Rivers of india class 9.pdf

ভারতের নদনদী RIVERS OF INDIA  The Antecedent or Inconsequent Drainage: The rivers that existed before the upheaval of the Himalayas and cut their courses southward by making gorges in the mountains are known as the antecedent rivers. Consequent Rivers:The rivers which follow the general direc...

ভারতের নদনদী RIVERS OF INDIA  The Antecedent or Inconsequent Drainage: The rivers that existed before the upheaval of the Himalayas and cut their courses southward by making gorges in the mountains are known as the antecedent rivers. Consequent Rivers:The rivers which follow the general direction of slope are known as the consequent rivers. Most of the rivers of peninsular India are consequent rivers. Subsequent Rivers:A tributary stream that is eroded along an underlying belt of non-resistant rock after the main drainage pattern (consequent river) has been established is known as a subsequent river. Due to the northward slope of the Peninsula towards the Great Plains, the rivers originating from the Vindhyan and the Satpura ranges flow northward into the Ganga system. The Chambal, Sind, Ken, Betwa, Tons and Son meet the Yamuna and the Ganga at right angles. They are the subsequent drainage of the Ganga drainage system. Superimposed Epigenetic (Discordant) or Superinduced Drainage :It is formed when a stream with a course originally established on a cover of rock now removed by erosion, so that the stream or drainage system is independent of the newly exposed rocks and structures. The Damodar, the Subarnarekha OBSEQUENT RIVER Those river which flow to the opposite direction od consequent stream are known as obsequent river.  ANTECEDENT RIVER / পূর্বর্েী নদী ভূ তাত্ত্বিক পত্ত্বিবতত ন হলেও ককালনা নদী যত্ত্বদ ত্ত্বনম্নক্ষলেি সাহালযে কসই অঞ্চলেি ভূ -উন্নেলনি সালে সামঞ্জসে কিলে তাি পূলবতকাি প্রবাহ বজাে িােলত সক্ষম হে, তাহলে তালক পূর্বর্েী নদী (Antecedent River) বলে ।উদা: ত্ত্বসন্ধু, শতদ্রু, ব্রক্ষ্মপুত্র, গঙ্গা প্রভৃ ত্ত্বত নদ-নদীগুত্ত্বেি মস্তলকি ত্ত্বদলকি অংশ ত্ত্বহমােে পবতত উত্ত্বিত হওোি আলগই ঐ অঞ্চলে অবত্ত্বিত ত্ত্বিে । পিবতীলত ত্ত্বহমােে পবতত উিালনি পিও ঐ সকে নদ-নদীগুত্ত্বে ত্ত্বনম্নক্ষলেি মাধ্েলম ঐ অঞ্চলে ত্ত্বনলজলদি প্রবাহ বজাে িােলত সক্ষম হলেলি । তাই উক্ত নদ- নদীগুত্ত্বে পূবতবতী নদীি প্রকৃ ষ্ট উদাহিণ । CONSEQUENT RIVER / আণূগামী নদী ভূ ত্ত্বমি প্রােত্ত্বমক ঢাে অনুযােী এবং ত্ত্বশোস্তলিি নত্ত্বতলক অনুসিণ কলি কয নদী প্রবাত্ত্বহত হে, তালক অনুগামী নদী বলে। The Rivers which follow the general direction of slope are known as the consequent rivers. For example, rivers like Godavari, Krishna and Kaveri, descending from the Western Ghats and flowing into the Bay of Bengal  OBSEQUENT RIVER / বর্পরা নদী Those river which flow to the opposite direction od consequent stream are known as obsequent river. SUPERIMPOSED RIVER / অধ্যাতরাপ নদী ককালনা প্রাচীন ত্ত্বশোস্তলিি উপি পত্ত্বেসত্ত্বঞ্চত হলে নতু ন ত্ত্বশোস্তি সৃত্ত্বষ্ট হলে তাি উপিও একটি নদীলগাষ্ঠী গলে ওলে । বহুত্ত্বদন ধ্লি এই নদীলগাষ্ঠীি নদীগুত্ত্বে ঐ নতু ন ত্ত্বশোস্তলিি উপি ক্ষেকাযত চাত্ত্বেলে একসমে ত্ত্বনলচ অবত্ত্বিত কঠিন ত্ত্বশোস্তলিি উপি প্রত্ত্বতত্ত্বষ্ঠত হে । এইভালব উপলিি ত্ত্বশোস্তলি গঠিত নদী ত্ত্বনলচি ত্ত্বশোস্তলিি উপি অধ্োলিাত্ত্বপত বা আলিাত্ত্বপত হলে, তালক অধ্োলিাপ নদী বা আলিাত্ত্বপত নদী (Superimposed River) বলে. When a river flowing over a softer rock stratum reaches the harder basal rocks but continues to follow the initial slope, it seems to have no relation with the harder rock bed. This type of drainage is called superimposed drainage. The Damodar, the Subarnarekha, the Chambal, the Banas and the rivers flowing at the Rewa Plateau present some good examples of superimposed drainage. 