Restorative Final (A11-A16) 2 PDF

micro mechanical → minimally invasive central incisor , lateral incisor canine...

micro mechanical → minimally invasive central incisor , lateral incisor canine , class IV cavity preparation ^ on the proximal surface on anterior teeth involving the ina-sat edge e. g. 21 ( FDI) Mesial cavity (done from palatal surface) 1) Initial preparation → prepare class 111 mesially 2) bur selection → diamond round bur 3) transform class # cavity into class IV > extend cavity ina-salty vestibular cavity wall stays intact & take care of the finger test , the bur can slip easily 4) removal of ina-sat edge with a fissure bur oblique reduction of the i nasal edge  After oblique reduction of ina-sad edge by the fissure bur Vestibularly → 5) bevetting of buccal enamel > Using aflame shaped bur - ↳ bevel 0 5- 1mm. Treatment of crown fractures of anteriorteeth Types of crown fractures 1) fracture of enamel 2) crown fracture without pulp involument 3) crown fracture with pulp involvement It Class fracture type classification : - 1 - class 6 crown fractures = divided into 9 Squares I.fi t i s class 1 :L unit or less lost - Class 2 : loss not exceeding 2 Square As = = class 3 : does not exceed 2- 5 squares & covering 213 of i nasal edge classing wedeeks a class 4 extensive fracture atleast 3 squares : class 5 : covering 3 Squares containing the full utt 2.5 inasal edge Listalor class 6 : covering 6 Squares containing All of Mesial inasal edge sqtcoverbatincisee.ge 0h  5 3 sq fullinggededge osqtta.ie fy 1) Fracture of enamel - Small damage of enamel ↳ smoothing of sharp enamel surfaces - fracture ofina-salang.ie ↳ reconstruct incisalangle cbevellingofe.name/is2frthecrea1ionofa from composite using adhesive technique important. larger adhesive surface - 2) Crownfractrecwithoutpulp involvement) - frdctreofincisatedge ↳ incisaledge replacement ( preparation ofenamei beveling obliquely'¥ , - lncisaledgeoa approximate. surface also affected ↳ preparation ofdasshl cavity 3) crownfractrecwithpulp involvement) - pulpcoveredbythindenlinlayer - fractreofaowninmiddlethird - pulp involvement - small area - fractreofcrowningingivalthird  classvonfacialandoral surfaces gmicroretenlion inthegingivalthirdofleethclassvcavitypreparah.cn minimallyinvasive from buccal view : 1) Usingapencildrawthecariouslesion - lesionisundertheequator 2) bur selection > diamond round bur correct bur > angulation is perpendicular to buccalsurfac 3) primary preparation - opening thelesionwithadiamondroundbur - markingthelesionwiththebur - following themesiodistalconvexilyofthetoth 4) thenuseadidmondfissurebur ↳ depthmaxhalfofthebvr possible mistakes ↳axio pulpalcavilywall follows - - wrong bur angulation convexity t creates undercuts gingivallyor 5) Secondary preparation occwsally ↳ beuellingtheenamelwitha - too wide enamel reddiamondflameshapedbur beveling - boris 45010 the buccal surface - depth of cavilyisto - concentrical enamelbevellingistmmcwidth) Mucha tiskofpulp exposure (morethanhalfd bur ) cervidlareaoftotho.at/-hecemento-enameljundion area - aesthetic problem - cervical tooth sensitivity ( DENTIN SENSITIVITY ) s - denh-nisexposedfsensit.ve ↳ leadstpainwhenthetothis exposed to certain stimuli - normally dentinal tubules which are fluid-filled aredosed when dental hypersensitivity occurs > tooth neckinvdvedfdenlinattrbules.ae opened tubules in dentine become exposed → theselvbulesmaycomeinlocontact with stimuli → which can induce movement of fluid within tubules → this movement canlriggernenes.in/-hepulp-sWhichmayinducepain cervical tothlesionsccariousvsnon - carious) → CARIOUS CERVICAL LESION s NON - CARIOUS CERVICAL LESION Abfraction Definition: Abfraction is the loss of tooth structure due to occlusal stress and biomechanical forces, causing microfractures in enamel and dentin. Abrasion Definition: Abrasion is the mechanical wearing away of tooth