Risk factor.docx

NON-MODIFIABLE Remarks 1. Genetic abnormalities Certain genetic conditions such as familial hypercholesterolemia. 2. Family history The most common risk factors, such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes mellitus, are inherited in a polygenic manner. 3. Increasing age Atherosclero...

NON-MODIFIABLE Remarks 1. Genetic abnormalities Certain genetic conditions such as familial hypercholesterolemia. 2. Family history The most common risk factors, such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes mellitus, are inherited in a polygenic manner. 3. Increasing age Atherosclerosis becomes clinically manifest in middle age or later. In men, the risk increases after age 45, while in women, after age 55 4. Male gender 5. Postmenopausal female . Estrogen is protected against atherosclerosis so women in reproductive age are affected less than male. MODIFIABLE REMARKS 1. Hyperlipidemia Hyperlipidemia (more specifically, hypercholesterolemia) is a major risk factor and is enough to induce lesions in the absence of other risk factors. 2. Hypertension Increased pressure damages the walls of blood vessels 3. Smoking The chemical products damage blood vessels 4. Diabetes Diabetes mellitus induces hypercholesterolemia and is associated with obesity and physical inactivity 5. Sedentary lifestyle/ Lack of exercise 6. Excess alcohol Excess alcohol consumption is associated with hypertension. 7. Obesity Central Obesity is an independent risk factor, although it is often associated with others such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus and physical inactivity.