1 1 Indus (Up to border) 3,21,289 3 2 2A Ganga 8,61,452 1 3 2B Brahmaputra 1,94,413 6 4 2C Barak and others 41,723 5 3 Godavari 3,12,812 4 6 4 Krishna 2,58,948 5 7 5 Cauvery 81,155 11 8 6 Subernarekha 29,196 9 7 Brahmani and Baitarni 51,822 10 8 Mahanadi 1,41,589 7 11 9 Pennar 55,213 12 10 Mahi 34,842 13 11 Sabarmati 21,674 14 12 Narmada 98,796 9 15 13 Tapi (Tapti) 65,145 12 West flowing rivers from Tapi to 16 14 55,940 Tadri West flowing rivers from Tadri to 17 15 56,177 Kanyakumari East flowing rivers between 18 16 86,643 10 Mahanadi and Pennar East flowing rivers between 19 17 1,00,139 8 Pennar and Kanyakumari West flowing rivers of Kutch and 20 18 3,21,851 2 Saurashtra including Luni 21 19 Area of inland drainage in Rajasthan Minor rivers draining into 22 20 36,202  উপনদী ও শাখানদী MAIN RIVER MAJOR LEFT BANK TRIBUTARIES MAJOR RIGHT BANK TRIBUTARIES SINDHU বিলাম নদী, চেনার্ নদী, রবর্ নদী, সাোদ্রু নদী, পাঞ্জনাড নদী, ঘাগড়-হাকড়া নদী জাস্কর, ইরার্েী শাত নদী, াক নদী, বগলবগট নদী, কার্ুল , কুরাম নদী , GANGA চগামেী নদী, ঘাঘড়া নদী, গন্ডাকী নদী, চকাবস নদী যমুনা নদী, চসান নদী, পুনপুন রামগঙ্গা, র্াগতমাবে BHAMHAPURTA ধ্ানবসবর নদী, চকাবপবল নদী র্ুবড়বদহং মানস নদী, রা দক নদী, জলধ্াকা নদী, বেস্তা নদী, সুর্ানবসরী নদী YAMUNA টনস নদী ,বগবর নদী: চর্েও া নদী চকন নদী বসন্ধ নদী MAHANADI বসওনাথ হাসতডা, মান্ড, ইর্, জংক ,ওং, চটল  উপনদী ও শাখানদী MAIN RIVER MAJOR LEFT BANK TRIBUTARIES MAJOR RIGHT BANK TRIBUTARIES GODAVARI চপনগঙ্গা প্রভারা, মনবজরা, KRISNA ভীম মুবস ঘটপ্রভা, মালপ্রভা, , টু ঙ্গভর KAVERI হারবঙ্গ নদী , চহমার্েী নদী চহমার্েী নদী লক্ষ্মণ আরকার্েী নদী েীথব আমারার্েী নদী ভর্ানী নদী কাবর্নী নদী NARMADA র্ুরহনার নদী, র্ানজর নদী, চশর নদী, বহরণ নদী, চটন্ডবন নদী, কলার শাককর নদী, দুধ্ী নদী, েও া নদী, নদী, TAPTI বগরনা পূণবা, ভািলতি নদ নদী গুত্ত্বে প্রধ্ানত দুটি ভালগ ত্ত্ববভক্ত 1. উত্তি ভািলতি নদী’ 2. দত্ত্বক্ষণ ভািলতি নদী 2525  Ganga River System The Ganga is formed from the 6 headstreams and their five confluences. The Bhagirathi, considered to be the source stream: rises at the foot of Gangotri Glacier, at Gaumukh, at an elevation of 3892m and fanning out into the 350km wide Ganga delta, it finally empties into the Bay of Bengal. From Devapryag the river is called as Ganga. Near Rajmahal Hills it turns to the south-east. At Farraka, it bifurcates into Bhagirathi-Hugli in West Bengal and Padma-Meghna in Bangladesh (it ceases to be known as the Ganga after Farraka). Brahmaputra (or the Jamuna as it is known here) joins Padma-Meghna at. The total length of the Ganga river from its source to its mouth (measured along the Hugli) is 2,525 km. The drainage area lying in India is nearly 26.2% of the total geographical area. Haridwar, Kanpur, Soron, Kannauj, Allahabad, Varanasi, Patna, Ghazipur, Bhagalpur, Mirzapur, Ballia, Buxar, Saidpur, and Chunar are the important towns. Ganga River System The Five Prayags 1.Devaprayag, the place of confluence of Bhagirathi river and Alaknanda river. 2.Rudraprayag, the place of confluence of Mandakini river and Alaknanda river. 3.Nandaprayag, the place of confluence of Nandakini river and Alaknanda river. 4.Karnaprayag, the place of confluence of Pindar river and Alaknanda river. 5.Vishnuprayag, the place of confluence of Dhauliganga river and Alaknanda river. SON PRAYAG:- MANDAKINI AND BASUKI KESHAV PRAYAG:- ALAKANANDA AND SARASWATI KEDAR PRAYAG:- KEDAR GANGA AND MANDAKINI KALSI PRAYAG:- TONS AND YAMUNA প্র াগ / Confluence MANDAKINI VISHNU PRAYAG NANDA PRAYAG DHOULI GANGA RUDRA PRAYAG ALAKANANDA KARNA PRAYAG DEVA PRAYAG NANDAKINI PINDAR ALLAHABAD PROYAG / PROYAG RAJ Major Tributaries of the Ganga River Right Bank Tributaries Left Bank Tributaries Yamuna River Ramganga River Chambal River Gomti River Banas River Ghaghra River Sind River Kali River Betwa River Gandak River Ken River Burhi Gandak Son River Kosi River