RIZAL ABROAD.pdf

RIZAL RIZAL ABROAD RIZAL’S TRAVEL...

RIZAL RIZAL ABROAD RIZAL’S TRAVEL For the first time, Rizal sighted the barren coast of Africa, which he called an “inhospitable After finishing the 4th year of the medical course in the University of Santo Tomas, Rizal land but famous” decided to complete his studies in Spain Aden - city hotter than Manila. Rizal was amused to see the camels, for the first time Aside from completing his studies in Spain, Rizal has his “secret mission”—was to observe City of Suez - the Red Sea terminal of the Suez Canal. Rizal was impressed in the beautiful keenly the life and culture, languages and customs, industries and commerce, and moonlight which reminded him of Calamba and his family government and laws of the European nations in order to prepare himself in the mighty task Suez Canal - canal which built by Ferdinand de Lesseps (French diplomat-engineer) which of liberating his oppressed people from Spanish tyranny was inaugurated on November 17, 1869 This Rizalian secret mission was likewise disclosed by Paciano in his letter to his younger Port Said - the Mediterranean terminal of the Suez Canal brother dated Manila, May 20, 1892 Rizal’s departure for Spain was kept secret to avoid detection by the Spanish authorities and NAPLES AND MARSEILLES the friars RIZAL IN NAPLES AND MARSEILLES Jose Mercado - Rizal used this name; a cousin from Biñan June 11, 1882 - Rizal reached Naples and was pleased on this Italian city because of its May 3, 1882 - Rizal departed on board the Spanish streamer Salvadora Singapore business activity, its lively people, and its panoramic beauty Night of June 12, 1882 - the steamer docked at the French harbor of Marseilles SINGAPORE Rizal visited the famous Chateau d’If, Cristo, was imprisoned RIZAL IN SINGAPORE Rizal stayed two and a half days where Dantes, hero of the Count of Monte Cristo in Donato Lecha - the ship captain from Asturias bound for , Spain befriended Rizal Marseilles Rizal described him as an affable man, “much more refined than his other countrymen and colleagues that I have met.” BARCELONA Rizal played chess with his fellow passengers who were much older than him. RIZAL IN BARCELONA May 8, 1882 - while the steamer was approaching Singapore, Rizal saw a beautiful island, Afternoon of May 15, 1882 - Rizal left Marseilles by train for the last lap of his trip to Spain. fascinated by its scenic beauty, he remembered ―Talim Island with the Susong Dalaga” Rizal crossed the Pyrenees and stopped for a day at the frontier town of Port Bou. May 9, 1882 - the Salvadora docked at Singapore June 16, 1882 - Rizal finally reached his destination—Barcelona Hotel de la Paz - Rizal registered here and spent two days the city, which was a colony of Rizal’s first impression of Barcelona, the greatest city of Cataluña and Spain’s second largest England. city, was unfavorable Las Ramblas - the most famous street in Barcelona COLOMBO Amor Patrio (Love of Country)- nationalistic essay, Rizal’s first article written on Spain’s RIZAL IN COLOMBO soil-under. Colombo is the capital of Ceylon or currently known as Sri Lanka. His pen-name Laong Laan, appeared in print in Diariong Tagalog on August 20, 1882. In Singapore, Rizal transferred to another ship Djemnah, a French steamer , which left It was published in two texts—Spanish and Tagalog—the Spanish text was the one Singapore for Europe on May 11, 1882 originally written by Rizal in Barcelona, the tagalog text was a Tagalog translation made by May 17, 1882 - Djemnah reached Point Galle, a seacoast town in southern Ceylon. M.H. del Pilar Rizal wrote on his travel diary: “The general appearance of Point Galle is picturesque but Basilio Teodoro Moran - a friend of Rizal in Manila and the publisher of Diariong Tagalog lonely and quiet and at the same time sad” where Rizal sent this article Rizal was enamoured by Colombo because of its scenic beauty and elegant buildings “Colombo is more beautiful, smart and elegant than Singapore, Point Galle and Manila”  RIZAL RIZAL ABROAD Diariong Tagalog - the first Manila bilingual newspaper (Spanish and Tagalog) Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Eugene Sue’s The Wandering Jew - these two A. Los Viajes (Travels) - Rizal’s second article for Diariong Tagalog books aroused Rizal’s sympathy for the oppressed and unfortunate people. inspired Dr. Rizal