REVIEWER.pdf

ECOTOURISM 1. What are the principles of ecotourism, and why are they important? - reduce footprint. Reduce impacts 2. How does ecotourism benefit local wildlife conservation? - by providing funds for conservation projects that benefit both people and wildl...

ECOTOURISM 1. What are the principles of ecotourism, and why are they important? - reduce footprint. Reduce impacts 2. How does ecotourism benefit local wildlife conservation? - by providing funds for conservation projects that benefit both people and wildlife. 3. What role does ecotourism play in promoting environmental education? - by fostering environmental conservation, supporting local communities, and raising awareness about the importance of preserving fragile ecosystems 4. How does ecotourism help preserve endangered species? - ecotourism provides net conservation gains through factors such as private reserves, habitat restoration, reduction in habitat damage, removal of feral predators, anti-poaching 5. What is the significance of reducing carbon footprints in ecotourism? - by contributing positively 6. How does ecotourism promote sustainable rural development? - by providing economic incentives for local communities to conserve and protect their natural resources. 7. What role do national parks play in the growth of ecotourism? - National parks drive the growth of ecotourism by providing protected natural environments that promote sustainable tourism, conservation, education, and economic benefits to local communities. 8. How does ecotourism contribute to the preservation of local cultures? - tourists can learn about different cultures and ways of life, while also supporting local businesses and artisans 9. What are the key challenges faced by ecotourism operators? - Ecotourism operators face key challenges such as balancing conservation with tourism growth, managing environmental impacts, addressing infrastructure limitations in remote areas, ensuring community involvement and benefits, maintaining sustainable practices, and navigating fluctuating demand due to seasonality or global events. 10. How does ecotourism help protect marine ecosystems? - by providing economic incentives to protect natural habitats 11. What impact does ecotourism have on community-based tourism? - reducing negative effects on the environment and local communities 12. What are the economic benefits of ecotourism for developing countries? - Ecotourism provides developing countries with economic benefits such as job creation, increased foreign exchange, growth of local businesses, improved infrastructure, and funding for conservation, all while diversifying the economy and promoting sustainable development. 13. How do governments support ecotourism initiatives? - Governments support ecotourism initiatives by creating protected areas, implementing environmental regulations, providing funding or incentives for sustainable tourism projects, promoting ecotourism through marketing, and fostering partnerships with local communities and private sectors to ensure responsible development. 14. What is the role of eco-lodges in promoting sustainable tourism? - Eco-lodges promote sustainable tourism by minimizing environmental impact through eco-friendly designs, using renewable energy, supporting local communities, offering conservation education, and providing eco-conscious experiences that align with responsible travel practices. 15. How does ecotourism reduce environmental degradation? - Ecotourism reduces environmental degradation by promoting sustainable practices such as responsible waste management, limiting resource use, supporting conservation efforts, educating tourists on environmental preservation, and ensuring that tourism activities have minimal impact on ecosystems. 16. What is the role of volunteer programs in supporting ecotourism? - Volunteer programs support ecotourism by engaging participants in conservation efforts, wildlife protection, community development, and environmental education, helping to preserve natural areas while fostering a deeper connection between tourists and the environment. 17. How does ecotourism contribute to climate change awareness? - Ecotourism contributes to climate change awareness by educating travelers on environmental issues, promoting sustainable practices, showcasing the impacts of climate change on ecosystems, and encouraging tourists to adopt eco-friendly behaviors, thereby raising global awareness of climate challenges. 18. What are the main types of activities offered in ecotourism packages? - Ecotourism packages typically offer activities such as wildlife watching, hiking and trekking, birding, cultural experiences with local communities, nature photography, kayaking or canoeing, environmental education programs, and volunteer opportunities in conservation projects. 19. What are the benefits of responsible tourism for natural habitats? - Preserve natural and cultural heritage sites for future generations. 