structure due to external physical forces. NCCL → NON CARIOUS CERVICAL LESION  multifactorial ! → NCCL → noncariouscenicallesicns major area's of influence : - Stress - friction - biocorrosion (chemical , biochemical , electrochemical degradation) Restorative therapy → direct filling Restorative options - basicguidlines - Resin composited aesthetic wishesofpalient dentin adhesive potential pulp exposure - resin modified glass Incurable dentin hypersensitivity ionomer cement Isolation → rubber dam ↳ retraction cordisdaliabonding dentin nbevehingofenamel agentsmarg.in (DBA) → recommended forbetleradhesionttheenamel to ensure optimal bonding strength and durability. Incremental composite refers to the technique of placing composite resin in small layers (increments) rather than in a bulk- ll technique. Each layer is then light-cured separately before adding the next, ensuring better adaptation, reduced shrinkage stress, and improved longevity of the restoration Methods of Root Coverage: Coronally Advanced Flap (CAF) → Repositioning gingival tissue to cover the exposed root. Subepithelial Connective Tissue Graft (SCTG) → Taking soft tissue from the palate to cover the root. Guided Tissue Regeneration (GTR) → Using membranes and biomaterials to encourage gum regrowth.  Ers Aimoffllings skes 45 replace defective / → to restore the function , integrity and morphology cariouspartsofthetoth of missingtooth structure often resulting fromcanesctoothdecay) , restore tooth function trauma or wear prevent further invasion of caries → fillings protect teeth from further damage aesthetics Required properties 1) biocompatibility > Nontoxic & non - allergenic 2) aesthetic.co/or&- transparency s.co/ormatchingnatvrattoth&translucencysimiiar to enamel 3) easy to apply (simple adaption) 4) mechanical resistance → long lasting 5) durable intheordl environment 6) does not abrade antagonist tooth 7) Adhesion sstongadhesiantoenamelanddenhn minimized marginal > gapst prevent secondary caries 8) chemical resistance ( from corrosion 9) polishability 10) wear resistance 117 High compressive Extensile strength Cermet cement is a stronger alternative to Glass-ionomer, zinc E) resistance to thermal expansion glass ionomer cement (GIC) due to added metal phosphate, polycarboxylate, or particles but compromises resin-based B) Inexpensive ( cost-effectiveness - affordable) aesthetics classification a- Direct : applied directlyto the cavity during @ single visit ( intra orally) - Amalgam.com/sosile.glassionomercement B- Indirect fabricated outside the : mouth (extra - orally> inthedentallab andthencementedtthetooth chairside Inlays Onlays overlay , ,  Be Based on material metallic → Gold , Gold alloy ( platina) , silver palladium porcelain fvsedtmetal , non-metallic → Composite resin glass ionomer cements , Be Based on setting mechanism 1) Self - cure 2) Light - cure 3) Dualcure } some composite cements GIC , composites composite RMGIC, types of fillings canbemetalor aesthetic CINLAYIONLAY ) Indirect fabricated inhabit goldczzcarat) ↳ composite cemented chairside gold alloy (platina) ceramic ( EXTRA ORAL) - Silver palladium Hybridcceramict composite) e. g. Inlay / onlay porcelain fusedtmetal direct (INTRA ORAL Chairside application) - The conventional CFDD Amalgam 1) Amalgam Dental amalgam composition mercury and silver tinalloy - Silvercag) min 65-1. pluscopperandzinc Tin ( Sn ) Max 291. Copper Ccu )max6% properties of dental Amalgam zincczn)max2% - High compressive strength mercury CHG)max3% - moderate tensile strength - High thermal conductivity - Color f) → metallic graycdorisnot aesthetic - excellent resistance towear - Health concerns regarding mercury release Small amounts of → mercury vapor maybe released during placement polishing , removal 2) Glasslonamercementccolc) g. it involves antacid base reaction - liquid powder GPIYfkenog.PT  Matrix liquid peliaylicsr.fi B