Reviewer - 1st Quiz PDF

MATTER - can be defined as anything that has mass and ELECTRONS are negatively charged particles. volume and is the substance of which physical objects are composed. The ATOMIC NUMBER is the number of protons in the nucleus...

MATTER - can be defined as anything that has mass and ELECTRONS are negatively charged particles. volume and is the substance of which physical objects are composed. The ATOMIC NUMBER is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. WEIGHT - is a measure of the pull of gravity acting on the mass of an object. The more mass an object has, the more it weighs The maximum number of electrons that can be contained in under the earth’s force of gravity. any shell or sub-shell is the same for all atoms and is defined as ELECTRON CAPACITY = 2n2. Mass x Gravity = Weight VALENCE is the number of chemical bonds an atom can form. The four categories or states are: SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, GASES, and PLASMA. PLASMA - is superheated matter, so hot that the electrons are ripped away from the atoms forming an ionized gas. It is also an electrically charged gas. (Ex. Lightning, Comet Tail, Earth’s Ionosphere, Starts, Neon Lights, and Arc Welding.) BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE (BEC) - the fifth category of IONIZATION is the process by which an atom loses or gains matter. A state of matter in which separate atoms or electrons. subatomic particles, cooled to near absolute zero. (Ex. Superfluid Helium-4, Superconducting Materials, Lasers, CATION – loss of electron(s); Cosmology, Dark Matter, and Quantum Computers.) ANION – gain of electron(s). SUPERFLUIDITY – is frictionless or zero viscosity fluid flow. CONDUCTORS – are materials which allow an electric current An ELEMENT is a substance that cannot be reduced to a to flow easily. Elements such as gold, copper, and silver simpler form by chemical means. possess many free electrons and make good conductors. (Ex. Silver, Gold, Copper, Steel, and Sea Water) A COMPOUND is a chemical combination of two or more elements. WATER is one of the most common compounds and INSULATORS – are materials that do not conduct electrical is made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. current very well or not at all, such as glass, ceramic, and plastic. A MIXTURE consists of elements or compounds, which are brought together by a physical process. BREAKDOWN – causes physical damage to the insulator when the material is in an extremely strong electrical field. (Ex. The smallest particle of matter that can exist and still retain its Rubber, Glass, Oil, Diamond, and Dry Wood) identity, such as water (H2O), is called a MOLECULE. SEMICONDUCTORS - The material properties of The ATOM is the most basic building block of all matter. Atoms semiconductors fall in between conductors and insulators. In are composed of three subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, their pure state, they are not good at conducting or insulating. and electrons. They are used to make transistors and integrated circuits. At the center of the atom is the NUCLEUS, which contains SILICON and GERMANIUM are the most widely used protons and neutrons. semiconductor materials. (Ex. Resistor, Capacitor, Transistors, and Diodes) PROTONS are positively charged particles. The proton’s mass is approximately 1,837 times greater than the electron. Four of the most commonly used prefixes in electrical work are: NEUTRONS are neutrally charged particles. Mega (M) means one million (1,000,000). A neutron has approximately the same mass as the proton. Kilo (k) means one thousand (1,000). Milli (m) means one-thousandth (1 / 1,000). Micro (μ) means one-millionth (1 ⁄ 1,000,000). Types of Static Discharge: An ELECTRIC FIELD is the physical field that surrounds Corona electrically charged particles. Streamering Arcing LIKE CHARGES REPEL, UNLIKE CHARGES ATTRACT Passage of electricity may occur through a: The practical unit or quantity of electricity is the “Coulomb”, which is equal to the charge of 6.29 X 1018 electrons. 1 ampere CONDUCTOR such as metal, due to the movement of is equivalent of 1 coulomb of charge moving past a given point the loosely held outer electrons of the atoms. in 1 second i.e. (A = Q/s). VACUUM or GAS, due to the movement of electrons. GAS, due to the movement of the ionized gas VOLTAGE is the pressure from an electrical circuit's power molecules. source. The greater the voltage of a supply source, the greater LIQUID, due to the ionization of certain molecules, it’s potential to produce a current flow. particularly those of acids and salts in solution (e.g. Electrolytes). POTENTIAL generally refers to a currently unrealized ability. CONVENTIONAL CURRENT – Positive terminal to Negative The voltage difference between any two points in a circuit is terminal. known as Potential Difference and it is this potential difference which makes current flow. ELECTRON FLOW – Negative terminal to Positive terminal. ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE (EMF) - It is the voltage developed by A good conductor is a material, which has low resistance, i.e. a any source of electrical energy such as a battery or dynamo. large number free electrons, and allows a large current to flow. RAM AIR TURBINE (RAT) - is a small turbine that is installed in Ohm’s law states that the voltage across a conductor is directly an aircraft and used as an alternate or emergency hydraulic or proportional to the current flowing through it and inversely electrical power source. proportional to resistance. Small aircrafts use ALTERNATORS. ELECTRIC POWER is the rate of transfer of electrical energy Larger aircraft use GENERATORS. within a circuit. Its SI unit is WATT, the general unit of power, AC – Alternating Current. defined as one joule per second. DC – Direct Current. CSD – Constant Speed Drive. SSS – Self-Sustaining Speed. INTEGRATED DRIVE GENERATOR (IDG) - CSD + Generator :( Voltage Current Resistance Symbol V or E I R Unit Volts Ampere Ohms (Ω) An ELECTRIC CURRENT is a flow of charged particles, Ampere = Coulomb/Seconds or I = Q/T. The four factors that affect the resistance of a wire conductor are: Material Length Cross Sectional Area (A) Temperature