Damodar River Major Tributaries of the Ganga River The Yamuna, Largest and the most important tributary. It originates from the Yamnotri glacier on the Bandarpunch Peak in the Garhwal region in Uttarakhand a Its main affluent in the upper reaches is the Tons which also rises from the Bandarpunch glacier. It joins Yamuna below Kalsi before the latter leaves the hills. At this site, the water carried by the Tons is twice the water carried by the Yamuna. It unites with the Ganga near Triveni Sangam, Allahabad. The total length of the Yamuna from its origin till Allahabad is 1,376 km. The important tributaries of the Yamuna River are Tons, Chambal, Sindh, Betwa and Ken The Son The Son River rises in the Amarkantak Plateau. It joins the Ganga near Danapur in Patna district of Bihar. It flows for a distance of 784 km from its source. Tributaries:- North koel, Gopat, Rihand, Kanhar Almost all the tributaries join it on its right bank. COMMENT (0)  Damodar river The Damodar river rises in the hills of the Chotanagpur plateau and flows through a rift valley. It has a number of tributaries and subtributaries, such as Barakar, Konar, Bokaro, Haharo, etc. The Barakar is the most important tributary of the Damodar. Several dams have been constructed in the valley, for the generation of hydroelectric power. The valley is called “the Ruhr of India”. The first dam was built across the Barakar River, a tributary of the Damodar river. It used to cause devastating floods as a result of which it earned the name ‘Sorrow of Bengal’. Now the river is tamed by constructing numerous dams. It joins the Hugli River 48 km below Kolkata. The total length of the river is 541 km. The Gandak Originates near the Tibet-Nepal border at a height of 7,620 m It receives a large number of tributaries in Nepal Himalaya. Its important tributaries are the Kali Gandak, the Mayangadi, the Bari and the Trishuli. It debouches into the plains at It flows into Ganga at Hajipur in Bihar. The Ghaghara Its source is near Gurla Mandhata peak, south of Manasarovar in Tibet (river of the trans-Himalayan origin). It is known as the Karnaili in Western Nepal. Its important tributaries are the Sarda (kali ), the Sarju (Ayodhya is located on its bank) and the Rapti. The total length of Ghaghara River up to its confluence with the Ganges at Revelganj in Bihar The Kosi an antecedent river its source to the north of Mount Everest in Tibet, where its main stream Arun rises. Saptakaushiki:- Sut Kosi, Tamba kosi, talkha, Doodh kosi, Botia Kosi, Arun and Tamber :- Eastern Nepal 3 main streams:- Tumar, Arun, Sun kosi Unite at Triveni of Mahabharat range Sorrow of Bihar The Ramganga Source:- rising in the Garhwal hills near Gairsain. joins the Ganga near Kannauj. Gomati River, also called Gumti, tributary of the Ganges (Ganga) River, central Uttar Pradesh state, northern India. It rises in northern Uttar Pradesh about 32 miles (51 km) east of Pilibhit and is intermittent for the first 35 miles (56 km) of its course, becoming perennial after its junction with the Joknai. Chambal River The Chambal rises in the highlands of Janapao Hills (700 m) in the Vindhyan Range. It flows through the Malwa Plateau. It joins the Yamuna in Etawah district of Uttar Pradesh. The total length of the river is 1,050 km. Banas River TRIBUTARIES OF YAMUNA The Banas is a tributary of the Chambal. It originates in the southern part of the Aravali Range. It join the Chambal on Rajasthan – Madhya Pradesh border near Sawai Madhopur. Betwa River The Betwa rises in Bhopal district (Vindhyan Range) and joins the Yamuna near It has a total length of 590 km. The Dhasan is its important tributary. Ken River TRIBUTARIES OF YAMUNA The Ken river