Rizal Midterm Exam 2nd YR 1st Sem PDF

Week 7: Formal Schooling at a Village  It offers the best secondary school. It trained the character of every student through rigid School discipline and re...

Week 7: Formal Schooling at a Village  It offers the best secondary school. It trained the character of every student through rigid School discipline and religious instructions LIFE AT BINAN  They were required to hear masses in the  He had a very discipline and systematic life morning before the start of classes.  Paciano accompanied him on his trip to Binan.  Atenean teachers enforced a program of They proceeded to their Aunt's house. dividing a class. into two competing empires:  He was introduced to Maestro Justiniano Cruz Romans and Carthaginians.  He demonstrated his intellectual superiority and o Roman Empire (boarding students at emerges as the best in his class in Latin, Spanish Ateneo); and the rest of the subjects (elementary). o Carthaginians (non-boarding students) Because of this, he often had duel with his  Both empires had their ranks and dignitaries classmates namely: emperor, tribune, decurion, centurion  He also took painting life under Maestro Cruz' and standard bearer. father-in-law (Old Juancho)  The Method of instruction was "ratio  The rigorous life that Rizal had as an elementary studiorum" - a system of indoctrination under pupil at the village school equipped him with tight and constant discipline competencies for secondary schooling in  Their aim "Ad majorem Dei Gloriam or For the Manila. greater glory of God" - teachers was to make  He returned to his hometown on December 17, lifelong Catholics. 1870  Students life was centered on the chapel, with membership in religious confraternities as the Private Tutors of Rizal highest level of extra-curricular activities.  Maestro Celestino was Jose's first private tutor  Rizal passed oral examination on March 14,  Maestro Lucas Padua was the second private 1877. He graduated with the degree, Bachiller tutor en Artes", with the highest academic honors.  Maestro Leon Monroy became the hero's tutor  Rizal's academic triumph at Ateneo can be in Spanish and Latin. He was the classmate of attributed to 3 factors namely: racial pride, Don Francisco. monastic discipline and seclusion of boarding school life. ATENEO MUNICIPAL  He took entrance examination at the Colegio de Extra-curricular Activities San Juan de Letran on June 10,1872. o -officer in Religious confraternities  He sought admission at the Ateneo Municipal. o -Academy of Spanish Literature and Thanks to Father Magin Fernando (College Academy of Natural Sciences Registrar) he was admitted eventhough: o -literature - late registrant o -Poetry writing (Francis Francisco paula de -very frail and undersized for his age Sanchez)  He registered under the name of JOSE RIZAL. o -took lesson in Spanish o -Painting (Agustin Saez) and Sculpture ATENEO MUNICIPAL: Educational System (Romualdo de Jesus)  They offered a program that entitle a student o -Gymnastics and Fencing “Bachiller en Artes” Some of the Literary Works of Dr. Rizal at Week 8: Rizal at the Dominican Ateneo Municipal University of the Philippines  MI PRIMERA INSPIRACION (My first April 1877, Rizal at 16years old, entered University Inspiration) dedicated by Rizal to his of Santo Tomas. He seek the advice of Fr. Pablo mother on the occasion of the latter's natal Ramon Rector of the Ateneo, who have been good day, which according to some was allegedly to him during his student days, on the right choice written by his cousin. for a career.  AL NIÑO JESUS (To the Child Jesus) His expression of devotion to Catholicism, 2 reasons why he enrolled Philosophy and which his mother implanted in his heart and Letters: was strengthened by his schooling at  His father liked it Ateneo.  He was not sure what career to pursue  UN RECUERDO DE MI PUEBLO (In  However, he shifted to Medicine specializing in Memory of my Town) his way of paying Ophthalmology when he found out that his homage to his birthplace, Calamaba. He mother was going blind never forget the tranquility of his hometown. o 1877-78, Rizal studied Cosmology, Metaphysics,  THROUGH EDUCATION THE COUNTRY Theodicy, and History of Philosophy. RECEIVES LIGHT that the people have to o In 1878-79 took up the medical course. seek knowledge. They need to seek knowledge in order to become enlightened Rizal was unhappy at this Dominican Institution of individuals, who could be instrumental in higher learning because: elevating the country into a position of (1) the Dominican professors were hostile to prestige and honor. him  LA ALIANZA INTIMA SOBRE RELIGION Y (2) the Filipino students were racially discriminated against by the Spaniards LA BUENA EDUCATION ( The Intimate (3) the method of instruction was obsolete Alliance between Religion and Good and repressive Education) stressed the importance of religion to education. Religion serves as a  After finishing the fourth year of his medical guide and nourishment to true education. course, Rizal decided to study in Spain. He could no longer endure the rampant bigotry, Summary discrimination, and the hostility in the University  He displayed his intellectual superiority in his of Santo Tomas. early education when he enroll at a village school in Binan, Laguna Like any of us, Dr. Rizal fell in love with these  He entered Ateneo Municipal as late registrant lovely ladies: with the name Jose Rizal  Rizal met Leonor “Orang” Valenzuela when he  He also emerges as the best student in and was a sophomore student at the University of earned the Degree Bachiller en Artes Santo Tomas.  