B. Revista de Madrid (Review of Madrid) - Rizal’s third article November 29, 1882 to prepare a novel that would depict the miseries of his people under the lash of Spanish written in Madrid on but returned to him because the Diariong Tagalog had ceased tyrants publication for lack of funds Rizal received sad news about the cholera that was ravaging Manila and the provinces FIRST VISIT TO PARIS (1883) according to Paciano’s letter, dated September 15, 1882. RIZAL IN PARIS Another sad news from the Philippines was the chatty letter of Chengoy recounting the During his first summer vacation in Madrid, Rizal went to Paris, gay capital of France unhappiness of Leonor Rivera. He commented in a letter to his family: “Paris is the costliest capital in Europe.” In one of his letters (dated May 26, 1882), Paciano advised his younger brother to finish the June 17 to August 20, 1883 - Rizal sojourn in Paris medical course in Madrid. Hotel de Paris - located on 37 Rue de Maubange wherein Rizal billeted but later, he moved Rizal left Barcelona in the fall of 1882 Spain to a cheaper hotel on 124 Rue de Rennes in the Latin Quarter Laennec Hospital - where Rizal observed Dr. Nicaise treating his patients MADRID Lariboisiere Hospital - where Rizal observed the examination of different diseases of RIZAL IN MADRID women November 3, 1882 - Rizal enrolled in the Universidad Central de Madrid (Central University Rizal was impressed by the way the Spanish Mason openly and freely criticized the of Madrid) in two courses—Medicine and Philosophy and Letters government policies and lambasted the friars, which could not be done in Philippines. Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando - Rizal studied painting and sculpture March 1883 - Rizal joined the Masonic lodge called Acacia in Madrid A. Rizal’s only extravagance was investing a few pesetas for a lottery ticket in every draw of Rizal’s reason for becoming a mason was to secure Freemansory’s aid in his fight against the the Madrid Lottery friars in the Philippines B. Rizal spent his leisure time reading and writing at his boarding house, attending the Lodge Solidaridad (Madrid) – Rizal transferred where he became a Master Mason on reunions of Filipino students at the house of the Paterno brothers (Antonio, Maximo and November 15, 1890 Pedro) and practicing fencing and shooting at the gymnasium February 15, 1892 - Rizal was awarded the diploma as Master Mason Orient de France in Antigua Café de Levante -during the summer twilights, this is where Rizal sipped coffee and Paris by Le Grand fraternized with the students from Cuba, Mexico, Argentina, etc Science, Virtue and Labor - Rizal’s only Masonic writing ; a lecture which he delivered in On Saturday evenings, Rizal visited the home of Don Pablo Ortiga y Rey who lived with his 1889 at Lodge Solidaridad, Madrid son (Rafael) and daughter (Consuelo) After Rizal’s departure for Spain, things turned from bad to worse in Calamba: Circulo Hispano-Filipino (Hispano-Philippine Circle) - a society of Spaniards and Filipinos 1. harvests of rice and sugarcane failed on account of drought and locusts which Rizal joined shortly after his arrival in Madrid in 1882 2. the manager of the Dominican-owned hacienda increased the rentals of the lands Me Piden Versos (They Ask Me For Verses) - upon the request of the members of this 3. a dreadful pest killed most of the turkeys. society, Rizal’s wrote this poem which he personally declaimed during the New Year’s Eve Due to hard times in Calamba, the monthly allowances of Rizal in Madrid were late in arrival reception of the Madrid Filipinos held in the evening of December 31, 1882 and there were times when they never arrived ○ In this sad poem, Rizal poured out the cry of his agonizing heart June 24, 1884 - a touching incident in Rizal’s life in Madrid wherein he was broke and was Rizal economized on his living expenses, and with the money he saved, he purchased books unable to take breakfast from a second-hand book store owned by a certain Señor Roses ○ Rizal attended his class at the university, participated in the contest in Greek language and won the gold medal  RIZAL RIZAL ABROAD Evening of June 25, 1884 - a banquet was sponsored by the Filipino community to celebrate Alin Mang Lahi (Any Race) - a patriotic song written by Rizal which asserts that any race the double victory of the Filipino