20. How does ecotourism create employment opportunities in rural areas? - Ecotourism development boosts job creation in local communities by increasing income through tourist fees, enhancing productivity, and reducing unemployment by absorbing labor. LAW 1. What is the main objective of the Global Code of Ethics for Tourism by UNWTO? - The main objective is to provide a framework for the sustainable and responsible development of tourism, ensuring that it respects human rights, cultural diversity, and the environment. 2. What is the significance of the Tourism Act of 2009 for the Philippine tourism industry? - The act aims to strengthen the tourism sector by promoting sustainable tourism development, enhancing government coordination, and improving infrastructure to attract more tourists. 3. How do public-private partnerships influence tourism development programs? - Public-private partnerships foster collaboration between governments and private sectors, leading to better resource allocation, innovation, and efficiency in implementing tourism projects and services. 4. What role do government grants play in supporting tourism infrastructure? - Government grants provide funding for the development and maintenance of tourism infrastructure, enhancing accessibility, facilities, and services that attract visitors and boost local economies. 5. How does the Global Sustainable Tourism Council promote responsible tourism? - The council sets global standards for sustainable tourism practices, offers certification programs, and promotes knowledge sharing to encourage responsible  tourism development. 6. What are the key provisions of the Hospitality Industry Bill regarding labor laws? - The bill includes provisions for fair wages, job security, health and safety standards, and training programs to protect and empower workers in the hospitality sector. 7. How does the ASEAN Tourism Strategic Plan benefit regional tourism growth? - The plan fosters collaboration among member states, promotes regional branding, enhances connectivity, and encourages sustainable tourism practices, thereby boosting overall tourism growth. 8. What is the purpose of visa policies in promoting tourism? - Visa policies aim to facilitate easier access for tourists, encouraging travel by reducing bureaucratic barriers and making destinations more appealing to potential visitors. 9. How does the Tourism Promotion Act help market underdeveloped destinations? - The act provides funding and marketing strategies to promote lesser-known destinations, enhancing visibility and attracting tourists to diversify tourism revenue sources. 10. How do international tourism agreements boost cross-border travel? - These agreements facilitate smoother travel experiences by harmonizing regulations, simplifying visa processes, and enhancing cooperation between countries on tourism initiatives. 11. What role do DMOs (Destination Management Organizations) play in tourism development? - DMOs coordinate tourism marketing and development efforts, manage resources, and engage stakeholders to create a unified vision for promoting a destination. 12. How do safety regulations ensure the well-being of tourists? - Safety regulations establish standards for health, security, and emergency response, ensuring tourists feel secure and protected during their travels. 13. What are the main objectives of the Tourism Recovery Plan post-pandemic? - The plan aims to restore traveler confidence, revitalize the tourism sector, promote sustainable practices, and adapt to new market dynamics following the  pandemic. 14. What laws protect tourists from scams during their travels? - Consumer protection laws ensure fair treatment, provide recourse for fraud, and establish regulations for transparent business practices in the tourism industry. 15. What is the role of environmental regulations in sustainable tourism? - Environmental regulations safeguard natural resources and ecosystems, promoting responsible tourism practices that minimize negative impacts on the environment. 16. How do tourism development plans contribute to economic growth? - These plans provide a roadmap for sustainable tourism growth, driving job creation, attracting investments, and generating revenue for local communities. 17. What are the key responsibilities of a Tourism Promotion Board? - Responsibilities include marketing the destination, developing tourism policies, coordinating with stakeholders, and enhancing visitor experiences through strategic planning. 18. How do visa restrictions affect tourism growth in developing nations? - Visa restrictions can deter potential tourists, limiting inbound travel and economic benefits, while more relaxed policies often lead to increased visitation. 19. How does the UNWTO promote sustainable tourism through international agreements? - The UNWTO advocates for sustainable tourism practices in its agreements, encouraging member states to adopt policies that promote environmental conservation and community benefits. 20. What role do cultural preservation laws play in promoting heritage tourism? - These laws protect cultural sites and practices, ensuring their preservation and promoting them as attractions that enhance the tourism experience and foster appreciation of local heritage. TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY MANAGAMENT 1. What does "ADR" stand for in the hotel industry? "ADR" stands for Average Daily Rate, which measures the average revenue earned per occupied room in a hotel.  2. Define "GDS" and its role in travel booking. "GDS" stands for Global Distribution System, which is a computerized network that facilitates the booking of travel services like flights, hotels, and car rentals by travel agents and consumers. 3. What does "OTA" mean, and how do they impact hotel bookings? "OTA" stands for Online Travel Agency, and they impact hotel bookings by providing platforms for customers to compare prices and book accommodations, often increasing visibility and occupancy rates for hotels. 4. What is "yield management" in hospitality? Yield management is a pricing strategy that adjusts room rates based on demand forecasts, maximizing revenue by optimizing the balance between occupancy and room rates. 5. What is a "concierge," and what services do they typically offer? A concierge is a hotel staff member who assists guests with various services, including booking reservations, arranging transportation, and providing local information and recommendations. 6. What does "seasonality" refer to in tourism? Seasonality refers to the fluctuations in tourist demand based on the time of year, often influenced by weather, holidays, and local events, impacting hotel occupancy and pricing. 7. Explain "occupancy rate" and its importance to hotels. The occupancy rate measures the percentage of available rooms that are sold during a specific period, indicating hotel performance and revenue potential. 8. Define "RevPAR" and why it is used in hotel performance evaluation. "RevPAR" stands for Revenue Per Available Room, and it is used to assess a hotel's ability to generate revenue, calculated by multiplying the average daily rate by the occupancy rate. 9. What is "MICE tourism"? "MICE tourism" refers to Meetings, Incentives, Conventions, and Exhibitions, a segment of tourism focused on hosting business-related events and gatherings.  10. What does "transit tourism" mean? Transit tourism refers to travelers who stop in a destination temporarily while in transit to another location, often spending limited time and money in the area. 11. What is "tourism leakage," and how does it affect developing nations? Tourism leakage occurs when revenue generated from tourism is lost to external markets rather than benefiting the local economy, hindering economic development in developing nations. 12. Define "bleisure travel." "Bleisure travel" combines business and leisure travel, where individuals extend work trips to enjoy leisure activities in the destination. 13. What does "benchmarking" mean in the hospitality sector? Benchmarking refers to comparing a hotel's performance metrics, such as occupancy rates and revenue, against industry standards or competitors to identify areas for improvement. 14. What is meant by "dark tourism"? Dark tourism involves visiting locations associated with death, tragedy, or the macabre, such as battlefields, museums, or memorials, often for educational or reflective purposes. 15. What does "guest mix" refer to in a hotel setting? "Guest mix" refers to the demographic and purpose of the guests staying at a hotel, such as business travelers, families, or tourists, which can influence marketing strategies and services offered. 16. Define "luxury tourism" and give an example. "Luxury tourism" refers to high-end travel experiences characterized by exclusive services, accommodations, and amenities; an example is staying at a five-star resort with personalized concierge services. 17. What is the difference between "inbound" and "outbound" tourism? Inbound tourism refers to visitors traveling to a country from abroad, while outbound tourism involves residents traveling to foreign destinations. 18. Define "tourism infrastructure."  Tourism infrastructure encompasses the facilities, services, and amenities necessary to support tourism, including transportation, accommodations, attractions, and communication networks. 19. What is "medical tourism"? Medical tourism involves traveling to another country for medical treatment or procedures, often to access specialized healthcare services at a lower cost or with shorter wait times. 20. What does "CSR" stand for, and why is it relevant in hospitality? "CSR" stands for Corporate Social Responsibility, and it is relevant in hospitality as it reflects a company's commitment to ethical practices, community engagement, and environmental sustainability. CURRENT EVENTS 1. How has climate change affected popular tourism destinations globally? Climate change has led to rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and changes in biodiversity, negatively impacting destinations like the Maldives, Venice, and the Great Barrier Reef, resulting in diminished tourist appeal and economic challenges. 2. What role did vaccine passports play in global tourism recovery post-COVID? Vaccine passports facilitated international travel by providing proof of vaccination, easing entry restrictions, and restoring traveler confidence, thereby aiding the gradual recovery of global tourism. 