She was a charming Manila girl who was living next door to Rizal's boarding house. JUNTO AL PASIG  Sweetheart of Rizal, Romances lasted one year  A one-act zarzuela in Spanish written by the  A medical student from Calamba. Laguna the Philippine national hero. Jose Rizal, was staged charming daughter of Capitan Juan and by the Academy of Spanish Literature members Capitana Sanday Valenzuela. on December 8, 1880. - Rizal wrote it to honor  Rizal sent Leonor a love notes written in "Nuestra Senora dela Paz y Buenviaje de invisible ink Antipolo (Our Lady of Peace and Good Voyage).  Rizal was infatuated with Segunda Katigbak Education in Europe from Batangas  He traveled alone to Madrid in May 1882 to continue his studies in Medicine at the Leonor Rivera Universidad Central de Madrid.  The beautiful daughter of his landlord Antonio  He also took up Licentiate in Medicine in 1884 Rivera. and Degree of Philosophy and Letters in 1885.  Tender romances lasted 11 years (1879-1890)  25-year-old Rizal completed in 1887 his eye specialization under the renowned Prof. Otto IMPORTANT LITERARY WORKS AS A Becker in Heidelberg. UNIVERSITY STUDENT Summary A LA JUVENTUD FILIPINA  Rizal took up Philosophy and Letters because of  A poem written in Spanish by Filipino writer and his father's choice and uncertainty of what patriot Jose Rizal, first presented in 1879in career to pursue. Manila, while hewas studying at the University  He shifted to Medicine specializing in of Santo Tomas. Ophthalmology when he found out that his  "A La Juventud Filipina" was written by Rizal mother was going blind. when he was only eighteen years old, and was  Rizal has poor academic performance in UST dedicated to the Filipino youth which he because of his unhappiness caused by hostility, described as "the fair hope of my discrimination and obsolete methods of motherland” instruction EL CONSEJO DE LOS DIOSES ___________________________________________  A play written in Spanish by Filipino writer and Week 9 Noli Me Tangere: A Diagnosis national hero José Rizal published in La Solidaridad in 1883. of Filipino Society  El Consejo de los Dioses was written by Rizal when he was only nineteen years old, and Ferdinand Blumentritt, Rizal’s friend reveals the humanistic education of the “Your work, as we Germans say, has been written Philippines at the time and his answer to with blood and heart. Your work has exceeded my scholasticism. hopes and I consider myself fortunate and happy to have been honored with your friendship….” In Berlin, Rizal found himself penniless. No stipend Writing of the Noli Me Tangere was received from his family because of crop  At the outset, the novel was UNTITLED. Later failures in Calamba. To survive, he pawned his on, he decoded to call his first literary diamond ring given to him by his sister Saturnina masterpiece Noli Me Tangere. The title can be and sell his book to second hand bookstores, he translated into English as "Touch Me Not" thought of burning the manuscript of his first novel  The aforementioned label has a biblical basis. which he had completed.  "as those words were the ones uttered by Jesus Christ to Mary Magdalene when the latter Nonetheless, the publication of Noli gave him great visited his tomb before sunrise of Easter joy despite the hard life at Berlin. Sunday"  Rizal deemed it appropriate to use the said title Ideas on Writing a Novel about the Philippines as his novel contained delicate things nobody Luna's Spolarium wanted to talk about it touch during his time.  This canvas conveyed the plight of the vanquished and the pathetic suffering of the  He therefore, trod where angels fear to tread by human race exposing the evils of the Church and the State,  A reflection of the spirit of social, moral, and which were hazardous to touch. political life of his time  The novel came off the press on March 21,  Depicting the country to be redeemed from 1887 with the financial assistance of Maximo bondage and repression Viola  Notable among his purposes for writing then Uncle Tom's Cabin (Harriet Beecher Stowe) novel were the following: o To picture the past and the realities of the  The novel portrayed the brutalities committed Philippines by the American slave-owners against their o To reply to the insults heaped on the Negro slaves