artist in the National Exposition of Fine Arts in Madrid aspires for freedom ○ Luna’s Spoliarium winning the first prize and Hidalgo’s ○ Christian Virgins Exposed to the Populace (Virgenes Cristianas Expuestas al HEIDELBERG, GERMANY (1885-1886) Populacho), second prize RIZAL IN HEIDELBERG June 21, 1884 - Rizal completed his medical course in Spain; he was conferred the degree of February 1, 1886 - Rizal reluctantly left gay Paris for Germany Licentiate in Medicine by the Universidad Central de Madrid February 3, 1886 - Rizal arrived in Heidelberg during,a historic city in Germany famous for its The next academic year (1884-1885), Rizal studied and passed all subjects leading to the old university and romantic surroundings and soon became a member of Chess Player’s degree of Doctor of Medicine but he did not present the thesis required for graduation nor Club. paid the corresponding fees, he was not awarded his Doctor’s diploma Dr. Otto Becker - distinguished German ophthalmologist where Rizal worked — University June 19, 1885 - on his 24th birthday, Rizal was awarded the degree of Licentiate in Eye Hospital Philosophy and Letters by the Universidad Central de Madrid with the rating of “Excellent”: April 22, 1886 - Rizal wrote a fine poem “A Las Flores de Heidelberg” (To the Flowers of (Sobresaliente) Heidelberg) November 26, 1884 - a letter to Rizal’s family written in Madrid wherein he said In the spring of 1886 , Rizal was fascinated by the blooming flowers along the cool banks of ○ My doctorate is not of very much value to me… because although it is useful to the Neckar River. Among them was his favorite flower—the light blue “forget-me-not” a university professor, yet, I believe they (Dominican friars—Z) will never Dr. Karl Ullmer- a kind Protestant pastor where Rizal stayed, who became his good friend appoint me as such in the College of Santo Tomas. I say the same thing of and admirer philosophy and letters which may serve also for a professorship, but I doubt if ○ June 25, 1886- Rizal ended his sojourn at Pastor Ullmer’s home the Dominican fathers will grant it to me. ○ May 29, 1887- Rizal wrote from Munich (Muchen) to Friedrich (Fritz), son of Pastor Ullmer PARIS TO BERLIN (1885-1887) ○ July 31, 1886- Rizal wrote his first letter in German stay with the Ullmers) to RIZAL IN PARIS AND BERLIN Professor Blumentritt , (which he had improved after his Director of the Ateneo of Rizal went to Paris and Germany in order to specialize in ophthalmology — Rizal chose Leitmeritz, Austria this branch of medicine because he wanted to cure his mother’s eye ailment Aritmetica (Arithmetic) - Rizal sent this book he mentioned and was published in two languages—Spanish and Tagalog—by the University of Santo Tomas Press in 1868. the IN GAY PARIS (1885-1886) author was Rufino Baltazar Hernandez, a native of Santa Cruz, Laguna IN GAY PARIS Señor Eusebio Corominas - editor of the newspaper La Publicidad and made a crayon sketch of Don Miguel Morayta, owner of La Publicidad and a statesman IN LEIPZIG AND DRESDEN ○ Rizal gave Editor Corominas issue, for publication RIZAL IN LEIPZIG AND DRESDEN Dr. Louis de Weckert (1852-1906) - leading French ophthalmologist wherein Rizal worked August 9, 1886 - Rizal left Heidelberg as an assistant from November 1885 to February 1886 August 14, 1886 - boarded by a train. Rizal arrived in Leipzig At the studio of Luna, Rizal spent many happy hours. Rizal helped Luna by posing as model Professor Friedrich Ratzel - a famous German historian, Rizal befriend with him in several paintings Dr. Hans Meyer - German anthropologist, a friend of Rizal ○ In Luna’s canvas “The Death of Cleopatra,” Rizal posed as an Egyptian priest. In Rizal found out that the cost of living in Leipzig was cheapest in Europe so that he stayed two another of Luna’s great paintings, “The Blood Compact,” he posed as Sikatuna, months and a half with Trinidad Pardo de Tavera taking the role of Legazpi  RIZAL RIZAL ABROAD Because of his knowledge of German, Spanish, and other European languages, Rizal NOLI ME TANGERE PUBLISHED IN BERLIN (1887) worked as proof-reader in a publisher’s firm The bleak winter of 1886 in Berlin was Rizal’s darkest winter because no money arrived from October 29, 1886 - Rizal left Leipzig for Dresden where he met Dr. Adolph B. Meyer, Calamba and he was flat broke. The diamond ring which his