filler powder Ethnic 3) composites } resin based material ( includes different components) me 1 matrix } ORGANIC PHASEfilletSilane 2 filler particles } INORGANIC PHASE 3 Silane } COUPLING PHASE itisabindingphasetohaveabondbetweenthematix& the inorganic filler particles helpsintheadherenceofmatrixtof-llers.CI/-isacoup1ingagent) 4) Compomers compomers composite glass ionomer cement Citiscompositetglassionomercement) itisapdyacid modified composite Chota GIC) 5) Organically modified ceramic CORMOCER) ormocer organFcauykm~odified-deramic-compact.be restorative material Silicon dioxide + inorganic polymer silanized filler backbone particles Requires a separate bonding agent, similar to composite resins. Ensures strong micromechanical retention. polymer before light curing - - 1- 3% - polymerization shrinkage - methacrylate groupsareabletform cross-links Ormocer (Organically Modified Ceramic) is a new generation of restorative material designed to combine the advantages of composite resins and ceramics, offering low polymerization shrinkage and excellent biocompatibility.  temporary > Used for interim restorations linersfbasess.to/srotectthepulp > provide insulation > provide structural support Definitive Direct materials lndirectrnalenals ( Plastic) - amalgam ( solid ) - metal - Composite ( Inlay / onlay) - ceramic cont composite cavity varnishes , liners bases , 1) preserve the health of dental pulp ( protection of " "" 2) prevent irritation → chemical irritation → temperature changes (thermal insulation) > electrical protection Qrmechanical injury 3) Sedating an irritated pulp aimedatcalmingfredua.mg inflammation in the dental pulp caunyuap.mg#s/dentin(nedrtheP4P medium preparation into deep preparation into dentincnotdeep ! ) " > > CAVITY LINER LINER BASE VARNISHES ! Varnishes are not used under composite INCOMPATIBLE with the composites because : D8 Blocks adhesion Bahasa detrimental effect on the bonding Materials CAVITY VARNISH } copal varnish DENTAL LINER } calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 01 Glass ionomer Zinc phosphate resin } znoeuge.no/&-noneugenoiznoGlassionomer&zinc DENTAL BASE phosphate Glass ionomer & Resin Zincphosphalerxzincpolycarboxylate Theycanbeusedasbothliners resin Abases Zinc phosphate lutingcementrxbase zno H2O powder :Zn0 MgO , M90 f- t liquid phosphoric acid : , CAVITY VARNISHES } copal vanish A) 3T 2nA Hzocwater Aluminium, ionandzincions cavity varnishes : susedtosealdenhnaltubules x̅ → toreducemichleakage Indicated under > that could cause AMALGAM RESTORATIONS Sensitivity discoloration > , o.no/- compatible with bacterial invasion composites > blocks adhesion /⇐ > effector bonding prevent moisture contamination in newly placed Glass ionomer restorations properties - sealsdenknaltubuless.lv sensitivity - evaporates rapidly → thinsdublelayer - noirritaliantothevitaltissuecnon acidic) - ofthe.to/-hfommetalionsinamalgam - prevents discoloration  DENTAL CAVITY LINER material thatisplacedinathinlayerover exposed dentine within a cavity preparation ssooneofit's functions is dentinal sealing spulpal protection > thermal insulation > stimulation of irregular secondary/ tertiary dentine formation DENTAL BASE placed on floor of cavity preparation ( in @ THICK LAYER) for pulp protection > provides thermal insulation > absorbs occlusal surfaces ! Basestxliners g. sANDWED between the cavity preparation ☒ restorative material of operator's choice PULP CAPPING } dental procedure performed tprolectthepulpofatoth When it has been exposed orisatriskof exposure - procedure involves placing @ material over the pulp - when the pulp is directly exposed , 'd biocompatible material isplacedonthe exposed pulptosealQ.pro/ectitpUlpcappingmateri2lSCKN0WALLC ! !!) 