Filipinos and the country  The novel provided Rizal the springboard to o Unmask the hypocrisy that have write a novel portraying vividly the miseries of impoverished and brutalized the Filipino Filipinos under the oppressive rule of the people Spanish tyrants o To stir patriotism of the Filipino people The Wandering Jew (Eugene Sue) Characters in the Noli Me Tangere  This novel made a great impression on Rizal. According to Quirino, the literary form of the Juan Crisostomo Ibarra book could had probably been used by Rizal as  Main character of the novel. He represented the his model to arouse the feeling against existing affluent and liberal European-educated Filipino Philippine situation and communicate to the Filipinos the ideals he wanted them to embrace Elias  Represented the Filipino masses in the novel through him.  Common people who did everything to  He represented the subservient Filipino to the vindicate them from the injustices suffered from authorities to protect his personal and business the Spaniard interest Maria Clara Pilosopo Tasyo  Ibarra's object of love and affection,  He represented Rizal's epitome of philosopher. represented the Filipino womanhood trained in  He was perceived to be sage by the educated a convent and immersed in education basically and a weird or lunatic by those who did not religious in orientation know him Don Rafael Ibarra The School Master of San Diego  He was jailed for helping a young boy being  He symbolized intellectual dissatisfaction in harmed by Spanish tax collector Filipino society during Rizal's time.  He symbolize an affluent landlord with a social conscience  Although the novel is a work of fiction, the characters used by Rizal were persons actually Doña Victorina existed during those times.  Social climber, wife of Don Tiburcio Espadaña  Maria Clara Leonor Rivera  She symbolize the colonial mentality among  Tasyo - Paciano (his brothe) some Filipinos during her time  Capitan Tiago - Captain Hilario Sunico of San Nicolas  Doña Victorina - Doña Augustina Medel Doña Patrocinio  Basilio and Crispin Crisostomo brother of  Imprudent, vulgar. cruel and quarrelsome Hagonoy, Bulacan  She symbolize the mentality of Guardia Civil  Padre Damaso - Typical abusive friar during Rizal's time Sisa  Mother of Basilio and Crispin who lost her Rizal's Diagnosis of Filipino Society mental balance upon learning to his sons Friars were the enemies of reform, progress and  She illustrates the typical Filipino mothers, fully justice cognizant of the attributes of their sons and daughters, willing to defend them from all Three (3) Reasons of Rizal forms of injustices and accusations. 1. The agrarian problem between the tenants and the Dominicans Capitan Tiago (Don Anastacio delos Santos) 2. The influence of the Spanish anti-clericalism  His wealth was derived from his involvement in 3. Political situation in 1886 and 1872 illegal opium trade. Was Rizal correct in his analysis? o He then forwarded the report of the committee to Gov. gen. Emilio Terrero  70 year after the publication of Noli, the and summoned Rizal to Malacañang research undertaken by the Catholics on Palace. Philippine political situation confirmed the  Fr. Salvador Font veracity of Rizal's contention The friars o With no concrete action from Gov. Gen. wielded so much powers Terrero, he asked the Permanent  As cited by Guerrero (1998), Jaena's study of Commission on censorship to decide on Philippine institution, the parish priest in each the fate of the novel town can be described as a sword of Damocles o He recommended the prohibition of the hanging the over the head of authority- town importation, reproduction, and Mayor. circulation of the pernicious books in the  Local election was controlled and manipulated Philippines (Palma, 1949) First Reactions to the Noli  Antonio Regidor, a Filipino exile for his alleged Summary complicity in 1872 uprising o "The book is superior. If Don Quijote has  Writing the Noli Me Tangere was based on the made clear its author immortal because he ideas on the Spolarium, Uncle Tom's Cabin and exposed to the world the suffering of Spain, the Wandering Jew  The title of the novel was based on a biblical your Noli Me Tangere will bring you equal setting glory" (National Heroes Commission, 1963)  The novel came off the press on March 21, 1887 o Prior to the publication of his novel, a with the financial assistance of Maximo Viola number of works of Filipino writers from  The characters used by Rizal were persons 1882 to 1896 were produced. actually existed during those times.  