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UNIT 1 as a rapid heartbeat and sweating. An MENTAL HEALTH anxiety disorder is diagnosed if the person's response is not appropriate for the situation, WHAT IS ME...

UNIT 1 as a rapid heartbeat and sweating. An MENTAL HEALTH anxiety disorder is diagnosed if the person's response is not appropriate for the situation, WHAT IS MENTAL HEALTH? if the person cannot control the response, or Mental health refers to the maintenance of if the anxiety interferes with normal successful mental activity. This includes functioning. Anxiety disorders include maintaining productive daily activities and generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, maintaining fulfilling relationships with social anxiety disorder, and specific phobias. others. It also includes maintaining the 2. Mood disorders: These disorders, also abilities to adapt to change and to cope with called affective disorders, involve persistent stresses. feelings of sadness or periods of feeling Mental health includes our emotional, overly happy, or fluctuations from extreme psychological, and social well-being. It also happiness to extreme sadness. The most helps determine how we handle stress, relate common mood disorders are depression, to others, and make healthy choices. Mental bipolar disorder, and cyclothymic disorder. health is important at every stage of life, 3. Psychotic disorders: Psychotic disorders from childhood and adolescence through involve distorted awareness and thinking. adulthood. Two of the most common symptoms of psychotic disorders are hallucinations -- the POOR MENTAL HEALTH & MENTAL experience of images or sounds that are not ILLNESS real, such as hearing voices -- and delusions, A person can experience poor mental health which are false fixed beliefs that the ill and not be diagnosed with a mental illness. person accepts as true, despite evidence to Likewise, a person diagnosed with a mental the contrary. Schizophrenia is an example of illness can experience periods of physical, a psychotic disorder. mental, and social well-being. 4. Eating disorders: Eating disorders involve extreme emotions, attitudes, and behaviors Why is mental health important for overall involving weight and food. Anorexia health? nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge/purge Mental and physical health are equally eating disorder are the most common eating important components of overall health. disorders ★ DEPRESSION - diabetes, heart 5. Impulse control and addiction disorders: disease, and stroke. People with impulse control disorders are ★ CHRONIC CONDITIONS - mental unable to resist urges, or impulses, to illness. perform acts that could be harmful to themselves or others. Pyromania (starting Can your mental health change over time? fires), kleptomania (stealing), and ➔ Yes, it’s important to remember that a compulsive gambling are examples of person’s mental health can change over impulse control disorders. Alcohol and time, depending on many factors. When the drugs are common objects of addictions. demands placed on a person exceed their Often, people with these disorders become resources and coping abilities, their mental so involved with the objects of their health could be impacted. For example, if addiction that they begin to ignore someone is working long hours, caring for a responsibilities and relationships. relative, or experiencing economic hardship, 6. Personality disorders: People with they may experience poor mental health. personality disorders have extreme and inflexible personality traits that are WHAT IS MENTAL ILLNESS? distressing to the person and/or cause Mental illness is a general term that refers to problems in work, school, or social a group of illnesses, in the same way that relationships. In addition, the person's heart disease refers to a group of illnesses patterns of thinking and behavior and disorders affecting the heart. significantly differ from the expectations of Mental illness is a health problem that society and are so rigid that they interfere significantly affects how a person feels, with the person's normal functioning. thinks, behaves, and interacts with other Examples include antisocial personality people. disorder, obsessive compulsive personality disorder, histrionic personality disorder, TYPES OF MENTAL ILLNESS schizoid personality disorder, and paranoid 1. Anxiety disorders: People with anxiety personality disorder. disorders respond to certain objects or 7. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): situations with fear and dread, as well as People with OCD are plagued by constant with physical signs of anxiety or panic, such thoughts or fears that cause them to perform  certain rituals or routines. The disturbing decisions in the moment all the time to thoughts are called obsessions, and the appease their impulses, even though these rituals are called compulsions. An example decisions may have obvious destructive is a person with an unreasonable fear of consequences. You need to be able to germs who constantly washes their hands. control your impulses, as making wrong 8. