Q2 English For Academic and Professional Purposes PDF

Q2 ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES Uy, Francis Andrei T. ABM 12-01...

Q2 ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES Uy, Francis Andrei T. ABM 12-01 compare and contrast, and show cause-and-effect relationships to Lesson 5.1: Concept Paper provide the reader with a holistic definition of a term. - Defines an idea or concept and explains its essence to clarify the Types of Extended Definition “whatness” of that idea or concept. 1. Etymology: Defining the term by its origin - It starts with a formal or informal definition of the term or concept and 2. Contrast: Defining the term by using its opposites proceeds with an expanded definition and analytic description of its 3. Example: Defining the term by giving examples aspects. 4. Synonym: Defining the term by using a similar word or phrase to - The purpose is to explain, clarify, or theorize a particular concept. define a word. Reasoning 5. Function: Defining the term by stating what the term is fo a. Deductive Reasoning 6. Analogy: Defining the term by comparing the term to another - Examine real-life phenomena. object/concept/idea that shares the same characteristics as the term - General to Specific being defined b. Inductive Reasoning 7. Negation: Defining the term by stating what it is not. - Produce a theory from bits and pieces of information. 8. Illustration: Defining the term by narrating incidents. It uses specific - Specific to General examples. Definition 9. Likeness or Similarity: Defining the term by using concepts that are - Paragraphs that emphasize definition are used when we want to similar or have a resemblance with each other. explain a new idea, thought, or concept. - The definition is important because it clarifies the meaning of a Lesson 5.2: Principles in Writing a Concept concept, and it also limits the scope of that particular word or concept. Paper Two types of Definition Ways of Explaining a Concept 1. Scientific: Scientific definition defines concepts in the most factual 1. Definition - This is used to provide basic information on the concept way usually taken from reference materials or the concepts’ proponents. 2. Subjective: Subjective definition defines objects in a personal way 2. Description - uses vivid details, marked by way of employing Techniques in Defining sensory descriptions, to allow the readers to visualize the subject ❖ Formal Definition and get the dominant impression of the text. - The most common technique involves being given a term to define 3. Illustration - explains a general idea by presenting specific and then defining it by providing the class to which the word/term examples. belongs (genus) and the characteristics that distinguish the term 4. Process Analysis - shows how to do something or how something from other terms, known as the differentia. works by analyzing and presenting the steps in accomplishing it. ❖ Extended Definition CONCLUSION: The concept paper should summarize the main ideas, - These are essay-length texts that use different rhetorical patterns to reiterate the importance of the topic, and highlight the potential impact or show the meaning of a particular concept or term. Usually, extended significance of the proposed idea or solution. It should leave the reader with definition essays or concept papers not only define but also describe, a sense of closure and reinforce the need for further exploration or action.  Q2 ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES Uy, Francis Andrei T. ABM 12-01 f. Encyclopedias - Encyclopedias are a compilation of factual Lesson 5.3: Writing the Concept Paper information on general and specific content area topics. They are a Gathering Information About the Topic helpful resource for background information, key concepts, and a. Magazines - Magazines published by reputable press companies ideas. are easily accessible through the library and local bookstores. They Examples: Literary Encyclopedia, The Concise contain articles on diverse topics written by journalists or scholars Encyclopedia of Economics who extensively research the topics they write about. Examples: National Geographic, Newsweek, The Economist Lesson 5.4: Writing A Concept Paper b. Academic Journals - Academic journals feature articles written by Concept scholars in academic and professional fields. These journals are - Concepts may be explained through different modes or patterns. reviewed by an editorial board to decide which articles are to be Aside from definition, other ways such as explication and explanation accepted and included in each volume. Journals that are can be used. peer-reviewed are an excellent source when doing scholarly - A concept can be developed through explanation by providing research. examples. Examples: Journal of Communication, The Historian, - Explication employs a critical interpretation of a concept. Journal of American Medical Association, The Economic Different Parts of A Concept Paper Journal a. Introduction c. Databases - Databases are online platforms that contain citations of Think of a topic that genuinely interests you. articles in magazines, journals, full-text journals, Create your Thesis Statement and Outline theses/dissertations, and media forms like podcasts, blogs, and In writing your introduction, make sure that you refer to your videos. thesis statement and outline. Examples: Academic Search Complete, ERIC: Education Include citations and use appropriate note-taking techniques Resource Information Center, JSTOR, Scopus b. Body d. Newspapers - Newspapers publish articles on current events, “The Main Event” of writing a text. editorials, and features that contain credible information that is widely Tips for Writing Body: available to readers since they are published daily. Printed 1. Elaborate on the specific claims made in your thesis newspapers also have online versions accessible through mobile statement. applications or through their websites. 