Ferdinand Blumentritt, Rizal's friend  As to Rizal, the friars were the enemy of the o “Your work, as we Germans say, has been country. written with blood and heart. Your work has  After the publication of the novel Rizal's friends exceeded my hopes and I consider myself Regidor and Blumentritt were the first to fortunate and happy to have been honored congratulate him with your friendship. Not only I but your country, may feel happy for having you, a _______________________________________________________ patriotic and loyal son. If you continue so, Week 10: From Calamba to Europe For you will be to your people one of those great men who will exercise a determinative the Second Time influence over the progress of their spiritual  Seiko Usui life" (National centennial Commission, 1961)  Segunda Katigbak  Archbishop Payo  Leonor Rivera o Found the book heretical, impious and  Leonor Rivera scandalous in its religious aspect;  Leonor Valenzuela unpatriotic, subversive of public order  Gertrude Beckett and offensive to government of Spain. Rizal’s Life Abroad  Rizal left Hong Kong on Feb. 22, 1888 on the vessel SS Oceania. Hongkong, Hongkong → Yokohama, Japan → San Francisco, USA→ Liverpool, UK → Paris, France → Rizal in Japan Madrid, Spain → London, UK → Paris, France → End  Rizal arrived in Japan on Feb. 28, 1888 through Yokohama and stayed at Tokyo Hotel for a few days. Then he stayed at the Spanish Legation Rizal in Hong Kong for a month.  Rizal boarded the Zafiro from Manila to Hong  This was the time when Rizal learned Nihonggo Kong. He arrived on Feb. 8, 1888. and dedicated time to study Japanese art and  While in Hong Kong, he wrote to Blumentritt culture. about what happened to him when he stayed in  Rizal observed Japan and were impressed by his hometown which dated Feb. 16, 1888. Part the following: of it was: "At last I can write freely. ✓ The scenic beauty of the country.  “At last I can express my thoughts without fear of ✓ The cleanliness, politeness and industry of censorship from the chief! They forced me to the people. leave my country. Half sick I left the house." ✓ The picturesque dress and simple charm  He met Jose Maria Basa, Babino Mauricio and of the Japanese women. The existence of other exiles in Hong Kong. He was depressed few thieves in Japan. that the government prohibited the Filipinos to ✓ The beggars rarely seen in the streets of return to Manila. the city Nonetheless, Rizal was disgusted  He became acquainted with important seeing Japanese men pulling the kuruma Spaniards while in Hong Kong like Barranda (rickshaw). who is Terrero's secretary. He was accompanied Romance with O-Sei-San by him to Macau.  The romance began when Rizal moved to the Some of his observations about Hong Kong were as Spanish Legation. He saw her walk near the follow: gate. With that, he got charmed with her beauty  The celebration of the Chinese New Year was and tried to find a way by finding a way to meet quite very noise due to continuous fireworks and know her. explosion.  He learned from the gardener that her name is  Chinese theatres are usually animated due to Seiko Usui. He also learned that she lives with the percussion instruments used by the her parents and passes by the legation every participants. afternoon.  The lauriat party, where the guests were served  Rizal saw the ideals of womanhood like beauty, a variety of dishes, showed lavishness and charm, intelligence and modesty in her and that hospitality among the Chinese. made him too much attracted to Seiko.  The Dominican Order, the richest religion order  The friendship then turned into a love affair. in Hong Kong, had millions of dollars deposited They both had good mutual perception in banks earning high interests. amongst each other. To Seiko, Rizal was a man  The graveyard for Catholics, Protestants and of versatile talents, gallant, has dignity and Muslims were well maintained. courteous.  With their blossoming affair, O-Sei-San even  Upon arriving, he stayed as a guest at Dr. invited Rizal to a cha-no-yu (Tea Ceremony) Antonio Ma. Regidor's place, a practicing lawyer which signifies harmony, purity, tranquility and and an exile of 1872. Then he lived as a boarder reverence. of the Beckett Family at No. 37 Chalcot Crescent  With that being said, Rizal got tempted to stay Primrose Hill. in Japan for good but he felt that he had other  Rizal became acquainted with Dr. Reinhold Rost, duties to fulfil for his country so he left Japan the librarian of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. It and O-Sei-San. was he who recommended Rizal to be allowed to undertake research at the British Museum. Rizal in US With that, he was able to spend time reading Observations of Rizal about the USA Morga's Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas. Positive Impression Romance with Gertrude Beckett  The material progress of the country. The drive  Rizal became attracted to Gertrude, who was and the energy of the American people. also known as Tottie and Sissie.  The natural beauty of the land. The high  She was shorter than Rizal and chubby like standard of living. Segunda Katigbak.  The opportunities for better life offered to poor  Rizal falling in love with Seiko then with immigrants. Gertrude implied that he was not desperately in love with Leonor Rivera. Negative Impression  Two things attracted her to Rizal: propinquity  Non-existence of true civil liberty, as a Negro and happy family. cannot marry an American and vice-versa.  