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): decisions often leads to poor results. PTSD is a condition that can develop 5. Courage. It can be scary to accept your following a traumatic and/or terrifying failures, but creating a sense of internal event, such as a sexual or physical assault, dishonesty can lead to irritation. However, if the unexpected death of a loved one, or a you are able to build the courage that you natural disaster. People with PTSD often need to accept your failures, you will be have lasting and frightening thoughts and demonstrating personal responsibility. memories of the event, and tend to be SOMETIMES, WE ARE NOT ALWAYS emotionally numb. RIGHT. 6. Persistence. Regardless of the struggles that UNIT 2 you face, you must continue moving GLOBAL / DIGITAL CITIZENSHIP forward toward having a sense of personal responsibility. Even if making a small error I. PERSONAL RESPONSIBILITY feels like a giant failure, you have to When you have a sense of personal recognize the opportunity for personal responsibility, it means you are willing to growth and development. “Pag napagod, accept and live by society’s established magpahinga lang, wag sukuan. ” standards of individual behavior. 7. Be Your Authentic Self. When you have Being able to see that your decisions have a personal responsibility, you don’t react to direct impact on your life’s events is what the things around you; you simply act. Your being able to accept personal responsibility actions come from your true self, as you are is all about. It doesn’t matter where you fall self-directed, self-motivated, on the spectrum of the simplicity of your self-disciplined, and you know right from life, you are able to see that you create both wrong. A big part of this is being able to the good and the bad circumstances. believe what you think is right over what other people say. 8 Qualities of Someone Who Has a Sense of 8. Be Organized. If you have a sense of Personal Responsibility personal responsibility, you are able to keep 1. Strong Communication Skills. You can’t your life organized by using whatever have personal responsibility if you're not avenue works best for you, whether that’s aware of the things that you’re responsible planners, calendars, apps, or something else. for. Ask for clarity from your boss or a You stay organized so you can keep yourself relevant person so you are well-aware of the on track and on top of your goals and things you should be doing and how you responsibilities. should be doing them. 2. Ability to Create Boundaries. It is II. GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP important to not over-commit yourself when you’re aiming to gain a sense of personal What is Global Citizen? responsibility. If you take on too much, A global citizen is someone who is aware of you’ll eventually drop the ball on something and understands the wider world – and their and let someone down. Carefully consider place in it. They take an active role in their your workload before agreeing to another community and work with others to make task or role. our planet more peaceful, sustainable and 3. Humility. You will achieve more success in fairer. life when you’re fully honest with yourself and other people, which may require What is Global Citizenship? stepping away from your pride to admit Global citizenship is all about encouraging when you’ve made a mistake. In order to young people to develop the knowledge, have a sense of humility, you have to be skills and values they need to engage with aware of your strengths and weaknesses and the world. And it's about the belief that we have the self-control to only take on as much can all make a difference. as you can handle. Global citizenship programs develop 4. Ability to Control Impulses. It’s difficult to students' knowledge, skills, attitudes and accept your own fault in creating your life’s values. Education for global citizenship is negative outcomes, however, it’s easy to not an additional subject - it's a framework make poor decisions when you’re presented for learning, reaching beyond school to the with a last minute choice. People make poor wider community.  these individuals need a high degree of Global citizenship helps young people to: information literacy skills. ★ Build their own understanding of world 5. Digital Etiquette (electronic standards of events. conduct or procedure.)- Technology users ★ Think about their values and what's often see this area as one of the most important to them. pressing problems when dealing with Digital ★ Take learning into the real world. Citizenship. We recognize inappropriate ★ Challenge ignorance and intolerance. behavior when we see it, but before people ★ Get involved in their local, national and use technology they do not learn digital global communities. etiquette (i.e., appropriate conduct). ★ Develop an argument and voice their 6. Digital Law (electronic responsibility for opinions. See that they have power to act actions and deeds.)