rising from the Barner Range of Madhya Pradesh joins the Yamuna near Chila. River Source Bhagirathi (Ganga) Gangotri glacier Yamuna Yamnotri glacier on the Bandarpunch Peak Chambal (TRIBUTARy of Yamuna) Janapao Hills in the Vindhya Range Banas (tributary of Chambal) Aravali Range Betwa (tributary of Yamuna) Bhopal district Ken ( tributary of Yamuna) Barner Range Son ( Amarkantak Plateau Damodar (‘Sorrow of Bengal’) Chotanagpur plateau Ramganga River Garhwal district of Uttarakhand Ghaghra River Gurla Mandhata peak, south of Manasarovar in Tibet (river of the trans-Himalayan origin) The Kali River (border between Nepal and Glaciers of trans-Himalayas Uttarakhand) (tributary of ghaghra) Tumar, Arun and Sun Kosi unite at Triveni north of the Mahabharata Kosi (‘Sorrow of Bihar’) Range to form the Kosi.  নদীর নাম উৎস পেনস্থল দদঘব য উপনদী যমুনা যমুলনাত্রী ত্ত্বহমবাহ 6330 ত্ত্বমটাি গঙ্গাি 1376 চম্বে, কবলতাো, ককন, ত্ত্বসন্ধ (গঙ্গাি দীর্ততম উচ্চতাে উপনদী ত্ত্বকলোত্ত্বমটাি উপনদী) িামগঙ্গা গালোোে কজোে 3110 ত্ত্বমটাি ---- 596 কো, গানগান, অত্ত্বিে ককাত্ত্বশ উচ্চতা ত্ত্বকলোত্ত্বমটাি র্র্তিা মানস সলিাবলিি দত্ত্বক্ষলন গুিো ---- 1080 িাত্ত্বি, সািদা, সিযূ মালডাটা শৃলঙ্গি কালি। ত্ত্বকলোত্ত্বমটাি গণ্ডক ত্ত্বতব্বত-কনপাে সীমান্ত 7620 ---- 425 (ভািলত) কােীগণ্ডক, মাোনগাডী, ত্ত্বমটাি উচ্চতাে বাত্ত্বি ত্ত্বত্রশূেী ককাত্ত্বশ ত্ত্বসত্ত্বকম-কনপাে ত্ত্বতব্বত ত্ত্বহমােে ---- 730 (ভািলত) অরুণ, টু মাি (সবতাত্ত্বধ্ক গত্ত্বতপে পত্ত্বিবতত ন কাত্ত্বি) (Sorrow of Bihar) দালমাদি কিাটনাগপুি মােভূ ত্ত্বমি োমািলপাত হুগত্ত্বে নদী 541 বিাকি, ককানাি, কবাকালিা, পাহাে জামুত্ত্বিো Brahmaputra River System Region Name Tibet Tsangpo (meaning ‘The Purifier’) China Yarlung Zangbo Jiangin Assam Valley Dihang or Siong, South of Sadiya Brahmaputra Jamuna River Padma River: Combined Waters of Ganga and Bangladesh Brahmaputra Meghana: From the confluence of Padma and Meghna Brahmaputra River System  It is 2,900 km in length. Source: Chemayungdung glacier (Kailas Range) at an elevation of about 5,150 m. It’s source is very close to the sources of Indus and Satluj. Mariam La separates the source of the Brahmaputra from the Manasarovar Lake. Brahmaputra flows eastwards in Southern Tibet for about 1,800 km. Towards the end of its journey in Tibet, its course abruptly takes a south ward turn around Namcha Barwa (7,756 m)(Syntaxial Bend). Here it cuts across the eastern Himalaya through the Dihang or Siang Gorge and emerges from the mountains near Sadiya in the Assam Valley. Here it first flows under the name of Siong and then as the Dihang. In the north-eastern parts of Assam Valley, it is joined by two important tributaries viz, the Dibang (or Sikang) from the north and Lohit from the south. The main streams merging with the Brahmaputra from the north are, Subansiri, Kameng, Dhansiri (north), Raidak, Tista etc.. The river is nearly 16 km wide at Dibrugarh and Lakhimpur district forms many islands (brahapurtra kherkutia), the most important of which is MAJULI. It is 90 km long and measures 20 km at its widest.  Brahmaputra bends southwards ( garo hills) and enters Bangladesh near Dhubri. It flows for a distance of 270 km in the name of Jamuna river and joins the Ganga (Padma) The united stream of the Jamuna and the Ganga flows further in the name of PADMA. From the confluence of Padma and Meghna, the combined river is known as the Meghna which makes a very broad estuary before pouring into the Bay of Bengal. Major Tributaries of the Brahmaputra River Left bank – Dhansiri, Lohit, Dibang Right Bank – Subansiri, Kameng, Manas, Sankosh বসন্ধু নদ (Indus) (২৮৮০ ত্ত্বকত্ত্বম, ভািলত ৭০৯ ত্ত্বকত্ত্বম) উৎসঃ ত্ত্বতব্বলতি মানস সলিাবি হ্রদ এি 100 ত্ত্বকত্ত্বম উত্তলি বসন- কা -র্ার্ নামক ত্ত্বহমবাহ কেলক উৎপন্ন হলেলি। গবেপথঃ ত্ত্বসন্ধু নদ উৎপন্ন হবাি পি দত্ত্বক্ষণ পূবত কেলক উত্তি-পত্ত্বিলম প্রাে আোইলশা ত্ত্বকত্ত্বম পে অত্ত্বতক্রম কলি ভািলতি জম্মু-কাশ্মীি িালজে প্রলবশ কলিলি । কাশ্মীলি ত্ত্বসন্ধু দত্ত্বক্ষণ-পূবত উত্তি-পত্ত্বিলম প্রাে পাাঁচশ ষাট ত্ত্বকত্ত্বম পে উপতেকাি মধ্ে ত্ত্বদলে প্রবাত্ত্বহত হে এবং বুত্ত্বঞ্জি কালি গভীি োদ ককলট (৫২০০ ত্ত্বকত্ত্বম গভীি ) দত্ত্বক্ষলন কবাঁলক পুনিাে নব্বই ত্ত্বকত্ত্বম পে অত্ত্বতক্রম কলি পাত্ত্বকস্তালন প্রলবশ কলিলি এবং পলি দত্ত্বক্ষণ-পত্ত্বিলম প্রবাত্ত্বহত হলে প্রাে 2200 ত্ত্বকত্ত্বম পে অত্ত্বতক্রম কলি কিাত্ত্বচি দত্ত্বক্ষণ-পূবত ত্ত্বদলক আিব সাগলি পলেলি। উপনদীঃ ত্ত্বসন্ধুি সালে বহু উপনদী এলস ত্ত্বমত্ত্বেত হলেলি । এিমলধ্ে ত্ত্ববতস্তা(ত্ত্বিোম), চন্দ্রভাগা, ইিাবতী, ত্ত্ববপাশা, শতদ্রু নদী ত্ত্ববলশষ উলেেলযাগে।  TAJI. CHINA Origin - Tibet near manasarovar & south AFGHA. of Mt Kailash Ladakh Gilgit Baltistan Region ( south of Karakoram) PAKISTA Sharp hair pin turn (nanga parbat) Pakistan (karachi) Major Rivers of Indus River Source Length System Glaciers of Kailas Range 2880 km total. Indus (Close to Manasarovar Lake) 710 km in India Jhelum Verinag 720 km Chenab(largest) (Chandra Bara Lacha Pass 1180 km bhaga) Ravi ( indo –pak border) Near Rohtang Pass 725 km Beas (entirely in India) Near Rohtang Pass 460 km Manasarovar-Rakas Lakes 1450 km total Satluj (longest) List of important passes 1050 km in India given in previous posts indus River ·India got her name from Indus. ·'The Indus Valley Civilization' was born around this river. It flows in north-west direction from its source (Glaciers of Kailas Range - Kailash range in Tibet near Lake Manasarovar) till the Nanga Parbhat Range. It originates in the Sengkhabb sources 62.5 miles north of Kailash in the Greater Himalayas It's length is about 2,880 km. Its total drainage area is about 1,165,000 square km [more than half of it lies in semiarid plains of Pakistan It flows through the regions of Ladakh, Baltistan and Gilgit. ·lt is joined by the Zaskar River at Leh (these kind of points are important for prelims).  A F G H A N I S T A N C n N P P A K I S T A N New - Delhi I A A S E A L AN indus River ·The ,Zaskar (left), Shyok (right) Nubra, Gilgit (right) Hunza are the other Himalayan tributaries of the Indus. ·lt crosses the Himalayas (ends its mountainous journey) through a 5181 m deep gorge near Attock, lying north of the Nanga Parbat. It takes a sharp southerly bend here (syntaxial bend). Just above Mithankot, the Indus receives from Panjnad {Panchnad), the accumulated waters of the five eastern tributaries-the Jhelum, the Chenab, the Ravi, the Beas and the Satluj. ·The river empt ies int o t he Arabian Sea south of Karachi after forming a huge delt a Five Doabs from east to west in the Punjab region are: - 1. Bist Doab - T h e Between Satluj and Beas rivers. - 2. Bari Doab - Between va l a Beas and Ravi rivers. Legend 3. Rachna Doab - Between Ravi and Sindh Sagar Doab Chenab rivers. -.Jech Doab 4. Chai / Jech Doab - Between Chenab and Jhelum rivers. 5. The Sindh Sagar Bari Doab Doab is the area between the Indus Bist Doab River and the Jhelum River. / s«r  Peninsular Rivers The Peninsular drainage system is older than the Himalayan one. The Western Ghats running close to the western coast act as the water divide between the major Peninsular Rivers, discharging their water in the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea. Most of the major Peninsular Rivers except Narmada and Tapi flow fram west to east. The Chambal, the Sind, the Betwa, the Ken, the Son, originating in the northern part of the Peninsula belong to the Ganga river system. The other major river systems of the peninsular drainage are - the Mahanadi the Godavari, the Krishna and the Kaveri. Peninsular rivers