1) calcium hyroxidecacotllz 2) mineral trioxide aggregate CMTA) 3) Tri calcium phosphate - 4) Biodenline 5) Bioaggregate 6) Bonding systems  P Bio CCO Bond system 2 BIT II allline > function : for director indirect pulp capping 10 i IE iE antibacterial 72pA > alkaline pH 11-12 Fy a. ↳ disinfect the superficial pulp ↳ stimulates formation of irregular secondary tertiary dentine The e. catalyst + Base ↳ CACOH)z Soften disintegrates , &dissolves overtime 1EE 899 y MTE mirÉtn-oxide → aggregate 2 sdirectpulpcapping >3 :L Cpowdertliquidralio> ins minutes ↳ promotes hard tissue formation > 1¥02 zhrs > 12.5 ( after mixing). Tri-Calcium Phosphate (TCP) ✔ Used in bone regeneration procedures. ✔ Promotes hard tissue formation by stimulating osteoblasts. ✔ Forms a contiguous and thick dentin bridge with minimal pulpal in ammation. ✔ Works through direct apposition on the pulpal wall, meaning it helps in dentin bridge formation without excessive irritation. 🔹 Clinical Use: ✅ Dentin bridge formation in direct pulp capping. ✅ Bone grafting and periodontal regeneration. Temporary Restorations aimof temporary stosavethepreparedtooth restorations surface tinvdvethetoothinit's function orreleaseit from loading minimizes the possibility of fracture of prepared cusps prevents thedriftngofthepreparedtooth prevents gingival growth into the prepared cavity 1. IMPORTANT for indirect restoration cavities the Also very important that temporary fillings used are when removing the temporary filling BB Acrylate material thecavityshouldnotbe BB composite temporary filling material harmed ! Reasons for temporary restorations : - Urgency - lackoftime → time consuming treatment - treatment needs more appointments - → alsolimeisneededfor laboratory workphasecdental technician)  DENTAL AMALGAM Amalgam } analloyofmercurywithany other metal Binary s bother metal contains ternary , mercury 2 other metals & Quaternary → 3 other metals Dental amalgam } Ductility refers to the ability of a material to undergo signi cant plastic deformation before rupture. In dentistry, ductility and is an important mercury metals used in restorative materials, such as gold and amalgam, as it determines their ability to be shaped and adapted without fracturing silver property, tinalloy particularly - for plus copper and zinc properties of dental Amalgam Galvanic Corrosion → Occurs when amalgam comes into contact with another metal restoration (e.g., gold crowns), creating an electric current that accelerates corrosion - High compressive strength - - - moderate tensile strength - High thermal conductivity - Color f) → metallic gray color is not The conventional CFDD Amalgam aesthetic composition - excellent resistance to wear Silvercag) min 65% - Health concerns regarding mercury release Tin ( Sn ) Max 29% Small amounts of 6% → mercury vapor maybe copper Ccu ) Max released during placement polishing OR removal , Zincczn) Max 2% Mercury ( Hg) Max 3% Instruments for Amalgam 1865 ca tinze ly  2n 2 EE.entt.EE ehr amalgamnortar pestle Hyzy Vajm Willa Barnisher > Condensing &modeHing Tane barnish amalgam filling Care Used for modelling Reshaping amalgam Peste > the surface of the amalgam filling Morton correr carrying and putting amalgam intra prepared cavity → for mixing amalgam Reshaping the old amalgam with ↳ for removing an Steel finishing burs amalgam filling 1 steel finishing burs aluminium amalgam restorations oxide abrasive may also be polished → to refine the surface discsrxstips using abrasive coated of the amalgam ( also for polishing, rubber cups Jorgensen equation : represents therachon during amalgam 8AgzSn+33Hg=8AgzHg4tSn8H I - Setting silver tin alloy - → mercury → silver Tin mercury phase - ( primary reacts with mercury component Phase of ( Known as the amalgam alloy components alloy ) duringthe mixing ✓ process to this is gamma-2 phase) v form the gamma -1 (gamma phase)Y amalgam phase t syz - phase provides ya - phase this is the strength & weakest phase this resistance > phone to phase corrosion provides discoloration durability & strength