- Digital law deals with and influence the world around them. the ethics of technology within a society. Unethical use manifests itself in the form of III. DIGITAL CITIZENSHIP theft and/or crime. Ethical use manifests Digital citizenship can be defined as the itself in the form of abiding by the laws of norms of appropriate, responsible behavior society. Users need to understand that with regard to technology use. stealing or causing damage to other people’s work, identity, or property online is a crime. The Nine Elements of Digital Citizenship 7. Digital Rights & Responsibilities (those 1. Digital Access (full electronic participation freedoms extended to everyone in a digital in society)- Technology users need to be world.)- Just as in the American aware that not everyone has the same Constitution where there is a Bill of Rights, opportunities when it comes to technology. there is a basic set of rights extended to Working toward equal digital rights and every digital citizen. Digital citizens have supporting electronic access is the starting the right to privacy, free speech, etc. Basic point of Digital Citizenship. digital rights must be addressed, discussed, 2. Digital Commerce (electronic buying and and understood in the digital world. With selling of goods)- Technology users need to these rights also come responsibilities as understand that a large share of the market well. Users must help define how the economy is being done electronically. technology is to be used in an appropriate Legitimate and legal exchanges are manner. In a digital society these two areas occurring, but the buyer or seller needs to be must work together for everyone to be aware of the issues associated with it. Users productive. need to learn about how to be effective 8. Digital Health & Wellness (physical and consumers in a new digital economy. psychological well-being in a digital 3. Digital Communication (electronic technology world.)- Eye safety, repetitive exchange of information)- One of the stress syndrome, and sound ergonomic significant changes within the digital practices are issues that need to be addressed revolution is a person’s ability to in a new technological world. Beyond the communicate with other people. In the 21st physical issues are those of the century, communication options have psychological issues that are becoming more exploded to offer a wide variety of choices prevalent such as Internet addiction. (e.g., e-mail, cellular phones, instant 9. Digital Security (self-protection) (electronic messaging). The expanding digital precautions to guarantee safety.)- We need to communication options have changed have virus protection, backups of data, and everything because people are able to keep surge control of our equipment. As in constant communication with anyone responsible citizens, we must protect our else. information from outside forces that might 4. Digital Literacy (process of teaching and cause disruption or harm. learning about technology and the use of technology.)- A renewed focus must be IV. ALTRUISTIC SERVICE made on what technologies must be taught as well as how it should be used. Learners What Is Altruism? must be taught how to learn in a digital Altruism is the unselfish concern for other society. In other words, learners must be people—doing things simply out of a desire taught to learn anything, anytime, anywhere. to help. It involves acting out of concern for As new technologies emerge, learners need the wellbeing of other people. to learn how to use that technology quickly and appropriately. Digital Citizenship 4 TYPES OF ALTRUISM involves educating people in a new way— 1. Genetic / Kin altruism: As the name suggests, this type of altruism involves  engaging in altruistic acts that benefit close may have a significant impact on family members. For example, parents and altruistic actions in young children. other family members often engage in acts 4. Social Norms of sacrifice in order to provide for the needs ➔ Society's rules, norms, and of family members. expectations can also influence 2. Reciprocal altruism: This type of altruism whether or not people engage in is based on a mutual give-and-take altruistic behavior. relationship. It involves helping another ➔ The norm of reciprocity, for person now because they may one day be example, is a social expectation in able to return the favor. which we feel pressured to help 3. Group-selected / Cultural altruism: This others if they have already done involves engaging in altruistic acts for something for us. people based upon their group affiliation. 5. Incentives People might direct their efforts toward ➔ While the definition of altruism helping people who are part of their social involves doing for others without group or supporting social causes that reward, there may still be cognitive benefit a specific group. incentives that are not obvious. 