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INTRODUTION TO COMPUTING Week 1& 2 | Computer History & FLOWCHART COUNTING TOOLS USED TO AID MAN Step Reckoner: 1. Sticks Developed by Gottfried Wilhelm 2. Fingers...

INTRODUTION TO COMPUTING Week 1& 2 | Computer History & FLOWCHART COUNTING TOOLS USED TO AID MAN Step Reckoner: 1. Sticks Developed by Gottfried Wilhelm 2. Fingers Leibniz (1646-1716), this 3. Stones mechanical calculator could 4. Beads perform all basic mathematical 5. Pebbles operations accurately and was 6. Leaves influential for 200 years. 7. Chicken bones 8. Seeds Difference Engine and Analytical Engine: 9. Shells Designed by English mathematician 10. Rope Charles Babbage (1792-1871), these machines are considered THE PEOPLE AND THEIR INVENTION HAVE precursors to modern computers, CONTRIBUTED TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE with Babbage often referred to as MODERN COMPUTER the Father of the Computer. The Asian abacus : Lady Augusta Ada Byron, known as developed by the Chinese in 1300 the first computer programmer, BC collaborated with him. Napier's Bones Jacquard's Loom: Invented by Scottish mathematician John Napier (1550-1670) for French inventor Joseph Marie multiplication and long division, Jacquard (1752-1832) created this made of ivory, and capable of loom that used punch cards to store calculating square roots with an data in fabric. additional bone. Slide Rule: Punched Card System: Created by William Oughtred in Herman Hollerith (1860-1929) 1620, this device facilitated faster developed a card reader to count calculations and was widely used census data, winning a government until pocket calculators emerged in contest for the 1890 census. 1974. Pascaline: Contributions to Electronics: Invented in 1642 by French Thomas Edison (1847-1931) mathematician Blaise Pascal at age invented the light bulb and 19 to assist with tax computations, numerous other devices affecting it is recognized as one of the earliest computing. calculators. John Ambrose Fleming (1849-1945) created vacuum tubes essential for early computers, while Lee DeForest (1873-1961) improved these designs with the Audion tube. 1 | INTRODUTION TO COMPUTING | INTRODUTION TO COMPUTING Week 1& 2 | Computer History & FLOWCHART THE FIRST-GENERATION COMPUTER IBM 701 (1952): Kelvin’s Tide Predictor (1876): Also known as the defense calculator, it Developed by Scottish physicist was built in separate units for easier William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) to shipping and installation. It was the first predict tides at specific times. computer to use magnetic plastic tape as a storage medium and transitioned from a Differential Analyzer (1930): scientific to a general-purpose computer. Created by MIT professor Vannevar Bush, this machine combined IBM 650 (1953): mechanical and electronic A smaller, more affordable computer components and used vacuum designed for customers who could not tubes for temporary storage. afford the 701. It could read and write from magnetic tape and punched cards, MARK I (1943): appealing to a broad range of users in Designed by Harvard professor science, engineering, finance, and more. It Howard Aiken and financed by IBM, became the first commercially successful this machine was used by the US mass-produced computer. Navy during World War II. 2ND, 3RD, 4TH, 5TH GENERATION Colossus (1939): Second Generation: An entirely electronic machine with Transistors, invented in 1946 by John 2,400 vacuum tubes, built by a team Bardeen, William Shockley, and Walter of mathematicians and scientists in Brittain, replaced vacuum tubes, offering a London to decode the Enigma more cost-effective, compact, and durable messages during World War II. Its solution. Sony was the first company to existence was kept secret until adopt this technology outside the US. 1974. Third Generation: ENIAC (1946): Integrated Circuits (ICs), introduced in Developed by Dr. John Mauchly and 1958 by Robert Noyce and Jack Kilby, engineer Presper Eckert at the allowed for hundreds to millions of University of Pennsylvania, ENIAC transistors on a single chip, paving the way was a massive machine that used for microprocessors. 18,000 vacuum tubes, weighed 60,000 pounds, and covered 1,500 Fourth Generation: square feet. It generated significant Microprocessors led to the development of heat and consumed a large amount desktop computers, enhancing computing of electricity. power and accessibility. UNIVAC (1950): Fifth Generation: Created by Mauchly and Eckert’s Focuses on advancements in Artificial new company, this computer was Intelligence (AI) and Virtual Reality (VR). sold to Remington-Rand and used by the US military, census, and Atomic Energy Commission. 2 | INTRODUTION TO COMPUTING | INTRODUTION TO COMPUTING Week 3 | COMPUTING DEVICE & FLOWCHART USES OF THE COMPUTER 4. Process/ Education formula Media Medicine 5. Decision Communication Banking Military Market 6. Flow/ flow Accounting direction Sports Aeronautics Weather Analysis 7. On-page Home connection Office WHAT IS PSEODOCODE,? 