sister, Saturnina, gave him was Director of the Anthropological and Ethnological Museum in the pawnshop. It was memorable in the life of Rizal for two reasons: Rizal heard Mass in a Catholic church; evidently, this Mass impressed him very much, for he 1. it was a painful episode for he was hungry, sick and despondent in a strange city wrote on his diary: “Truly I have never in my life heard a Mass whose music had greater 2. it brought him great joy after enduring so much sufferings, because his first novel, sublimity and intonation.” Noli Me Tangere came off the press in March, 1887 Morning of November 1, 1886 - Rizal left Dresden by train reaching Berlin in the evening Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin - inspired Dr. Rizal to prepare a novel that would depict the miseries of his people under the lash of Spanish tyrants BERLIN January 2, 1884 - in a reunion of Filipinos in the Paterno residence in Madrid, Rizal RIZAL IN BERLIN proposed the writings of a novel about the Philippines by a group of Filipinos Rizal was enchanted by Berlin because of its scientific atmosphere and the absence of Toward the end of 1884, Rizal began writing the novel in Madrid and finished about race prejudice one-half of it. Rizal met for the first time Dr. Feodor Jagor, celebrated German scientist-traveler and When Rizal went to Paris, in 1885, after completing his studies in the Central University of author of Travels in the Philippines, a book which Rizal read and admired during his Madrid, he continued writing the novel, finishing one half of the second half student days in Manila Rizal finished the last fourth of the novel in Germany. He wrote the last few chapters of Dr. Rudolf Virchow - introduced to Rizal by Dr. Jagor; famous German anthropologist the Noli in Wilhelmsfeld in April-June, 1886 Dr. Hans Virchow - son of Dr. Rudolf Virchow, professor of Descriptive Anatomy In Berlin during the winter days of February, 1886, Rizal made the final revisions on the Dr. W. Joest - noted German geographer manuscript of the Noli Dr. Ernest Schweigger (1830-1905) - famous German ophthalmologist where Rizal worked Maximo Viola - Rizal’s friend from Bulacan, arrived in Berlin at the height of Rizal Rizal became a member of the Anthropological Society, the Ethnological Society, and despondency and loaned him the needed funds to publish the novel; savior of Noli the Geographical Society of Berlin, upon the recommendation of Dr. Jagor and Dr. Meyer After the Christmas season, Rizal put the finishing touches on his novel. To save printing Rizal lived in Berlin, famous capital of unified Germany for five reasons: expenses, he deleted certain passages in his manuscript, including a whole chapter— “Elias 1. to gain further knowledge of ophthalmology and Salome” 2. to further his studies of sciences and languages February 21, 1887 - the Noli was finally finished and ready for printing which came out of 3. to observe the economic and political conditions of the German nation press on March 21, 1887. 4. to associate with famous German scientists and scholars Berliner Buchdruckrei-Action-Gesselschaft - a printing shop which charged the lowest 5. to publish his novel, Noli Me Tangere rate, that is, 300 pesos for 2,000 copies of the novel Madame Lucie Cerdole - Rizal’s professor of French in order to master the idiomatic The title Noli Me Tangere is a Latin phrase which means “Touch Me Not”. It is not originally intricacies of the French language conceived by Rizal, for he admitted taking it from the Bible March 11, 1886 - one of Rizal’s important letters written while he was in Germany that Rizal, writing to Felix Hidalgo in French on March 5, 1887 words taken from the Gospel of addressed to his sister, Trinidad St. Luke said: ―Noli Me Tangere, , signify ―do not touch me but Rizal made a mistake , it ○ in this letter, Rizal expressed his high regard and admiration for German womanhood should be the Gospel of St. John (Chapter 20 Verses 13 to 17) which he described as erious, diligent, educated, and friendly. She is not gossipy, Rizal dedicated his Noli Me Tangere to the Philippines—“To My Fatherland” frivolous and quarrelsome ○ Rizal also admired the German customs which he observed well  RIZAL RIZAL ABROAD RIZAL’S GRAND TOUR OF EUROPE WITH VIOLA (1887) FROM LINTZ TO RHEINFALL May 11, 1887 - Rizal and Viola left Berlin by train Munich - where