4. Pure altruism: Also known as moral 6. Empathy altruism, this form involves helping ➔ People are more likely to engage in someone else, even when it is risky, without altruistic behavior when they feel any reward. It is motivated by internalized empathy for the person in distress, a values and morals. suggestion known as the empathy-altruism hypothesis. Explaining Altruistic Behavior: ➔ Essentially, seeing another person in While we may be familiar with altruism, trouble causes us to feel upset, social psychologists are interested in distressed, or uncomfortable, but understanding why it occurs. What inspires helping them reduces these negative these acts of kindness? What motivates feelings. people to risk their own lives to save a complete stranger? Fostering Altruistic Behavior Altruism is one aspect of what is known as ❖ Finding inspiration: Look to inspirational prosocial behavior. people who engage in altruistic acts. We're not sure why altruism exists, but ❖ Practicing empathy: Rather than distancing psychologists have suggested a number of yourself from others, practice empathy by different explanations. building connections and putting a human 1. Evolution face on the problems you see. ➔ Psychologists have a long debate ❖ Setting a goal: Find ways that you can whether some people are just born regularly perform random acts of kindness with a natural tendency to help for others. Look around you for people who others, a theory that suggests that may need help, or look for ways that you altruism may be influenced by can volunteer in your community. genetics. ➔ Kin selection is an evolutionary V. ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP theory that proposes that people are Environmental stewardship is a responsible more likely to help those who are use and protection of the natural blood relatives because it will environment through conservation and increase the odds of gene sustainable practices to enhance ecosystem transmission to future generations, resilience and human well-being. thus ensuring the continuation of Stewardship of the environment refers to shared genes. The more closely the protecting the environment through individuals are related, the more recycling, conservation, regeneration and likely people are to help. restoration. 2. Brain-Based Rewards It refers to the human responsible ➔ Altruism activates reward centers in consumption, protection of the natural the brain. Neurobiologists have environment or corrective activities that found that when a person behaves could be achieved through conservation altruistically, the pleasure centers of efforts and sustainable practices. their brain become more active. Environmental stewardship dealing with 3. Environment man’s relation to land and to the animals and ➔ Interactions and relationships with plants which grew upon it. others have a major influence on altruistic behavior, and socialization  4 TYPES OF ENVIRONMENTAL Web-Based Instruction STEWARDSHIP Refers to providing a learning environment 1. Restoration and Protection- It is the action that is mediated and supported via the that assists in the recovery or preservation of Internet/Intranet and connected to a an ecosystem that has been degraded, computer with hyperlinks to resources damaged or destroyed. outside the instructional domain. (Pawar, 2. Everyday Choices- Actions that reduce 2001; Sekar and Devanathan, 2011) The resource inputs and emissions per unit of instruction is designed so that the computer output through technological change and displays lessons in response to learner/user consumer purchasing, use and disposal interactions (Farid, 2008) behavior. Khan (1997) defines Web-Based Instruction 3. Community Awareness- Actions that (WBI) as: “...a hypermedia based inform others in an effort to convince them instructional program which utilizes the to take an action to address community- attributes and resources of the World Wide level environmental issues. Web to create a meaningful learning 4. Civic Action- Actions that inform public or environment where learning is fostered and organizational policy decisions that can supported.” improve environmental outcomes for many Instructional design is a systematic process people or organizations. that Instructional designers should follow in order to achieve the creation of efficient and How to be an environmental steward? effective instruction. 