2. Develop topic sentences for each supporting point Examples: Philippine Daily Inquirer, Manila Bulletin, New from your thesis statement. York Times, Business World c. Conclusion e. Books - Books are a classic source of information that contains Tips for Writing Conclusion: updated information on various academic and professional fields. 1. Provide a summary of the body of the paper. Books are readily available in school libraries. 2. Relate the importance of the concept in a specific Examples: Business Ethics in Theory and Practice: field or the world in general. Contributions from Asia and New Zealand. Editors: Werhane, Patricia H. Singer, Alan E.  Q2 ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES Uy, Francis Andrei T. ABM 12-01 2. Testimonies - are another form of evidence Chapter 4: Writing Position Papers and in which people who are experts and Reports (Perspective) authorities in a certain field are quoted for their knowledge, opinions, works, etc. Two Side: 3. Statistical Data - are another set of ❖ Affirmative Camp (Pro) - Speak in favor of the topic/ issue of the evidence that may be proven useful and argument (claim) effective as these are backed up by ❖ Negative Camp (Con) - Speak against the topic/ issue of the research that has undergone careful study argument (claim) and analysis. Argumentation 3. Explanation: - In argumentation, to take a certain position means to know why - To conclude your argument, give your explanation exactly you support it. This consists of the following: time to carefully map out your reasoning. 1. Main Claim - Main Claim or the firm stance or side you are - Besides providing reasons and evidence/s under taking on an issue. each claim, you may also (1) acknowledge others’ Claims of Fact - are propositions or assertions viewpoints before explaining why you are not about whether something is true based on cause supportive of them; or (2) give a ‘warrant’ or an and effect, correlation, probability, and states of underlying belief or principle that shows the readers affairs. why the reasons make the claim acceptable. (Booth, Claims of Value - are assertions of whether Collomb, & Williams, 2003) something is right or wrong, good or bad, or better or CONCLUSION: An Argument is mainly composed of a claim, its reasons and worse than something else. evidence, and of course, some explanation. Claims of Policy - are assertions whether a policy should be adopted, abolished, or altered. 2. Reasons and Evidence - Reasons and evidence will prove Lesson 9: Position Paper your main claim. These two will show how well you have Positions Paper analyzed and understood the issue before making a position - is devoted to a discussion of one side of an issue. or side. As simply explained by Booth, Collomb, and - Tackles one significant issue of a community on which the author Williams (2003). A reason explains why your main claim makes a stand. Aim at convincing readers to take the author’s should be accepted, so it may be quite abstract. A piece of position and credible evidence needs to be presented. evidence is something concrete as it proves to the readers 4 Essential Parts of Positions Paper that there is a clear basis for you to cite a specific reason. Issue ❖ Two Kinds of Reasoning - the central concept up for contention 1. Inductive - Specific to General - compels readers to make a stand 2. Deductive - General to Specific Argumentative Thesis ❖ Three Kinds of Evidence - An issue is developed into an argumentative thesis that states the 1. Examples - are provided using specific stand of the author on the issue. instances to illustrate a point.  Q2 ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES Uy, Francis Andrei T. ABM 12-01 Claims Conclusion - These are statements that support the author’s stand. - Contains a restatement of your thesis statement and summarizes - In the previous example, the author cites risks to public safety and your claims. the environment as points that strengthen his/her stand. - Give readers a strong sense of the author's position. Evidence - Proofs to strengthen the author’s claims. 1. Evidence from surveys, library research, and experiments. 2. Evidence from informant interviews (those with direct experience related to the problem/issue) 3. Evidence from expert interviews Writing a Position Paper Introductions - contains the background information concerning the issue (the who, what, where, when, and why), a yes or no question containing the issue, and the argumentative thesis. a. Background Information - Round-in contains the background information concerning the issue (the who, what, where, when, and why) b. Yes or no question – posed as an interrogative statement - allows you to weigh the evidence to support your claims. c. Argumentative thesis (Main Claim) – the sentence that takes a stand on the issue and includes the claims to support your stand. Body - Is devoted to an enumeration of arguments opposing a stand. - Highlights the author’s opposite claims - - allows you to refute these claims in the body of your argument - For succeeding sections of the body of your paper, elaborate on the claims in your thesis. These sections should include evidence that will convince readers of the strength of your stand. - Proofs to strengthen the author’s claims: 1. Evidence from surveys, library research, and experiments 2. Evidence from informant interviews (those with direct experience related to the problem/issue) 3. Evidence from expert interviews