Rizal and Viola sojourned for a short time to savor the famous Munich beer , Dresden - one of the best cities in Germany reputed to be the best in Germany Prometheus Bound - painting wherein Rizal was deeply impressed Nuremberg - one of the oldest cities of Germany Teschen (now Decin, Czechoslovakia) - next stopover after leaving Dresden The Cathedral of Ulm - the largest and tallest cathedral in all Germany From Ulm, they went to Stuttgart, Baden and then Rheinfall (Cascade of the Rhine). At LEITMERITZ Rheinfall, they saw the waterfall, “the most beautiful waterfall of Europe At 1:30pm of May 13, 1887 - the train, with Rizal and Viola on board, arrived at the railroad station of Leitmeritz, Bohemia CROSSING THE FRONTIER TO SWITZERLAND ○ for the first time, the two great scholars—Rizal and Blumentritt—met in person June 2 to 3, 1887 - stayed at Schaffhausen, Switzerland Professor Blumentritt - a kind-hearted, old Austrian professor May 13 to May 16, 1887 - Rizal and Viola stayed in Leitmeritz GENEVA Tourist’s Club of Leitmeritz - which Blumentritt was the secretary; Rizal spoke June 19, 1887 - Rizal treated Viola to a blow-out. It was his 26th birthday extemporaneously in fluent Germany to the officers and members Rizal and Viola spent fifteen delightful days in Geneva May 16, 1887 at 9:45 AM - Rizal and Viola left Leitmeritz by train June 23, 1887 - Viola and Rizal parted ways—Viola returned to Barcelona while Rizal continued the tour to Italy PRAGUE Exposition of the Philippines in Madrid, Spain - Rizal was outraged by this degradation of Dr. Willkomm - professor of natural history in the University of Prague his fellow countrymen the Igorots of Northern Luzon According to Viola, “nothing of importance happened” in this city ITALY VIENNA June 27, 1887 - Rizal reached Rome, the “Eternal City” and also called the “City of the May 20, 1887 - Rizal and Viola arrived in the beautiful city of Vienna, capital of Caesars” Austria-Hungary June 29, 1887 - the Feast Day of St. Peter and St. Paul, Rizal visited for the first time the Vienna was truly the “Queen of Danube” because of its beautiful buildings, religious images, Vatican, the “City of the Popes” and the capital of Christendom. haunting waltzes and majestic charm After a week of wonderful sojourn in Rome, Rizal prepared to return to the Philippines. He Norfentals - one of the greatest Austrian novelists was favorably impressed by Rizal, and had already written to his father that he was coming home years later he spoke highly of Rizal, “whose genius he so much admired.” Hotel Metropole - where Rizal and Viola stayed FIRST HOMECOMING (1887-1888) In Vienna, Rizal received his lost diamond stickpin Rizal was determined to return to the Philippines in spite of Paciano, Silvestre Ubaldo and Chenggoy for the following reasons: DANUBIAN VOYAGE TO LINTZ A. to operate on his mother’s eyes May 24, 1887 - Rizal and Viola left Vienna on a river boat to see the beautiful sights of the B. to serve his people who had long been oppressed by Spanish tyrants Danube River C. to find out for himself how Noli and his other writings were affecting Filipinos and Spaniards in Rizal particularly noticed that the passengers on the river boat were using paper napkins the Philippines and during the meals, which was a novelty to him. Viola, commented that the paper napkins were D. to inquire why Leonor Rivera remained silent “more hygienic and economical than cloth napkins”  RIZAL RIZAL ABROAD Near midnight of August 5, 1887, the Haiphong arrived in Manila B. he could fight better his enemies and serve his country’s cause with greater efficacy August 8, 1887 - Rizal returned to Calamba by writing in foreign countries In Calamba, Rizal established a medical clinic. His first patient was his mother, who was Himno Al Trabajo (Hymn to Labor) - a poem written by Rizal dedicated to the industrious almost blind. folks of Lipa as per requestby his friend im commemoration of Lipa’s Cityhood Rizal, who came to be called “Doctor Uliman” because he came from Germany, treated their ailments and soon he acquired a lucrative medical practice HONGKONG AND MACAO (1888) RIZAL IN HONGKONG STORM OVER THE NOLI February 3, 1888 - Rizal left Manila for Hong Kong on board the Zafiro and arrived on Governor General Emilio Terrero (1885-1888) - requesting Rizal to come to Malacańang February 8, 1888 in Hongkong. Palace