Botany Lecture Notes PDF

chlorophyll BOTANY AS A SCIENCE - member of the most important class of pigments  Botany and zoology are historically, that involved in photosynthesis, the process by which came disciplines of biology. light energy is converted to chemical ener...

chlorophyll BOTANY AS A SCIENCE - member of the most important class of pigments  Botany and zoology are historically, that involved in photosynthesis, the process by which came disciplines of biology. light energy is converted to chemical energy through the synthesis of organic compounds. Greek: Botanē (βοτάνη) - grass, fodder Bryophytes Medieval Latin: botanicus - herb, plant  No root Botanical science/ Botany  No stem - study of plants Botany As Applied Science  No flower - studies the human use of plants  No fruit BRANCHES OF BOTANY Example: Marchantia Botanical science/ Botany Applied science Pteridophytes Morphology Forestry  Root, stem, leaf: PRESENT Anatomy Ethnobotany  Vascular tissue present Physiology Economic botany  No flower Systematics Agronomy  No fruit Paleobotany Biotechnology  Use in decoration Phenology Horticulture Example: sporangium Gymnosperms Most of the time, these branches of botany overlap  Root, stem, leaf: PRESENT with each other.  Well developed vascular tissue Example:  No true flower and fruits Field: systematics  Reproductive structure called as cones Problem: How to verify the identity of this Rafflesia Example: Cycas, pinus species? Angiosperms POSSIBLE DATA TO USE Morphology Fossil records  Flowering plants (352,000 species) Anatomy Phenology Example: corn, gumamela Most of the time, these branches of botany overlap Binomial Nomenclature with other field. Example: Allium cepa Example: Genus Specific epithet Field: Agriculture Species Plantarum (1753) (species of plants) Problem: How to improve the yield of rice varieties? Note: species is both singular and plural POSSIBLE DATA TO USE Carl Willdenow 1765-1812 (founder of Morphology Physiology phytogeography) Anatomy biotechnology Phytogeography Example: - concerned with plant distributions Field: Veterinary medicine Charles Darwin 1809-1882 (father of evolution) Problem: How to identify poisonous and edible Origin Species plants for animals? SOME DISCOVERIES IN BOTANY POSSIBLE DATA TO USE (Modern Botany: 19th- 20th Century) Morphology Systematics or taxonomy Chlorophyll a & b - 1903 Anatomy Photosynthesis (Hill Reaction) - 1937 DEVELOPMENT OF BOTANY Cyanobacteria - 1960 Theophrastus 350 B.C. (father of botany) Grouped plants based on Genetic Engineering - 1990 1. Habit APG 2. Growth 3. Cotyledon Inquiry into plants (Historia Plantarum) Europe Renaissance of 14th-17th century heralded a scientific revival during which botany gradually emerged from natural history as an independent science, distinct from medicine and agriculture. Carolus Linnaeus 1707-1778 (father of modern botany)