Basic Needs of Living Things Review

One of the characteristics of living things is reproduction. Reproduction is the protei of producing new offspring of living things is reproduction. Reproduction ensures that their kind will continue as time passes one things reproduce. Species of bacteria create the same species of bacteria. **Spec...

One of the characteristics of living things is reproduction. Reproduction is the protei of producing new offspring of living things is reproduction. Reproduction ensures that their kind will continue as time passes one things reproduce. Species of bacteria create the same species of bacteria. **Species** means a set of animals or plants in which the members have similar characteristics and can breed with each other. Offspring may differ from their parents for they have inherited a blend of their parents\' characteristics, or they may be the exact copies of them. there are two main types of production. the two main types of reproduction, sexual and asexual reproduction. Sexual Reproduction- two organisms or individuals (plants or animals) of the Involved. These species are male and female, Humans and Mammals, and other organisms use this kind of mammals like goats. reproduction. Cells from the male and cells from the female unite or join together to make one new cell. That is why you have two parents. The two sex cells of the parents unite and each be them passes on traits to the offspring. This is the reason you may have similar traits with your mother and your father, but you are not identical to either of them. Asexual Reproduction- Only one individual organism is needed to reproduce in asexual reproduction. There is only one parent in this type of reproduction. With genes from only one parent, the new organism formed is identical or the exact duplicate of that parent. They have all the same traits because their genes are handed down the same. Hereditary traits are characteristics that are passed down from one generation to the next. It explains why offspring resemble their parents. Characteristics such as body height and weight, eye color, and fur color are results of the hereditary traits passed down from the parents to their children **Basic Needs of Animals and Humans** All living things need air, water shelter, and care in order to live and grow. However there is little difference in the quality and amount of the basic needs of humans and animals. Food \- Animals and people need food to live and grow healthy. Like you, every animal must eat to stay alive. The food that animals eat helps keep them strong and well. You must have noticed that animal feeds are composed of different materials that provide different kinds of nutrients. But there is a difference between the food of animals and that of humans. Humans do not eat uncooked rice but birds do. Many of the food that humans eat are cooked first. All the food that humans eat must be clean and sanitary. Otherwise, humans get sick. **Water** \- Animals and humans need water to stay alive. They need water to replace the water that is lost from their bodies as they work. They will die of dehydration if they do not drink enough water. Animals in the forest find water for themselves. Animals living with you at home are given water to drink. Animals use water not only for drinking but also for cooling themselves during hot days. Animals can drink water directly from a river or a pond. Many of them do not get sick. But some animals get sick when they drink dirty water. Both humans and animals need clean water to drink to avoid getting sick. **Air** \- All living things must have air to stay alive. They need oxygen. Animals need oxygen to be able to use the food that they eat. Both humans and animals need clean air to breath. Dirty air in the environment can make both humans and animals sick. **Suitable Habitat** \- Animals need suitable shelter to protect themselves and their young from bad weather and their enemies. Animals live where they find protection. Many of them build nests or burrows for their young ones. Note that there is a big difference between the shelter of animals and that of humans. Human houses are much bigger than the houses of some animals. Human houses have usually separate spaces for sleeping, cooking, eating, and playing. **Basic Needs of Plants** Plants get energy from the Sun. Certain cells in the leaves of green plants change this light energy into a form of energy that plants can use. Plants manufacture their own food. That makes them different from most living things. Plants also need air, water, and care to live and grow well. **Where Do Plants Get Energy?** Plants get energy from the Sun. Plants use light energy from the Sun to change carbon dioxide and water into simple sugar. Oxygen and extra water are the by-products. They escape through the holes of the leaves. Plants combine with minerals from the soil to develop their parts such as leaves, stems, and roots. Plant parts are used as food for humans and animals. Since plants can make food in the form of sugar on their own, they are called **producers.** The plant process of making food is called **photosynthesis,** which makes plants special and vital among living things. **Where Do Animals Get Food?** Animals cannot make their own food. They must eat food from the environment. Since animals eat food from the environment, they are called **consumers.** Plants produce the materials that animals depend on such as food as source of their energy. When a cow eats part of a plant, it is consuming the energy from the materials that the plant has stored. Without plants, animals will die. An **ecosystem** is a system where living things interact with their environment. The living things in the ecosystem will get the materials they need from **What Do Animals Eat?** Carabaos, cows, and horses eat grass and leaves. Rabbits eat grass, carrots, and beans. Butterflies and bees suck nectar from flowers for their food. All of these animals eat plants. Animals that eat plants are called **herbivores**. Eagles eat small birds and snakes. Lions and tigers eat meat of other animals. Big fish eat small fish. Frogs eat insects. These animals that eat the meat of other animals are called **carnivores.** Most carnivores directly kill and eat other animals. They are called **predators**. The animal that is killed and eaten by predators is called the **prey.** Some animals eat both plants and the meat of other animals. They are called **omnivores**. Humans eat both plants and the meat of other animals. Thus, humans are omnivores. Chicken, ducks, fish, cats, and mice are other examples of omnivores. There are also some animals that eat decayed or decaying plants and animals. These animals are called s**cavengers**. The vulture, raven, earthworm, and snail are scavengers. Animals that eat only insects are special types of carnivores called **insectivores**. Frogs, lizards, moles, spiders, and praying mantises all feed on insects, so they are insectivores. **How Do Living and Nonliving Things Interact?** Living things are always interacting with each other and with the nonliving things in their environment. All plants, animals, and other living things that live together in one place make up a **community.** In all communities, producers make food. Animals and humans eat the producers or other animals. Energy and materials are passed from one living thing to another. The Sun is the primary source of energy on Earth. The energy from the Sun is stored in plants. It is then taken by animals. This energy flow and how nutrients are passed from one organism to another is called a **food chain.** **Food Chain and Food Web** Most animals also eat different kinds of food. Because most animals eat more than one food, they belong to more than one food chain. All food chains that are connected in a community make up a food web. **How Can People Affect the Food Web?** Each part of the food web depends on the other parts. If one part of the food web changes, the rest of the food web changes in some way. People can change the food web in many ways. Taking trees out of the community is one way. Animals that need the trees for their homes or food are forced to move away The food web in the community will change. People can also change the food web when they add harmful substances to water air and soil. Example is the bad habit of improper disposal of garbage. Polluted air, and soil. Pollution could kill, population of certain species. When the number of species is unbalanced, the ecosystem that places disturbed too. This affects the food web. If this continues, this could cause overpopulation or extinction for some species. People, plants, and animals all depend on their environment to provide them with everything they need for them to survive. Humans need to continue to protect and conserve the environment.