CORE OF COMPETENCIES 2** Setup Computer Network **CORE OF COMPETENCIES 3** Setup Computer Server **CORE OF...

 **GRADE12** **COMPUTER SYSTEMS SERVICING NCII**   **CORE OF COMPETENCIES 1** Install and Configure Computer System **CORE OF COMPETENCIES 2** Setup Computer Network **CORE OF COMPETENCIES 3** Setup Computer Server **CORE OF COMPETENCIES 4** Maintain and Repair Computer Systems and Network **Supplementary Learning Material (SLeM)** **About the Module** This module has been designed with your learning in mind, helping you master a variety of text types. Its content is adaptable, making it suitable for different learning environments. The language used is carefully crafted to cater to various levels of vocabulary, ensuring accessibility for all students. The lessons are organized to follow a standard course sequence, but you have the flexibility to adjust the order of readings to fit the textbook you are currently using. **As a facilitator**, your role is to guide learners on how to effectively use this module. You should also monitor their progress while giving them the freedom to manage their own learning. Additionally, you are encouraged to offer support and motivation as students work through the tasks provided in the module. **For the Learner:** Welcome to the **Computer Systems Servicing 12 Self-Learning Module** (SLM) on Computer Network Concepts! **HOW TO USE THIS SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIAL (SLeM)** Before you begin working through the SLeM, take a moment to set aside any tasks that may distract you so you can fully focus on the lessons. Carefully read the instructions below to make the most of this learning experience. Have fun! 1. Follow all the contents and instructions provided in each section of the SLeM. 2. Write down the key concepts from the lessons in your notebook. Remember, writing helps to develop and enhance your understanding. 3. Complete all the activities included in the SLeM. 4. Have your facilitator or guardian assess your answers. 5. Analyze the posttest thoughtfully and apply what you\'ve learned.  **Pre - Test** Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer.\ \ 1**. What is the primary function of a router?** a\. To provide a wireless connection to the internet\ b. To store and process data\ c. To connect multiple networks and direct traffic\ d. To monitor bandwidth usage 2\. **What is a default gateway in networking?** a\. The IP address of the computer\ b. The address of the device that connects a network to the internet\ c. The DNS address of the network\ d. None of the above 3\. **Which protocol is commonly used to configure routers?** a\. HTTP\ b. SSH\ c. Telnet\ d. Both b and c 4\. **What is the common default IP address for most routers?** a\. 192.168.0.1\ b. 255.255.255.0\ c. 10.0.0.1\ d. Both a and b 5\. **How do you access a router's web-based interface?** a\. Open a browser and type the default IP address\ b. Use a command prompt and type the router's IP address\ c. Plug the router directly into your computer\ d. All of the above 6\. **What is the importance of a strong router password?** a\. To prevent unauthorized access\ b. To enhance internet speed\ c. To configure settings automatically\ d. None of the above 7\. **Which of the following is NOT required for router setup?** a\. Default IP address\ b. ISP details\ c. Personal email ID\ d. Network cable 8\. **What does CLI stand for?** a\. Connection Line Interface\ b. Command Line Interface\ c. Connection Link Identification\ d. Configuration Line Input 9\. **What is the first step to access router settings?** a\. Identify the default gateway\ b. Connect the router to a power source\ c. Open a web browser\ d. Reset the router 10\. **What type of cable is usually required to connect to a router directly?** a\. USB cable\ b. Ethernet cable\ c. HDMI cable\ d. None of the above **RECAP** **RECAP**: Recall the previous lessons about "Configuring am Ethernet NIC to use **DCHP** Sharing folder and printer" by writing **T** if the statement is true and **F** if it\'s false on the space provided. (5 pts.)\ \_ 1. DHCP stands for Dynamic Host Control Protocol.\ \ \_2. The command ipconfig /release is used in Windows to release the current IP configuration.\ \ \_3. In Linux, the command ping is used to check the current IP configuration.\ \ \_4. The default lease time of an IP address in DHCP is 24 hours.\ \ \_5. DHCP uses port 67 for client-to-server communication and port 68 for server-to-client communication. **Introduction to Computer Network Concept** **What is Router Configuration?** --------------------------------- Router configuration refers to the process of setting up and adjusting the settings of a router to manage network traffic, secure the network, and ensure devices can communicate with each other. This process includes configuring IP addresses, setting up wireless networks, and securing the router with passwords and encryption. Router configuration is essential to ensure that devices on a local network can access the internet and communicate efficiently**.** ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I. **Router Configuration Basics** **IP Address Setup**\ Routers need a specific IP address to be accessed by devices within the network. We discussed how to assign a static or dynamic IP address to the router and configure subnet masks for better network management. 3\. Click **Ethernet** 4**.** Now**, Click Properties.** 5\. Select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), and then click Properties. 6\. Select Use the Following IP Address. 7\. Complete the IP address, Subnet mask, and Default gateway fields by using the values in step 4 from Accessing the ASMI using a Web Browser. 8\. Click OK on the Local Area Connection Properties window. It is not necessary to restart your PC. II. **Default Gateway**\ \ **What is a Default Gateway?