are characterised by fixed course, absence of meanders and non-perennial flow of water. Dalta are found in the east coast and estuaries are found in the west Deltas form at the mouths of rivers that transport enough sediment to build outward. In contrast, estuaries are present where the ocean or lake waters flood up into the river valley. The key difference between the two is where the sediment transported by the river is deposited Peninsular Rivers flowing in Arabian Sea (East ➔West) ,, - - s - d « « -- -...._ - ,,... - A D I YA A D E S - D e c ; ~1. -::_~ 2 -~C.............---~-=D=~RA & MAHARAS'tfi"RA~.._ _ - - - --JE ,~.:l... ~!:.:.~ :- ---.."!l:.*.-i;.:c,li"':::l::  Peninsular Rivers flowing in Arabian Sea (East ➔West) Narmada River ·Narmada is the largest west flowing river of the peninsular India. ·Narmada flows westwards through a rift valley between the Vindhyan Range on ts and the Satpura Range on the south. ·lt rises from Maikala range near Amarkantak in Madhya Pradesh Narmada basin extends over states of Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra and Ch hattisga rh Its total length from its source in Amarkantak to its estuary in the Gulf of Khambhat is 1,310 km. ·lt makes two waterfalls of 12 m each at Mandhar and Dardi. Near Maheshwar the river again descends from another small fall of 8 m, known as the Sahasradhara Falls. ·The river slopes down near Jabalpur where it cascades (a small w at erf all, especially one in a series) 15 m into a gorge to form the Dhuan Dhar Falls ·The major Hydro Power Project in the basin are Indira Sagar, Sardar Sarovar, Omkareshwar, Bargi & Maheshwar. ·The other tributaries are the Orsang, the Barna the Kolar and Hiran.  Peninsular Rivers flowing in Arabian Sea (East ➔West) Tapti River ·The Tapti (also known as the Tapi) is the second largest west flowing river of the Peninsular India and is known as 'the twin' or 'the handmaid' of the Narmada. ·lt originates near Multai reserve forest in Madhya Pradesh Flows for about 724 km before outfalling into the Arabian Sea through the Gulf of Cambay [Gulf of Khambhat]. The Tapi river like the Narmada river also flows in a rift valley Right Bank: the Suki, the Gomai, the Arunavati and the Aner. ·Left Bank: the Vaghur, the Amravati, the Buray, the Panjhra, the Bori, the Girna, the Purna, the Mona and the Sipna.  Peninsular Rivers flowing in Arabian Sea (East ➔West) Sabarmati River ·The Sabarmati is the name given to the combined streams the Sabar and Hathmati. Sabarmat i originat es from Aravalli hills at an elevation of 762 m near village Tepur, in Udaipur dist rict of Rajasthan. ·The total length of river from origin to outfall into the Arabian Sea is 371 km. Left bank tributaries: the Wakal, the Hathmati and the Vatrak. Right bank tributaries: the Sei. Project s: Sabarmat i reservoir (Dharoi), Hat hmat i reservoir and Meshwo reservoir project are major project s complet ed during t he plan period.  Peninsular Rivers flowing in Arabian Sea (East ➔West) Mahi River ·lt originates from the northern slopes of Vindhyas at an altitude of 500 min Dhar district of Madhya Pradesh. ·The total length of Mahi is 583 km. ·lt drains into the Arabian Sea through the Gulf of Khambhat. Hydro Power stations are located in Mahi Bajaj Sagar dam and at Kadana Dam. it cuts the tropic of cancer twice. ·The principal tributaries of the Mahi River are Som, Jakham, Moran, Anas, and the Bhadar.  