Rizal suppressed his feelings towards her when  The existence of racial prejudice, as shown in he learned that she was falling for him. their hatred of the Chinese, Japanese and Other Writings in London Negroes.  The valuing of money over human life.  Rizal wrote an essay entitled La Vision del Fray Rodriguez - in reply to the attacks made by Fr. Rizal in London Rodriguez on the Noli Me Tangere. He was able  Rizal arrived in Liverpool on May 24, 1888. He to demonstrate his profound knowledge of stayed overnight at Adelphi Hotel then moved religion and biting satire. to London.  He also wrote Letter to The Young Women in  He resided there from May 1888 to March 1889. Malolos. This was requested by Marcelo H. Del He opted to make it his second home for the Pilar to commend the young women of Malolos following reasons: for their courage to establish a school where ✓ To improve his knowledge of the English they could learn Spanish. language.  Rizal contributed two articles in the Trubner's ✓ To study and annotate Morga's Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas. Record, a journal devoted to the literature of ✓ To carry on his fight against Spanish the East. The first is called Specimens of Tagal tyranny safely. Folklore which consists of 14 proverbs, 8 puzzles and 2 verses. The second is called Two  Eastern Fables, which compared the Japanese When Rizal arrived in Paris it was extremely difficult folklore to Philippine folklore. for a visitor to find a living quarter. It is because of the approaching Universal Exposition of 1889 which Short Visit to Paris and Madrid attracted thousands of tourists so all hotel  He went to Paris on Sept. 1888 in search for accommodations were taken. historical materials in the Bibliotheque The cost of living spiraled high because the French Nationale. landlords took advantage of the event.  Juan Luna and Paz Pardo de Tavera Luna acted as his host during his stay. Valentin Ventura  After his search for manuscripts and books, he #45 Rue Maubeuge, where Rizal stayed for a while. returned to London. In his house, Rizal polished his annotated edition of  He went to Madrid and Barcelona on Dec. 11, Morga's book. 1888.  He contacted his fellow expatriates and He used most of his time in the reading room of assessed the extend of their agitation for the National Library checking up his historical reforms. annotations of Morga's book.  He got acquainted with Marcelo H. Del Pilar and  In 1890, the annotated edition of Antonio Mariano Ponce, whom he vowed cooperation Morga's Sucesos, printed by Garnes Feres, came for the struggle for reforms. out. There were two (2) major errors in the book Founding of Asociacion La Solidaridad which was corrected: o In the appraisal of the events of the past in  Rizal learned the plan of the Filipino expatriates the light of present standards in Barcelona to establish a patriotic society that o His inferences on the Church which were shall work for reforms from the Spanish unfair since the faults and the cruelty of the government which was called Asociacion La friars did not mean the cruelty of the church Solaridad. It was established Dec. 31, 1888.  On Feb. 15, 1889, Rizal was informed of the Week 11: Rizal’s Legacy to Young organ of the Propaganda Movement by Filipino Women Graciano Lopez- Jaena which was called La Solidaridad. In all his writings, Rizal alluded to women as wives  Its aims were: and mothers, the fountainhead of values, to insure ✓ To work peacefully for political and social the stability of the nation through the youth that reforms they nature and educate into useful and civic- ✓ To portray the deplorable conditions of spirited citizens - the hope of the fatherland (De the Philippines for Spain to remedy them Guzman 1975). His legacy to young Filipino women ✓ To oppose the evil forces of reaction and can be gleaned from his famous letter to the young medievalism women of Malolos. ✓ To advocate liberal ideas and progress RIZAL’S LETTER TO THE YOUNG WOMEN OF ✓ To champion the legitimate aspirations of MALOLOS the Filipino people to life, democracy and This letter was writtern in Tagalog, while Rizal was happiness in London, upon the request of Marcelo H. Del Pilar.  