** A default gateway is a device, typically a router, that connects a local network (like your home or office network) to other networks, including the internet. It serves as an access point or \"gateway\" for devices in the local network to send data to destinations outside their own network. When a device (such as a computer, smartphone, or printer) wants to communicate with a device that is not part of the local network, it sends the data to the default gateway. The gateway then forwards this data to the appropriate external network, ensuring the device can access resources like websites or other devices. **Key Functions of a Default Gateway:** Network Communication: It allows devices within a local network to communicate with devices outside the local network (such as accessing the internet). Routing: The default gateway routes traffic from devices on the local network to other networks. If a device wants to access a website, for example, the data is first sent to the gateway, which then forwards it to the correct destination. Intermediary Role: It acts as an intermediary between the internal network and external networks. Without a properly configured default gateway, devices in the network will be unable to access anything outside their local network. **Example:** Your device has an **IP address like 192.168.1.10** (part of a local network 192.168.1.0/24). Your router's **IP address might be 192.168.1.1**, and this is set as the default gateway. When you try to visit a website, your device sends the request to the router (the default gateway). The router then forwards the request to the internet, and the website loads. **Why is the Default Gateway Important?** **Enables Internet Access**: Without a default gateway, devices can only communicate within the local network. The gateway allows them to access external networks, including the internet. **Network Connectivity**: It ensures that data can travel beyond the local network, making it essential for most internet-related activities (browsing, email, etc.). I. **STATIC ROUTING** **Static routing** is a manual method of routing where network administrators configure the paths that data packets will take in advance. The routes are defined by the administrator and do not change unless manually modified. **How it works**: In static routing, routes are added to the router's routing table manually. These routes remain in place until they are explicitly changed or removed by an administrator. **Advantages**: - **Simple to configure**: For small, simple networks, static routing is easy to implement. - **No overhead**: Since routes do not change unless manually configured, there is no need for complex algorithms or communication between routers. - **Predictable**: The paths are fixed and predictable, which can be beneficial in networks where stability is crucial. **Disadvantages**: - **Scalability**: Static routing becomes inefficient in large networks because each route must be manually configured, which is time-consuming. - **Lack of flexibility**: If there is a network failure or a route becomes unavailable, the administrator must manually intervene to update the routes. - **Error-prone**: Manual configurations can lead to human errors that could disrupt the network. **Use Case**: Static routing is ideal for small networks or situations where the network topology is simple and doesn't change frequently. It's often used in point-to-point links, small LANs, or when security is a priority. I. **DYNAMIC ROUTING**\ \ Dynamic routing is a method where routers automatically discover and adjust routes based on current network conditions. Dynamic routing uses routing protocols to share and update information between routers to determine the best paths for data. **How it works:**\ Routers that use dynamic routing communicate with each other using specific protocols (such as RIP, OSPF, or BGP). They automatically adjust the routing table when there are changes in the network, such as new devices, network failures, or topology changes. **Common Routing Protocols:** **RIP (Routing Information Protocol):** An older protocol that uses hop count as the metric to determine the best path.\ **OSPF (Open Shortest Path First):** A link-state protocol that uses a more complex algorithm to determine the best path based on network conditions. **BGP (Border Gateway Protocol):** Used primarily for inter-domain routing (between different organizations or ISPs) and supports large-scale routing. **Advantages:** **Scalability**: Dynamic routing is highly scalable and can efficiently handle large and complex networks. **Automatic updates:** Routes are automatically updated in response to network changes, such as device failures or topology changes. **Flexibility:** Dynamic routing adapts to changes in the network, ensuring the most efficient path is always used. **Disadvantages:** **Complexity:** Dynamic routing requires more configuration and maintenance than static routing. **Overhead:** Routers need to exchange routing information periodically, which consumes network bandwidth and router resources. **Slower convergence:** It may take time for routers to adjust and find the best path when the network topology changes. **Use Case:**\ Dynamic routing is ideal for larger and more complex networks, such as enterprise networks or the internet, where automatic adjustments and scalability are important. **IP Address Classes**\ IP (Internet Protocol) addresses are used to identify devices on a network. These addresses are divided into different classes based on their range and intended use. The most common types of IP addresses are **IPv4** addresses, which are written in a 32-bit format and divided into 5 main classes: **A, B, C, D, and E**. Here's an overview of the different IP address classes: 1**. Class A IP Address** **Range:** 1.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255 **First Octet:** 1 to 127 **Default Subnet Mask:** 255.0.0.0 (or /8) **Number of Networks:** 128 (but some addresses are reserved) **Number of Hosts per Network:** 16,777,214 **Purpose:** **Class A** IP addresses are used for large networks. These are typically assigned to major corporations, government agencies, and large ISPs (Internet Service Providers). The vast number of hosts supported by Class A makes it suitable for organizations with a very large number of devices. 