8. Off page A simpler programming code is written in English. connection HOW TO WRITE A PSEODOCODE? STEP1: CAPITALIZE KEY COMMAND COMPUTING DEVICE STEP 2: USE INDENTION are electronic machines that utilize binary data STEP 3: BE SPECIFIC to perform a range of calculations, from simple STEP 4: KEEP IT SIMPLE arithmetic to complex tasks like trajectory WHAT IS ALGORITHM? calculations or facial recognition. They vary in size and capability, with some small enough to Is a procedure for solving problems or performing fit in a pocket and others requiring entire a computation in step-by-step. rooms. TYPES OF COMPUTING DEVICES FLOWCHART AND IT’S MEANING Personal Computer (PC) BASIC SYMBOLS IN FLOWCHART: is designed for individual use and can 1. START/ END handle various tasks such as running software applications, internet browsing, and communication. PCs are versatile and limited only by the user's imagination and 2. Preparation/ the computer's power. Declaration Desktop Computer is specifically designed to be placed on or near a desk. It requires a power source and 3. Input/ output is typically not portable. Desktops usually have a rectangular shape, varying in size but generally measuring between 4-8 inches wide, 10-16 inches tall, and 14-20 inches deep. 3 | INTRODUTION TO COMPUTING | INTRODUTION TO COMPUTING Week 3 | COMPUTING DEVICE & FLOWCHART 4 Mainframe: DIFFERENT KINDS OF ALL-IN-ONE DESKTOP Large computers are designed to handle vast COMPUTERS amounts of data for multiple users Laptop: simultaneously. Mainframes require A portable personal computer featuring a significant processing power and storage built-in screen, keyboard, and touchpad. capacity, typically accessed via terminals Laptops can connect to the internet via Wi-Fi 4 and often include multiple USB ports. They Ebook Reader: are suitable for a variety of tasks from A device specifically designed for reading business to gaming and are increasingly electronic books. Some models include web powerful, rivaling desktops in performance browsing capabilities and email access while being more portable 4 Personal Digital Assistant (PDA): Tablet: A handheld device that helps manage These mobile devices range from larger personal information such as schedules and models resembling laptops with touch contacts. While traditionally popular, many screens to smaller notebooks. Tablets excel users now opt for smartphones instead in applications requiring less precise input 4 and can serve as effective alternatives for Multimedia Player: web browsing and light office tasks when A handheld device designed for playing paired with a keyboard audio, video, or combined files, often 4 featuring synchronization capabilities with Smartphones: other devices High-end mobile devices that offer functionalities like media playback, video INTERNAL COMPONENTS OF THE SYSTEM recording, GPS navigation, and internet UNIT browsing. Dominated by Android and iOS Motherboard (MoBo): platforms, smartphones have become The central circuit board of a computer, essential tools for communication and serving as the backbone that connects all multimedia consumption components. It features various connectors 4 and slots for other hardware. Server: A networked computer that shares Central Processing Unit (CPU): resources and responds to requests from other computers and devices. Servers Often referred to as the brain of the centralize access to applications, files, and computer, the CPU performs most services, optimizing them for specific computing calculations and is typically functions or general needs within a network housed in a microprocessor module on the 4 motherboard. Supercomputer: The fastest and most expensive type of Power Supply: computer, used primarily in research Converts AC power from an outlet into settings for complex simulations and data low-voltage DC power required by processing tasks by institutions like computer components, located in a metal hospitals and universities box at the rear of the system unit. 4 | INTRODUTION TO COMPUTING | INTRODUTION TO COMPUTING Week 3 | COMPUTING DEVICE & FLOWCHART Memory (RAM): A volatile memory component that provides a workspace for the CPU. It requires constant power to retain data, which is lost when the device is turned off. Storage: Unlike RAM, storage devices retain data even when powered off. Information must be saved to these devices to prevent loss when shutting down. Expansion Cards: Printed circuit boards installed in motherboard slots to enhance the computer's functionality, such as adding graphics or sound capabilities. Cable Connectors: Used to connect external devices like hard drives and optical drives, typically utilizing SATA or IDE interfaces. Heat Sink: Metal components designed to dissipate heat from critical parts of the computer, ensuring optimal operating temperatures by transferring heat away from components to fans or cooling systems. 5 | INTRODUTION TO COMPUTING |