Peninsular Rivers flowing in Arabian Sea (East ➔West) Luni River ·lt rises from a place near Pushkar in two branches- Saraswati and Sabarmati which join with each other at Govindgarh. From here, the river comes out of the Aravalis and is known as Luni. traversing a course of 511 km in Rajasthan, it finally flow into the Rann of Kachchh (it gets lost in the marsh). Rises from Western Ghats in Kera la Periyar Flows towards west & drains in Arabian Sea via an estuary  East Flowing Peninsular Rivers Mahanadi River Godavari River Krishna River Kaveri (Cauvery) River Pennar River Subarnarekha River Brahamani River Sarada River Ponnaiyar River Vaigai River  Mahanadi River 900km The Mahanadi basin extends over states of Chhattisgarh and Odisha and comparatively smaller portions of Jharkhand, Maharashtra River Mahanadi originates from Sihawa Mountain in Chhattisgarh while river Narmada originates from Amarkantak. The Mahanadi is one of the major rivers of the peninsular rivers, in water potential and flood producing capacity, it ranks second to the Godavari. Its upper course lies in the saucer-shaped basin called the ‘Chhattisgarh Plain’. After receiving the Seonath River, it turns east and enters Odisha state. At Sambalpur the Hirakud Dam (longest dams in India) on the river has formed a man-made lake 35 miles (55 km) long. Mahanadi River 900km It enters the Odisha plains near Cuttack and enters the Bay of Bengal at False Point by several channels. This basin is surrounded by hills on the north, west and south as a result of which a large number of tributaries join the main river from these sides. Left bank Tributaries: The Seonath, the Hasdeo, the Mand and the Ib. Right bank Tributaries: The Ong, the Tel and the Jonk. The basin is subject to severe flooding occasionally in the delta area due to inadequate carrying capacity of the channels. The multi-purpose Hirakud dam provides some amount of flood relief by storing part of flood water. However, the problem still persists and a lasting solution need to be evolved. Godavari River 1465 km The Godavari is the largest river system of the Peninsular India and is revered as Dakshina Ganga. The Godavari basin extends over states of Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Odisha in addition to smaller parts in Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka and Union territory of Puducherry The Godavari River rises from Trimbakeshwar in the Nashik district of Maharashtra about 80 km from the Arabian Sea Left Bank Tributaries: Dharna, Penganga, Wainganga, Wardha, Pranahita [conveying the combined waters of Penganga, the Wardha and Wainganga], Pench, Kanhan, Sabari, Indravati etc. Right Bank Tributaries: Pravara, Mula, Manjra, Peddavagu, Maner etc. Godavari River 1465 km The river after Rajamundri splits into several branches (gautami Godavari , east vashishta Godavari, south ) forming a large delta. Some important cities on the banks of Godavari river are Nashik, Bhadrachalam, Rajahmundry and Narsapur. Krishna River 1400 km The Krishna is the second largest east flowing river of the Peninsula. The Krishna Basin extends over Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra and Karnataka The Krishna River rises from the Western Ghats near Jor village of Satara district of Maharashtra just north of Mahabaleshwar. Right bank: the Ghatprabha, the Malprabha and the Tungabhadra. Left Bank: the Bhima, the Musi and the Munneru. The Koyna is a small tributary but is known for Koyna Dam. The Bhima originates from the Matheron Hills and joins the Krishna near Raichur after for a distance of 861 km. The Tungabhadra is formed by the unification of the Tunga and the Bhadra originating from Gangamula in the Central Sahyadri. Its total length is 531 km. Krishna River 1400 km At Wazirabad, it receives its last important tributary, the Musi, on whose banks the city of Hyderabad is located. Tunagabhadra is a major inter-States project in the basin. In order to operate the project and