Jose Sainz de Varanda - a Spaniard, who was a former secretary of Governor General Don Jose Taviel de Andrade -a young Spanish lieutenant assigned by Governor General Terrero, shadowed Rizal’s movement in Hong Kong Terrero to posed as bodyguard of Rizal ○ It is believed that he was commissioned by the Spanish authorities to spy on Rizal. Msgr. Pedro Payo (a Dominican) - sent a copy of Noli to Father Rector Gregorio Echavarria of the University of Sto. Tomas for examination by a committee of the faculty RIZAL IN MACAO ○ The report of the faculty members of University of Santo Tomas stated that the Noli Macao is a Portuguese colony near Hong Kong was “heretical, impious, and scandalous in the religious order and February 18, 1888 - Rizal, accompanied by Basa, boarded the ferry steamer, KiuKiang for anti-patriotic, subversive of public order, injurious to the government of Spain Macao where they stayed at Don Juan Francisco Lecaros’ home. and its function in the Philippine Islands in the political order” They left on February 20, 1888 in Hongkong and left Hongkong again on February 22, Permanent Commission of Censorship - a committee composed of priest and laymen 1888 to Japan headed by Fr. Salvador Font, Augustinian cura of Tondo, head of the committee, recommended “that the importation, reproduction, and circulation of this pernicious ROMANTIC INTERLUDE IN JAPAN (1888) book in the islands be absolutely prohibited.” RIZAL IN JAPAN Fr. Jose Rodriguez wrote Cuestiones de Sumo Interes (Questions of Supreme Interest) and February 28, 1888 - early in the morning of Tuesday, Rizal arrived in Yokohama. He Vicente Barrantes criticized the Noli in an article published in La Espańa Moderna (a registered at the Grand Hotel. newspaper of Madrid) in January, 1890 March 7, 1888 - Rizal checked out of Tokyo Hotel and lived at the Spanish Legation as per What marred Rizal’s happy days in Calamba with Lt. Andrade were invitation of ○ the death of his older sister, Olimpia, and Juan Perez Caballero, secretary of the Spanish Legation ○ the groundless tales circulated by his enemies that he was “a German spy, an He met 23-year-old Usui or O-SeiSan as he called her, together they spent sweet hours and agent of Bismarck, a Protestant, a Mason, a witch, a soul beyond salvation, divine afternoon amidst the breathtaking cherry blossoms. etc.” ○ She was a descendant of a Japanese samurai class April 13, 1888 - Rizal left Japan and boarded the Belgic, an English steamer, at Yokohama, FAREWELL TO CALAMBA bound for the United States The friars asked Governor General Terrero to deport him, but latter refused because there was no valid charge against Rizal in court. Rizal was compelled to leave Calamba for two reasons: A. his presence in Calamba was jeopardizing the safety and happiness of his family and friends  RIZAL RIZAL ABROAD UNITED STATES (1888) LA SOLIDARIDAD RIZAL IN UNITED STATES It was founded by Graciano Lopez Jaena as a patriotic newspaper which aims were as April 28, 1888 - the steamer Belgic, with Rizal on board, docked at San Francisco on follows: Saturday morning and stayed there for 2 days and went to Oakland and reached New York 1. to work peacefully for political and social reforms on May 16, 1888 2. to portray the deplorable conditions of the Philippines so that Spain may remedy May 16, 1888 - Rizal left New York and went to the City of Rome. He said that, “America is them the land par excellence of freedom but only for the whites” 3. to oppose the evil forces of reaction and medievalism 4. to advocate liberal ideas and progress LONDON (1888-1889) 5. to champion the legitimate aspirations of the Filipino people to life, democracy and RIZAL IN LONDON happiness After visiting the United States, Rizal lived in London from May, 1888 to March, 1889 for three reasons: 1. to improve his knowledge of the English language RIZAL LEFT LA SOLIDARIDAD 2. to study and annotate Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, a rare copy of which he Rizal stopped writing for La Solidaridad, it was because of several reasons: heard to be available in the British Museum 1. Rizal need to work on his book 3. London was a safe place for him to carry on his fight against Spanish tyranny 2. He wanted other Filipinos to work also Rizal stayed as guest at the home of Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor, an exile of 