to the amalgam  Oy Non Gamma-2 Amalgam - :} for improved properties , newer amalgams 0 have eliminated theyz phase - → the reaction involves copper Ccu) By replacing the gamma -2 phase with a. Cuzsnccoppertinalloy) rich phases I ✗ reactswithmercurytoformcopper copper - - → amalgam becomes stronger & containing phases cugsngccopper-tinalloy7-his.is/-hebasisfor' more corrosion-resistant B. high copper amalgams Replaces phase the gamma-2 - → widely used today ' stlig.hu/resistantlocorrosion increasing , the durability of the amalgam B. Residual Agzsncsiwertinalloy) TOXICOLOGY → Unreacted alloy adds strength mercury poses health risk especially I during installation or removal Histryofthetoxicologyofmercury : - inthelatelgso 's in Japan - contaminated with mercury Amalgam filings removal : - installing & remouingamalgam never , ever recommended while pregnant or breastfeeding - / Noamalgamfillingsfor children - Removing amalgam → ONLY IF INDICATED - protective gownsfcove.rs - face shields , mask , gloves a dentaldam.highspee.de/haustor.salivaejeclor - Minamata convention on Mercury - dental amalgam separators [2013> → proposes osmeasurestphase - Windows should be opened :b mercury concentration downtheuseof dental amalgam intheair  ( GIC) Glass ionomer cements CGIC> involves antacid base - reaction according tthelsotermindogyitis called polyalkenoatecement Glass Ionomer ww ionic polymer composition : liquid Powder Matri / ( liquid> + filler particles ( powder sthematnxisthepdyalkenoate contains > polyacrylicacid > itaconicacid smaleinicacid metacrylicaa-dthefil erpart-descpowderarereach.ve > silicate glass > Ca - Al - f- Silicate glass > Sr - Al - F silicate glass La ,Sr , Baiano ca2t f- in - c- translucency carries prevention Radiopacity ( responsible ( aesthetics) for x-ray shade] La Lanthanum : Sr strontium : Ba Barium : 2h0 zinc : oxide  filler particles greater than 50µm are described Micro → meter as COMPACTIBLE µm also known as micron ↳ materials often have greater thickness ( Base , filling) filler particles lessthansoumareusedfor linersrxcements 1 youcanmixthepowderrxliquideitherby handbyplacingthemalerialonaglassand 2 mixingwithametadspatvla OR by machine mixing in capsule → BEST POWDER LIQUID RATIO IS ACHIEVED : THIS WAY Basedonthepowdertoliquidralio :.ae/fthereismoreliquidthanpowder > itwillhaveamoreflowable consistency and @ smaller thickness CSOTHEYAREUSED AS CEMENTS LINERS) B. if there powder than liquid is more sitwillbecompaclibleandwitha greater acid base thickness SOTHEYAREUSEDASBASEQ FILLING). - Theglassionomercementinvowesanacid - base reaction } where the polyacrylate chains make crosslinks medium in water Zsettingphasesofglassionomercements > FIRST PHASE ftp.s-PHASE SECOND PHASE SECOND PHASE Hardening The physical properties g - - - Not stable chance - Soluble in water - further cross-links - not soluble  water resistant finishing no coaling , g. ☒ polishing until setting for 24hr5 (24hrs1 Slow → sensitive ✓ set treater 2 layer uptake ' aesthetic coating restorative finishing isolation > and polishing will afters dry the minutes restoration fast set → not sensitive Reminder : t towater r sensitive uptake 1) Slow set ( 24hrs7 > aesthetic restorative reinforced to drying restorative 2) Fastsetcrrsmins) > reinforced restorative glassionomercementscanbe classified by setting > 1 Self curing- 2 > Light - curing 3 Tri > - curing → usedinoestorahue cementszliners 1) self curing cements - } Classic powder liquidate - these are all SELF - cement mixed with water GIC CURING CEMENTS ☒liner light accelerated GIC forfillingsofdasst g. fillings ( Classis) acceleration ofthesetlingbyusinga > - fissuresealent halogen lamp and lighteningfor 20 -40sec temporary filling Sforfissuresealents Extemporary fillings 2) Light curing cement - Resin modified glass ionomer cement is a LIGHT CURING CEMENT - susedasaliner  Self curing } a. light