December 12, 1888 self-contempt and moral annihilation, it is no longer the highest wisdom to bow the head to A group of women of Malolos petitioned Governer- every unjust order: the highest goodness to smile General Weyler for permission to open a night at an insult to seek solace in humble tears etc. school so that they may study Spanish under etc. Teodoro Sandiko. God gave each one his own mind and his own Alberto Tangcoy conscience so that he can distinguish between Teresa and Natia Tontoco right and wrong. All men are born without Merced Tiongson chains, free and no one can subject the will and Agapita Tiongson spirit of another". Basilia Tiongson  Why would you submit to another you noble and free thought? It is cowardice and an error Father Felipe Garcia – objected resulting into the to believe that blind obedience is ignorance and turning down of the petition by the governor- not goodness and honor. God, fountain of general. wisdom, does not expect man, created in his They triumphed in the end and were granted image to allow himself to be fooled and permission to their project on the condition that blinded. The gift of reason with which we are Senorita Guadalupe Reyes should be their teacher. endowed must be brightened and utilized. We Praising these young women for their bravery, shall not falter if you help us. God will help us to Marcelo H Del Pilar requested Rizal to write a letter dispel the mist for he is the god of truth and the commending them for their extraordinary courage. former brilliance of the Filipino women will be restored undiminished. She lacks nothing but a  February 22, 1889 - Rizal sent Del Pilar to the free mind for she has an excess of goodness. letter for transmittal to the young women of Malolos. Responsibilities of Filipino Mothers to their RIZAL'S MESSAGE TO FILIPINO WOMEN Children Rizal was very certain as to the duties mothers  Rizal expressed satisfaction for what the young should fulfill to their children. These duties are: women of Malolos fought for. His frustration over Filipino Women's gave way to bright hopes  To raise children close to the image of God; for the future, as gleaned from the following  To awaken and prepare the mind of the child portion of his letter to the young women of for every good and desirable idea; Malolos.  And to teach children to prefer death with  "Now that you have responded to our vehement honor to life with dishonor. clamor for public welfare: now that you have Rizal also stressed the need for mothers to educate shown a good example to fellow young women their children on the following values: who like you, desire to have their eyes opened and to be lifted from their prostration, our hope  Love for honor is roused, now we are confident of victory.  Love for one's fellowmen The Filipino women, no longer bows her head  Clear mind and bends her knees her hope in the future is  Respect for God revived; gone is the mother who helps to keep  Sincere and firm character her daughter in the dark who educates her in  Clear conduct Noble action QUALITIES MOTHERS HAVE TO POSSESS unconsciously betray husband, child, native, Rizal enumerates the qualities Filipino mothers have land and all. to possess:  All men are born equal, naked, without bonds. God did not create man to be a slave; nor did  Be a noble wife he endow him with intelligence to have him  Rear her children in the service of the state here hoodwinked or adorn him with reason to have Rizal gives reference to the women of Sparta deceived by others. who embody this quality  Consider well what kind of religion they are  Set standards of behavior for men around her. teaching you. See whether it is the will of God RIZAL'S ADVICE TO UNMARRIED MEN AND or according to the teachings of Christ that the WOMEN poor be succored and those who suffer alleviated.  Jose Rizal points out to unmarried women that they should not be easily taken by appearances SUMMARY and looks, because these can be very deceiving. 1. Filipino mothers should teach their children love Instead, they should take heed of men's of God, country and fellowman. firmness of character and lofty ideas.  Rizal further adds that there are three things 2. Filipino mothers should be glad and honored, that a young woman must look for a man she like Spartan mothers to offer their sons in defense intends to be her husband: of their country. o A noble and honored name 3. Filipino women should know how to protect their o A manly heart dignity and honor. o A high spirit incapable of being satisfied with engendering slaves. 4. Filipino women should educate themselves aside from retaining their good radical values. RIZAL'S REMINDERS ON EQUALITY, SELF RESPECT AND TRUE SPIRIT OF RELIGION 5. Faith is not merely reciting prayers and wearing religious pictures. It is living the real Christian way  The tyranny of some is possible only through with good morals and manners. cowardice and negligence on the part of others.  What makes one contemptible is lack of dignity and abject fear of one who holds one in contempt.  Ignorance is servitude, because as a man thinks, so he is; a man who does not think for himself and allows himself to be guided by the thought of another is like a beast led by a halter.  He who loves his independence must first aid his fellowman, because he who refuses protection to others will find himself without it.  If the Filipina will not change her mode of being. let her rear no more children, let her merely give birth to them. She must cease to be the mistress of the home, otherwise she will