3. How has the Ukraine-Russia conflict impacted tourism in Eastern Europe? The conflict has led to increased travel advisories, reduced tourist arrivals, and economic instability in Eastern Europe, significantly impacting the tourism industry in countries like Ukraine, Poland, and neighboring regions. 4. What is the significance of the United Nations' declaration of 2024 as the International Year of Sustainable Tourism? The declaration aims to promote sustainable tourism practices globally, raising awareness of tourism's role in sustainable development, fostering partnerships, and encouraging policies that benefit local communities and the environment. 5. How has AI technology influenced the tourism industry in 2024? AI technology has enhanced customer service through chatbots, personalized travel recommendations, predictive analytics for demand forecasting, and streamlined operations, improving overall efficiency and traveler experience. 6. What role did the 2024 Paris Olympics play in boosting French tourism? The 2024 Paris Olympics are expected to attract millions of visitors, promoting tourism in France through global exposure, increased infrastructure investment, and enhanced marketing of Paris as a premier travel destination. 7. How did space tourism become more accessible in 2024, and who are the leading companies? Space tourism became more accessible through advancements in technology and reduced costs, with leading companies like SpaceX, Blue Origin, and Virgin Galactic offering commercial flights to suborbital space for private travelers. 8. What impact has overtourism had on Venice and how is the city addressing it? Overtourism in Venice has caused environmental degradation and overcrowding, leading the city to implement measures like tourist quotas, entry fees, and promoting sustainable tourism practices to protect its cultural heritage. 9. What is the significance of the 2023 G20 Tourism Ministers' Meeting for global tourism? The meeting emphasized cooperation among nations to address challenges in the tourism sector, promote sustainable practices, and enhance resilience against future crises, shaping global tourism policies. 10. How is cryptocurrency affecting the tourism sector? Cryptocurrency is gaining traction in the tourism sector by enabling secure and fast transactions, attracting tech-savvy travelers, and offering alternative payment options, thereby enhancing the customer experience. 11. How has Qatar's tourism sector benefited from hosting the FIFA World Cup in 2022? Hosting the FIFA World Cup has significantly boosted Qatar's tourism sector by increasing international visibility, improving infrastructure, and attracting millions of visitors, contributing to long-term economic growth. 12. How did the rise of "workation" travel trends affect the tourism industry? The "workation" trend has led to increased demand for accommodations that cater to remote workers, promoting longer stays in destinations as individuals combine work and leisure travel. 13. What impact did the Cherry Blossom Festival have on tourism in Japan in 2024? The Cherry Blossom Festival attracted both domestic and international tourists in 2024, boosting local economies, promoting cultural appreciation, and showcasing Japan’s natural beauty during the spring season. 14. What is "revenge travel," and how has it impacted tourism in 2023-2024? "Revenge travel" refers to the surge in travel following pandemic restrictions, with travelers eager to make up for lost experiences, significantly driving demand for destinations and services in 2023-2024. 15. How has ecotourism grown as a result of environmental awareness in 2023? Growing environmental awareness in 2023 has led to increased interest in ecotourism, with travelers seeking sustainable experiences that support conservation efforts and minimize their ecological footprint. 16. How did wellness tourism evolve in response to the post-pandemic travel demand? Wellness tourism has evolved to focus on holistic health experiences, offering retreats and activities that promote physical and mental well-being, reflecting travelers' heightened awareness of self-care after the pandemic. 17. What effect has remote work had on the growth of digital nomad tourism? Remote work has fueled the growth of digital nomad tourism, with individuals seeking destinations that offer a conducive work environment, leading to an increase in extended stays in various locations around the world. 18. What is the role of sustainability in the growing trend of slow tourism? Sustainability is central to slow tourism, which emphasizes meaningful travel experiences, local engagement, and environmental stewardship, encouraging travelers to appreciate destinations at a more leisurely pace. 19. What key trends are shaping the tourism and hospitality industries in 2024? Key trends in 2024 include increased focus on sustainability, the integration of technology in customer service, the rise of experiential travel, and the growing popularity of wellness and eco-friendly tourism. 20. How has the rise of contactless services impacted the hotel industry post- pandemic?  The rise of contactless services in the hotel industry post-pandemic has enhanced guest safety and convenience, with features like mobile check-ins, digital room keys, and contactless payments becoming standard practices.