2\. **Class B IP Address** **Range:** 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255 **First Octet:** 128 to 191 **Default Subnet Mask:** 255.255.0.0 (or /16) **Number of Networks:** 16,384 **Number of Hosts per Network:** 65,534 **Purpose:** **Class B** IP addresses are used for medium-sized networks, such as universities, mid-sized businesses, and regional ISPs. They provide a good balance between the number of networks and hosts, offering flexibility for a wide range of organizations. 3\. **Class C IP Address** **Range:** 192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255 **First Octet:** 192 to 223 **Default Subnet Mask:** 255.255.255.0 (or /24) **Number of Networks:** 2,097,152 **Number of Hosts per Network:** 254 **Purpose:** **Class C** IP addresses are used for small networks, such as small businesses, home networks, or individual devices within a network. With up to 254 hosts per network, this class is very common in typical consumer-grade networking setups, such as home routers and small office environments. **4. Class D IP Address (Multicast)** **Range:** 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255 **First Octet:** 224 to 239 **Default Subnet Mask:** N/A (multicast addresses do not use traditional subnetting) **Purpose:**\ **Class D** addresses are reserved for multicast groups. These addresses are used when a message needs to be sent to multiple receivers at once, such as video streaming or group communications. **Class D** addresses are not used for standard device-to-device communication. Instead, they are used for multicast communication, where one sender transmits data to a group of receivers. **5. Class E IP Address (Reserved)** **Range:** 240.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255 **First Octet:** 240 to 255 **Default Subnet Mask:** N/A **Purpose: Class E** addresses are reserved for experimental use and research purposes. These addresses are not used in public networks. **Class E** addresses are reserved for future use or research and are not assigned to any devices for general networking purposes.  **ACTIVITIES** **Activity** 1\ How are you coping with our lesson? I hope you are curious about the activities we will discuss in this module.\ \ **Direction**s: Now that you've learned a lot from the very start of our module, let's summarize our lesson from the very start by filling the blanks with an appropriate answer 1. When configuring network settings, the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ address is required to identify the device within a local network. 2. The primary function of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in networking is to act as the gateway that connects a local network to the internet. 3. If you need multiple devices to have internet access through the same router, you must configure the router's \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ settings. 4. Devices in the same network segment are often assigned IP addresses within the same \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ range. 5. To configure the router's internet connection, you need to specify the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ address provided by your Internet Service Provider (ISP). 2\. Explain the difference between static and dynamic IP address assignment in router configuration. **Component** Description **Function/Use** --------------- ------------- ------------------ 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. **VALUING** **Importance of Computer Network Concept** Now that we learned about the Network concept, we will have our post-test, choose the correct answer 1**. What is the primary function of a router?** a\. To provide a wireless connection to the internet\ b. To store and process data\ c. To connect multiple networks and direct traffic\ d. To monitor bandwidth usage 2\. **What is a default gateway in networking?** a\. The IP address of the computer\ b. The address of the device that connects a network to the internet\ c. The DNS address of the network\ d. None of the above 3\. **Which protocol is commonly used to configure routers?** a\. HTTP\ b. SSH\ c. Telnet\ d. Both b and c 4\. **What is the common default IP address for most routers?** a\. 192.168.0.1\ b. 255.255.255.0\ c. 10.0.0.1\ d. Both a and b 5\. **How do you access a router's web-based interface?** a\. Open a browser and type the default IP address\ b. Use a command prompt and type the router's IP address\ c. Plug the router directly into your computer\ d. All of the above 6\. **What is the importance of a strong router password?** a\. To prevent unauthorized access\ b. To enhance internet speed\ c. To configure settings automatically\ d. None of the above 7\. **Which of the following is NOT required for router setup?** a\. Default IP address\ b. ISP details\ c. Personal email ID\ d. Network cable 8\. **What does CLI stand for?** a\. Connection Line Interface\ b. Command Line Interface\ c. Connection Link Identification\ d. Configuration Line Input 9\. **What is the first step to access router settings?** a\. Identify the default gateway\ b. Connect the router to a power source\ c. Open a web browser\ d. Reset the router 10\. **What type of cable is usually required to connect to a router directly?** a\. USB cable\ b. Ethernet cable\ c. HDMI cable\ d. None of the above **KEY TO CORRECTION** **PRE TEST/POST TEST** 1. C 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. A 6. A 7. C 8. B 9. A 10. B **ACTIVITY 1**\ 1. MAC 2\. Router 3\. DHCP 4\. IP 5\. Gateway [**[https://www.cbtnuggets.com/blog/technology/networking/what-is-static-routing+]**\ ](https://www.cbtnuggets.com/blog/technology/networking/what-is-static-routing+?fbclid=IwZXh0bgNhZW0CMTAAAR24uUz-8nVgRL_P-ApHeWaJ7yc4U_1OicPV2DOJsfGb0Xb35sT5HLq71tw_aem__7hPth8riqbfUcdLUi8E-g)[**[https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/power5?topic=browser-setting-ip-address-your-pc-mobile-computer]**\ ](https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/power5?topic=browser-setting-ip-address-your-pc-mobile-computer&fbclid=IwZXh0bgNhZW0CMTAAAR09rjSji-Ncw7IDqIrymPlZlXe52o2WdG_BZXs8-UociPM_ufrSveRb1Wk_aem_NfAVRrUYi1XOuVohneg8QQ)