Revision Cell Biology 1 PDF

# TOPIC 2: ORGANISATION OF THE ORGANISM ## Complete the table to describe the function of each organelle and state which type of cells they are present in. | Organelle | Function | Found in: | |---|---|---| | Plant Cells | Animal Cells | | Nucleus | Controls the activities of the cell | ✓ | ✓ | |...

# TOPIC 2: ORGANISATION OF THE ORGANISM ## Complete the table to describe the function of each organelle and state which type of cells they are present in. | Organelle | Function | Found in: | |---|---|---| | Plant Cells | Animal Cells | | Nucleus | Controls the activities of the cell | ✓ | ✓ | | Cytoplasm | Place where many chemical reactions occur. Contains organelles (e.g. ribosomes, RER, & vesicles) | ✓ | ✓ | | Chloroplast | Contains chlorophyll & essential enzymes to produce glucose by photosynthesis | ✓ | X | | Cell Wall | Supports & protects the cell | ✓ | X | | Cell Membrane | Controls movement of substances in & out of the cell | ✓ | ✓ | | Vacuole | Contains cell sap. Presses out on the cell wall to maintain shape | X | ✓ | | Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum | Contain ribosomes to synthesise proteins | ✓ | ✓ | | Ribosomes | Synthesise proteins | ✓ | ✓ | | Mitochondria | Site of aerobic respiration to release energy | ✓ | ✓ | ### Draw and label the structures of an animal and a plant cell. * **Animal cell**: * Cytoplasm * Nucleus * Ribosome * Mitochondrion * Cell membrane * **Plant cell** * Chloroplast * Vacuole * Cell wall ### Which organelle would you expect a cell with a high rate of metabolism to have and why? Mitochondria. Cells with high metabolic rates, such as muscle cells, require more energy to be released from respiration. ### Identify the mitochondria (M) and rough endoplasmic reticulum (R) from teh image below. ## **Complete the table to describe the function of the specialised cell and explain how it is adapted:** | Cell | Function | How is it specialised? | |---|---|---| | Ciliated Cells | Movement of mucus in the trachea | Layer of tiny hairs to move the mucus | | Root Hair Cells | Absorption of water & ions in roots of plants | Long extensions to increase surface area | | Xylem vessels | Transport water & support the plant | No cytoplasm or end wall, so water can move freely | | Palisade Mesophyll | Site for photosynthesis | Cells tightly packed together & contain a lot of chloroplasts | | Nerve Cells | Conduction of nerve impulses (e.g. reflexes) | Long axon and many branched endings to pass the signal quickly and to many other nerve cells | | Red Blood Cells | Transport of oxygen | No nucleus & biconcave - more room for haemoglobin & oxygen | | Sperm Cells | Reproduction | Tail for swimming, lots of mitochondria for energy | | Egg Cells | Reproduction | Large size, energy stores & chemicals to prevent multiple sperm entering | ## **Define the following terms and give 2 examples of them** |Term | Definition | Examples | |---|---|---| | Tissue | A group of cells with similar structures, working together to perform a shared function | Muscle tissue, palisade mesophyll layer | | Organ | Structure made of a group of tissues, working together to perform specific functions | Heart, lungs, kidney, roots, leaves | | Organ System | Group of organs with related functions, working together to perform body functions | Digestive system, Circulatory system | ### **For each image state, with a reason, if the diagrams below are organelles, cells, tissues, organs or systems.** * **Stomata:** Organ → structure made up of different cell and tissue types. Performs a specific function. ## **KEY WORDS:** * Organelle * Nucleus * Chloroplast * Vacuole * Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum * Mitochondria * Ribosome * Tissue * Organ * System * Specialised Cell * Ciliated Cell * Root Hair Cell * Palisade Mesophyll