1. Ditch the Bottled Water 2. Recycle 2 TYPES OF WEB BASED INSTRUCTION 3. Bring your own plastic alternatives 1. Asynchronous: In asynchronous the 4. Start a Zero waste challenge education module is to be installed from a 5. Start composting particular website and then we can unpack it 6. By local food (or grow your own) offline on our machine. In this case there is no mutual interaction between student and Benefits of Implementing an Environmental teacher. Stewardship Program 2. Synchronous: In synchronous type there is 1. Economic Benefits synchronization among the students and 2. Human Health Benefits teacher on-line. This synchronous web based 3. Protection and Conservation of the education provides the most emerging Environment concept of E-learning. UNIT 3 THE ROLE OF THE TEACHER IN WEB TECHNOLOGY IN DIFFERENT BASED INSTRUCTION METHOD ALTERNATIVE SYSTEM The teacher must be a guide in the use of the tools, that means to assure the correct usage I. INTRODUCTION TO WEB-BASED of each one of these resources. INSTRUCTION As the technology advances everyday the teacher has to catch up to the current Web-based learning is one way to learn, using web technology that is the masterpiece in this based technologies or tools in a learning process. In method. other words, the learner uses mainly computers to It is necessary for the teacher to choose the interact with the teacher, other students and learning best programs, platforms, and other tools for material. Web-based learning consists of technology the correct students’ skills development and that supports traditional classroom training and entertainment as well. Due to this method it online learning environments. "Pure" web- based is an essential part. courses are wholly based on computer and online possibilities. In this case all the communication and II. THE PRACTICE OF BLENDED learning activities are done online. LEARNING Web-based learning can be also formal or informal. 1. Blended Learning Blended learning is an approach to 1. Formal web-based learning- is proposed learning that combines face-to-face and learning activities are organized by and online learning experiences. teachers. Ideally, each (both online and off) 2. Informal learning takes place while you are will complement the other by using searching material from the Internet. It is its particular strength. self- paced, depending on your goals and Blended learning is a learning ambition to learn. approach that combines traditional  face-to-face teaching methods with 1. Communicate Frequently online-based instructions. 2. Choose Words Carefully This refers to a learning delivery that 3. Give Students Structure combines face-to-face with any or a 4. Be Quick to Offer Support mix of online distance learning, 5. Be Flexible modular distance learning, and TV/ Radio-based Instruction. Blended IV. ONLINE COURSE DESIGN AND learning will enable the schools to ASSESSMENT limit face-to -face learning, ensure social distancing, and decrease the Online Course Design and Assessment volume of people outside the home ➔ It includes purposeful learning, organizing, at any given time. sequencing, and pacing course content. It 2. Distance Learning (MDL, ODL,) requires a combination of technical skills, Offline - students are provided with pedagogical expertise, and an understanding printed materials, books, modules, of the needs and characteristics of the target take home activity sheets, audience. self-learning kit or worksheet. ➔ The use of various multimedia elements, Online - students are provided with such as videos, images, and interactive non-printed materials, e-books and activities, can help to make the course more learning management systems (e.g., dynamic and engaging for learners. It is also Google Classroom, Edmodo, etc.) important to regularly assess and update the -includes Educational Video course to ensure that it remains relevant and Conference (e. g. Google Meet, effective. Zoom, Facebook Messenger, etc.). 3. Traditional Classroom Learning- Physical Backward design refers to a way of designing a interactions with students and teachers course or lesson, where you start from the end of Face-to face classes your course. You consider your learning goals or the "big ideas" -- what your students will know at the BENEFITS OF ADAPTING BLENDED end. Then working backwards, you consider what LEARNING will demonstrate that your students have achieved 1. Enhances Safety those goals. 2. Promotes Autonomy 1. Determine Learning Goals and Objectives 3. Improves Feedback system 2. Plan Assessments 4. Boost Efficiency 3. Plan Learning Activities 5. Allows Flexibility CHALLENGES IN BLENDED LEARNING UNIT 4 1. Online Resources TEACHING MULTIGRADE CLASSES 2. Offline Resources 3. School Readiness I. MULTI-GRADE CLASSROOM 4. Parents Involvement It is a classroom wherein two or more grade levels are combined together and handled by III. TEACHING IN AN ONLINE one teacher only. ENVIRONMENT The Multi Grade System has been implemented since the 1920's. The multi What is an Online Environment? grade system has been with us for quite 1. The alternative learning space created by some time but it is very obvious that we educators and students using digital tools have not regarded it as a very viable and virtual class sessions due to the alternative delivery system to provide access shelter-in-place, quarantines, and to basic education as well as quality stay-at-home orders. education by providing complete grade 2. The use of a computer-based internet levels in all public elementary schools. learning environment in which a class While DECS (now DepEd) officials then between teacher and students is taking place. had always recognized the existence of multi This is used interchangeably with the virtual grade classes, it was only under the environment in this chapter. leadership of Secretary Armand Fabella 3. The virtual space in which a computed (1993-1994) that the multi grade program defined system can function being was launched as a systematic and viable connected to other(s) connected systems means of meeting the goal and providing through a communication electronic channel education for all. and sharing content The existence of the multi grade classes in 5 Keys to Effectiveness in Teaching in an Online our country is also embodied under the Environment provision of the Philippine Constitution.  