curing - makeup the TRI CURING 3) Tri curing cement catalyst activated - - microparlides containing catalyst breaks when mixed and the catalyst is activated Glcadhesiontodentaltissueinvdvesanionicbond formation e. between CARBOXYL GROUP of POLYACRYLATE CHAIN &theca2tionof HYDROXYAPATITE Cofthetooth) ✗ IONIC BONDformedwiththecalciumions.in hydroxyapatite ( mineral component of dentin) Glass ionomer cements canalso be classified fast according to their slow USE → → fast → fast According -1005€! ! t.LU/ingcements2gcementa1ionofihlayS,on1ays , crowns , bridges postures , 1- Luling cements 5-1 FAST SETTING II. Restorative cements Powder : Liquid 1) Aesthetic 2,5-3 :L 2) Reinforced 3-4 :L 1,5 :L III. Liner cements 1,5-4 :L fast setting ✗ less soluble Good physical properties > Sensitive to drying Radiopaque 2. Polymer Chain Size and liguidy Dentin Tubules > smaller filler size of powder The polymer chains in GIC are too large to penetrate the dentinal tubules, reducing the risk of pulpal irritation. This prevents deep penetration into dentin, minimizing post-operative sensitivity compared to resin-based adhesives. 3. Dentin's Buffering Ability Dentin has a natural buffering capacity, helping to neutralize the acidity of GIC over time. The interaction between dentin and polyacrylic acid allows chemical bonding to tooth structure while minimizing damage to pulpal tissues.  Powder : Liquid 2,5-3 : 1 - 1) aesthetic " Restorative cements Powder Liquid reinforced - 2) : > 3-4 : 1 1 2 Reinforced CFAST) Aesthetic (SLOW) Itv class fillings Greater filler 1 Class filling core buildup }soitis } - , compatible fissure sealing size 50mm t soit is COMPACTIBLE fast setting a. finishing &polishing afters mins slow setting - no finishing/ polishing for 24hr5 ssensitivetdryingforrdweeks sensitive to water a. uptake Good physical properties Reduced Radiopacity & does not withstand Radiopaque loading force tc Reduced Radiopacity) Powder : Liquid 1.5-4 : I III. Liner cement Undergddoramalgam * to cover root restorations canal obturator ( FAST SETTING) Radiopaque 1. Before composite restoration Releases F- lining maybe acid etched by semisolid 37 :/ orthophosphoric acid  then comes the finishing & polishing withal're withnaribber diamond bur Polish forslowsetlingcolc > nofinishingdnd polishing for 24hr5 forfastsett-ng.GR finishing & polishing > afters minutes compomers composite glass ionomer cement Citiscompositetglassionomercement) itisapdyacid modified composite Chota GIC) thesettngisafee radical polymerization.com/oomersbindstotothCnoionexchange) water absorbed during setting compomerscanbe. > Self Curing Crdcomponents) - → light curing Ctcomponent) - theyarefor-s.fi/lingCdecidualleeth)sf-ssuresealing → core - buildup Alkasite composite itisa modified composite }new restorative material 2 component mixed , in capsule matrix ( liquid> fil ercpowde.ir#metacry1atessi1icateglassfil ers > + forming cross-links filler size :O,1 - Film cenlion Forte fillings for class cavity preparation } 1 11 fillings > Surface preparation Cpñmer) V sfillingcbybutk - fill technique) ( indifficulthabsoluteisolatecases) s OPTIONAL LIGHT CURING ! - Ormocer WU organtcauy~m-odified-deramic-compact.be restorative material Silicon dioxide + inorganic polymer silanizedfiller backbone particles polymer before light curing - - - v31 polymerization shrinkage. - methacrylate groupsareabletform cross-links COMPOSITES } resin based material ( includes different components) 1 matrix } ORGANIC PHASE 2 filler particles } INORGANIC PHASE 3 Silane } COUPLING PHASE ( BINDING PHASE ) itisabindingphasetohaveabondbetweenthemati×& the inorganic filler particles helpsintheadherenceofmatrixto filters ( Itisacouplingagent) - joins OH groups of inorganic phase - - bindsthedoublebondsofthe monomer of the matrix Matrix of composites monomers aittleunits) which under go - polymerization join together loform polymers