to regulate the flows among the beneficiary States of Karnataka and Andhara Pradesh. Cauvery River 800km The Kaveri (Cauvery) is designated as the ‘the Ganga of the South’. The Cauvery River rises at Talakaveri on the Brahmagiri range near Cherangala village of Kodagu (Coorg) district of Karnataka. The Cauvery basin extends over states of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala and Union Territory of Puducherry Left Bank: the Harangi, the Hemavati, the Shimsha and the Arkavati. Right Bank: Lakshmantirtha, the Kabbani, the Suvarnavati, the Bhavani, the Noyil and the Amaravati joins from right The river descends from the South Karnataka Plateau to the Tamil Nadu Plains through the Sivasamudram waterfalls The falls supply hydroelectric power to Mysore, Bengaluru, and the Kolar Gold Fields. Cauvery River 800km During the pre-plan period many projects were completed in this basin which included Krishnarajasagar in Karnataka, Mettur dam and Cauvery delta system in Tamil Nadu. Lower Bhavani, Hemavati, Harangi, Kabini are important projects completed duing the plan period. Pennar River 597 km The Pennar (also known as Uttara Pinakini) is one of the major rivers of the peninsula. The Pennar rises in the Chenna Kasava hill of the Nandidurg range, in Chikkaballapura district of Karnataka and flows towards east eventually draining into the Bay of Bengal. Left Bank: the Jayamangali, the Kunderu and the Right bank: the Chiravati, the Papagni etc. Tungabhadra high level canal in Krishna basin irrigated areas in Pennar basin also. The only major project in the basin is the Somasila project. Pennar River 597 km Subarnarekha 395km The Subarnarekha originates from the Ranchi Plateau in Jharkhand forming the boundary between West Bengal and Odisha in its lower course. It joins Bay of Bengal forming an estuary between the Ganga and Mahanadi deltas Brahamani River 800 km The Brahmani river comes into existence by the confluence of the Koel and the Sankh rivers near Rourkela. It has a total length of 800 km. The basin is bounded in the North by Chhotanagpur plateau, in the West and South by the Mahanadi basin and in the East by the Bay of Bengal. The basin flows through Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Orissa States and drains into Bay of Bengal. Subarnarekha 395km The Subarnarekha originates from the Ranchi Plateau in Jharkhand forming the boundary between West Bengal and Odisha in its lower course. It joins Bay of Bengal forming an estuary between the Ganga and Mahanadi deltas Brahamani River 800 km The Brahmani river comes into existence by the confluence of the Koel and the Sankh rivers near Rourkela. It has a total length of 800 km. The basin is bounded in the North by Chhotanagpur plateau, in the West and South by the Mahanadi basin and in the East by the Bay of Bengal. The basin flows through Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Orissa States and drains into Bay of Bengal.  নদীর েীরর্েী শহর নগি - আগ্রা - যমুনা নদী নগি - বদত্ত্বিনাে - আোকানন্দ নগি - এোহাবাদ - গঙ্গা, যমুনা নদী নগি - ত্ত্বদত্ত্বে - যমুনা নদী নগি - ত্ত্বিলিাজপুি - সুতেজ নগি - হত্ত্বিদ্বাি - গঙ্গা নদী শহি - কানপুি - গঙ্গা নদী নগি - কনুতে - টু ঙ্গভদ্র শহি - কসালকাভা র্াট - ব্রহ্মপুত্র নদ শহি - পাটনা - গঙ্গা নদী শহি - শ্রীনগি - ত্ত্বিোম নদী শহি - সুিত - তত্ত্বি নদী নগি - ত্ত্ববজেওোদা - কৃ ষ্ণা নদী শহি - েেলনৌ - কগামতী নদী নগি - ত্ত্বডব্রুগে - ব্রহ্মপুত্র নদ নগি - গুোহাটি - ব্রহ্মপুত্র নদ নগি - জবেপুি - নমতদা নদী নগি - ককাটা - চাম্বে নদী শহি - কটক - মহানদী নগি - নাত্ত্বসক - কগাদাবিী নগি - সমবেপুি - মহানদী নগি - শ্রীিাঙ্গাপত্তনম - কালবিী নদী নগি - বািাণসী - গঙ্গা নদী নগি - েুত্ত্বধ্োনা - সুতেজ নদী নগি - হােদিাবাদ - মুত্ত্বস নদী নগি - মেুিা - যমুনা নদী