1872 and a 3. Rizal considered it very important to the party that there be unity in the work practicing lawyer in London. By the end of May, Rizal found a modest boarding place at No. 4. Marcelo H. del Pilar is already at the top and Rizal also have his own ideas, it is 37 Chalcot Crescent, Primrose Hill better to leave del Pilar alone to direct the policy Rizal received both good and bad news in London: 1. Bad news, injustices committed by the Spanish authorities on the Filipino people and PARIS-BRUSSELS the Rizal Family, and RIZAL IN PARIS (1889) 2. Good news, the annotating of Morga’s book, Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas Rizal left London and went back to Paris and establish the following: (Historical Events of the Philippine Islands), which was published in Mexico, 1609. 1. Kidlat Club - to bring together young Filipinos in the French capital. 2. Sociedad R.D.L.M. (R.D.L.M Society) - It was patterned after Freemasonry. It had RIZAL AND THE LA SOLIDARIDAD various degrees of membership, “with the members not knowing each other.” The Asociacion La Solidaridad (Solidaridad Association) - a patriotic society, which cooperate aim of the secret society, as stated by Rizal, was “the propagation of all useful in the crusade fro reforms, was inaugurated on December 31, 1888, with the following knowledge—scientific, artistic, and literary, etc.—in the Philippines”. Evidently, officers: there was another aim that is, the redemption of the Malay race ○ Galicano Apacible (president); ○ Graciano Lopez Jaena (vicepresident); RIZAL IN BRUSSELS, BELGIUM ○ Manuel Santa Maria (secretary); January 28, 1890 - Rizal left Paris for Brussels, capital of Belgium with Jose Albert and ○ Mariano Ponce (treasurer) and stayed in a boarding house run by the Jacoby sisters (Suzanne and Marie). ○ Jose Ma. Panganiban (accountant) Rizal was the first to advocate the Filipinization of its orthography By unanimous vote of all members, Rizal was chosen honorary president  RIZAL RIZAL ABROAD BACK IN MADRID OPHTHALMIC SURGEON IN HONG KONG (1891-1892) RIZAL IN MADRID RIZAL IN HONGKONG Early in August, 1890, Rizal arrived in Madrid. Rizal left Europe for Hong Kong, where he lived from November, 1891 to June, 1892. His Rizal recieved a lot of struggles in Madrid such as: reasons for leaving Europe were 1. Jose Ma. Panganiban, his fellow propagandist died. 1. life was unbearable in Europe because of his political differences with M.H. del Pilar 2. Aborted Duel with Antonio Luna and other Filipinos in Spain 3. Rizal challenges Retana to Duel 2. to be near his idolized Philippines and family 4. Infidelity of Leonor Rivera 5. Rizal-Del Pilar Rivalry BORNEO COLONIZATION PROJECT Rizal planned to move the landless Filipino families Filipino families to North Borneo BIARRITZ VACATION (Sabah), rich British-owned island and carve out of its virgin wildness a “New Calamba” RIZAL IN BIARRITZ Governor Eulogio Despujol - the Count of Caspe, a new governor-general after Weyler February, 1891 - Rizal arrived in Biarritz Despujol could not approve the Filipino immigration to Borneo, alleging that “the Philippines Frustrated in romance, Rizal found consolation in writing. Evidently, while wooing Nellie and lacked laborers” and “it was not very patriotic to go off and cultivate foreign soil.” enjoying so “many magnificent moonlight nights” with her, he kept working on his second novel which he began to write in Calamba 1887 2ND HOMECOMING OF RIZAL March 29, 1891 - the eve of his departure from Biarritz to Paris, he finished the manuscript of El Filibusterismo RIZAL BACK IN BRUSSELS Middle of April, 1891 - Rizal was back in Brussels Since abdicating his leadership in Madrid in January, 1891, owing to the intrigues of his jealous compatriots, Rizal retired from the Propaganda Movement or reform crusade May 30, 1891 - revision of the finished manuscript of El Filibusterismo was mostly completed which he started writing in October, 1887. EL FILIBUSTERISMO PUBLISHED IN GHENT (1891) July 5, 1891 - Rizal left Brussels for Ghent, a famous university city in Belgium Valentin Ventura - the savior of the Fili where Rizal gratefully donated the original manuscript and an autographed printed copy September 18, 1891 - El Filibusterismo came off the press-Rizal immediately sent on this date two printed copies to Hong Kong—one for Basa and other for Sixto Lopez