Itisaphotpolymerization thatus.es/ightC42O-48Onm7 to initiate and propagate the polymerization from monomers > polymers forms across linked - polymer structure  What arethematn-xmonome.rs?3classifiedinh3main groups : MONOMER SYSTEMS 1) Classic methacrylate monomers 2) Newtype metacrylate monomers 3) Siloranetype monomers manufactured from - they easily 1) amdecule called polymerize Bisphenol - A - they are very BISGAF Cfoundinmanytypes of plastic materials) reactive monomers Bisphenol Ahasan -2-31 estrogen - like effect polymerization shrinkage > more viscous smoreflowable - side groups BISGMA UDMA TEGDMA }co - monomer form double bonds 2) witheachothertofom polymer chain GPDM thebaseisnon Bisphenol -1 ! TCDUTH - - SMALLER polymerization shrinkage ! - higher polymerization raliocmore areabletbepartof I monomers polymers ) > better biocompatibility & better GPDM TCD urethane Dupont0×511 monomer mechanical - properties 3) nano dimerdimethacrylale GPDM ( higher surface toughness sowhen - Nano chewing it doesn't Limerdey abrade) TCD Urethe Dupont less polymerization shrinkage ( only 1%3 nonmetacrylate monomers ! ! ! 1siloxaneringQ.4oxira.me rings metacry.la/ebasedadhesivesChasit'sownadhesive compatible with not system )  ringlikply > matrix is reinforced with crystals Whatarethetypesoffillers ( INORGANIC PHASE ) Macro V V according lithe material it Midi → will be some silicium oxide Mini molecule ceramic has silicium oxide Micro - - composite has silicium oxide macro Navy materials Midi Silicate mini Her nuartz micro nano Glass particles taking quartz material tf-llersizeheah-ngitu.PE cooling fast it very makes it silicate materials highlypolishable ↳ with zirconium ↳ with Barium ( better mechanical Marlo 100 properties & aesthelics Mid 10 Miho and 1we can also classify according lithe shape ( distribution of the fillers ) = 9.00.01 of 0 005 0 - 07 Nano  0 09 hybrid filler particles can be regular or irregular ↳ done by grinding ' F 0.1mm they are crushed o o - composites canbehomogoneous cfillerparlidesalethesamesize ) Inthenanofillers.ie/nanofiller - they can be inhomogeneous composites : cwherewehafeseveralsizesinonemalen.at) > homogeneous nanofiller OR they usually have 2 DIFFERENT SIZES , there sn_Ércomposite wasonethathad 3. DIFFERENT SIZES arranged in clusters ( this changes mechanical properties , aesthetics) wealsohave special fillers ! a. oneofthoseiscalledahybridfiller ( because thesilanecouplingphaseisnot enough) > pre - polymerized (organic matrix + inorganic fillers) andthentheygnndittomakefiller particles out of this matrix (organic> + fillercinorganic) polymerize - 2- thengrindthematenaltgeta specialized f- llertoputinanothermatrix Other specialized fillers other hybrid composites can haveglassfbres.theycanha.ve fiber reinforced :Lndoftenintoday's dentistry - polyethylene fibres - shortfibrsthatarewhiskershapedcat - glasscanbeshortxrandomlyorienled randomly oriented this moment experimental - Short fibres , parallel oriented butstillitexists) - longfibres parallel oriented ,  0 5 129 Composites can be classified based on flowable mm consistency → > compactble - also classified accordingthayer thickness → liners. Usually compatible they can also be categorized according to composites are layered , bulk fill - polymerization : - Self curing } youhave2phasesmixitQ.it sets - light curing ( LC) - Dual curing } both Cwhenwecementcrownrestorahonsoronlay restorations) classification ACCORDING INTO INDICATION - liners - fissure sealers - restorative Cd& indict) "oral intra extiaoral - cement Cusualeydualcure) Restorative : dentin replacement - veneering material - temporary - Splinting material properties of composites - toughness against abrasion - Tfiller content 8 ( improves physical chemical rdxmechanical , x̅ shrinkage is the biggest disadvantage of properties) composite material !  eternum an filler Phene sin Pe age he 446g