Considering the present thrusts of the involved in the class, approaches and government to make at least elementary strategies education truly accessible to all particularly ➔ Lack of proper resources and lack of to children in remote barangays, a policy has enough number of organized been made and declared to build a school in workshops all school-less barangays where enrolment ➔ Lack of enough support from key and population growth trends warrant the stakeholders establishment of a new school, and develop ➔ More meticulous and systematic and /or implement the Multi grade System record keeping to keep track of of Delivery, so as to enable children to student progress, curriculum complete their elementary schooling development and implementation particularly in areas where it is 3. COMMUNITY AND SCHOOL SYSTEM uneconomical to put up a six-classroom ➔ Student achievement may be poor in building. programs do not have the required From then on, multi grade classes became resources and teachers are not truly a part of our educational system. At properly trained present, some of these multi grade classes ➔ Requires investment in training of were already converted to mono-grade teachers, supervisors and classes due to increase of enrolment while administrative personnel other areas of the country are just starting to put up multi grade classes. Problems of Multi grade education in the Philippines. STRUCTURE IN MULTI-GRADE CLASS a. There is a serious shortage of teachers, When you have a wide range of age, ability, especially skilled teachers for MGT. maturity and interests among the class, it is b. Teachers of MGT are working in different very important that your classroom is highly isolated conditions. organized and structured. c. The training of teachers for MG classes ROUTINES IN MULTI-GRADE CLASSROOM does not meet the requirement in either 1. Planning and Organization quality or quantity. 2. Classroom structure should be well arranged d. Most of the MG schools lack textbooks, 3. Schedule must be prepared guidebooks and reference material. 4. Visuals should be displayed in an e. Multi grade classes are in very bad appropriate way conditions. 5. Data must be according to the mental level Characteristics of successful multi grade of the students of different grades teachers 6. Work tasks can also be helpful for the a. Well-organized students b. Creative and flexible 7. Communication status should be effective c. Willing to work hard. and same to every student without any d. Resourceful. favoritism e. Self directed. ADVANTAGES IN MULTI-GRADE f. Willing to work closely with the community. TEACHING g. Strong belief in the importance of ✿ Student learns from another grade cooperation and personal responsibility in ✿ Positive social climate and behavior the classroom with the ability to develop ✿ Lengthen teacher to student relationship these characteristics in pupils. h. Prior successful experience at the grade II. LEARNING DIFFICULTIES AND levels to be taught. SOLUTIONS IN MULTIGRADE TEACHING POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS 1. LEARNERS 1. Multigrade teachers must be trained to give ➔ Requires more discipline, greater different lessons at the same time to pupils concentration and more focus at different grade levels. ➔ Less reliance on direct supervision 2. Children sit in grade-groups facing their by teacher own blackboard (BB) ➔ Requires more initiative and 3. If there are two grade groups in the class the resourceful to function effectively BB are placed either end of the classroom ➔ May receive less individual attention with children facing opposite directions. from a less experienced teacher 4. During the lessons the teacher moves 2. TEACHERS frequently between the different groups. ➔ Requires more careful study of 5. Give reading instructions to one grade; give learner’s developmental dictation to the other grade. characteristics across the age levels 6. One grade is copying handwriting math exercises from the BB, the other grade will be instructed on a new math item. 7. The extra work involved in multigrade teaching must be recognized by giving teachers 50% additional salary for two grades and 75% for three or more grades. 8. Teachers in multigrade classrooms must receive a lot of support and must meet regularly with teachers from other multigrade schools.