Respiratory Pathophysiology Notes PDF
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These notes cover respiratory pathophysiology, including potential problems affecting ventilation and perfusion. Key topics include infections such as pneumonia and bronchitis, as well as conditions like asthma, COPD, cystic fibrosis, and pulmonary embolism. The notes also explain atelectasis and ventilation issues.
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Respiratory pathophysiology Potential problems, the effect ventilation and perfusion. As well as gas exchange and tissue perfusion: – Inflammation - Obstruction - Infection - Fibrosis - Collapse INFECTIONS: URTI = - cold - influenza - COVID. – croup - sinusitis LRTI = - pneumonia -...
Respiratory pathophysiology Potential problems, the effect ventilation and perfusion. As well as gas exchange and tissue perfusion: – Inflammation - Obstruction - Infection - Fibrosis - Collapse INFECTIONS: URTI = - cold - influenza - COVID. – croup - sinusitis LRTI = - pneumonia - tuberculosis. – bronchiolitis Atelectasis / ventilation - Pneumothorax, air in the pleural space which increases pressure and causes the lung to collapse. Due to the difficulty to expand when breathing in. - Haemothorax, blood in the pleural space. Asthma It is a chronic inflammation of the bronchi and bronchioles that can be reversed with steroid inhalers. There are 2 main types of asthma: atopic (triggered by allergens e.g., pollen & dust) and non-atopic (exercise, viral infection induced.) Aetiology – genes and environment Treatment: Inhalers can be relievers or preventors, relievers tend to be quick acting steroids. While preventors COPD An obstruction that is progressive and cannot be reversed. Can include chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Chronic bronchitis – damage to the bronchial cilia and increased mucous production, that blocks the airway. Emphysema – is the destruction of protease and a reduction in alveolar recoil, due to over inflammation and trapped air. Cystic fibrosis Mucus blocks the airway increases the chances of developing a bacterial infection. A disruption of protein, that is genetically inherited. Can be treated with symptom control, monitoring, gene therapy and physio. Pulmonary embolism A clot in the vein moves around the body and reaches the lung, often moving into a small vessel which impacts the ability to perfuse. Without perfusion a section of the lung will become necrotic and die. There is also the risk of developing an infection.
