Research Methods & Biostatistics MCQ PDF

## Research Methods & Biostatistics - MCQ 1. Published information in a particular subject area is discussed in? - Journals - Research proposal - **Literature review** - Bioethics - All of them 2. There are ____ basic elements of a literature review. - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5...

## Research Methods & Biostatistics - MCQ 1. Published information in a particular subject area is discussed in? - Journals - Research proposal - **Literature review** - Bioethics - All of them 2. There are ____ basic elements of a literature review. - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - **7** 3. Which one is not an element of a literature review? - Headings - **Introduction** - Body - Conclusion - Recommendations 4. Summarize & synthesize are characteristics of? - Research design - **Literature review** - Story writing - Journalism - All of them 5. Who should write a literature review? - Scholar - Teacher - **Supervisor** - Co-ordinator - Consultant 6. Sources of Literature review are all, except? - Books - Journals - Articles - Magazines - **Discussions** 7. Which of the following is characteristic of poor L.R? - Critical evaluation - Clarity - Conciseness - **Narrow & Shallow** - None of them 8. Which of them is a characteristic of good L.R? - Confusing - **Critical evaluation** - Longwinded - Confined to description - All these 9. The purposes of Literature review are all, except? - Copy pasting - **Discovering** - Synthesizing - Identifying - Establishing 10. L.R is written ____ of the thesis. - In the start - At the end - **After introduction** - In the middle - After references 11. The method that consists of collection of data through observation and experimentation, formulation and testing of hypothesis is called ____ method. - Empirical - **Scientific** - Scientific information - Practical knowledge - None of these 12. All research processes start with ____. - Observation - **Hypothesis** - Experiments - Deduction - Analysis 13. A Research is a ____. - Lab experiment - **Systematic and scientific inquiry** - Report - Procedure - Hypothesis 14. Which one of the following is/are not the characteristic of research? - Systemic - Logical - Empirical - Replicable - **Non-systematic** 15. The purpose of research is to: - Review or synthesize existing knowledge - Investigate existing situations or problems - **Provide solutions to problems** - Explain new phenomenon - All of these 16. On the basis of objective point of view how many types of research? - 2 - 3 - **4** - 5 - 7 17. Applied research is a type of research on the basis of ____. - Application - Objective - Types of information sought - **Application and objective** - None of these 18. Which of the following is/are the type of research on objective point of view? - Basic - Applied research - **Explanatory research** - Qualitative - Quantitative research 19. All of the following are the types of research on the basis of objective EXCEPT: - Exploratory - Descriptive - Correlation research - **Applied research** - Explanatory 20. On the basis of information sought there are 2 types of research which are: - Exploratory research & explanatory research - Descriptive research & correlation research - **Qualitative research & quantitative research** - Basic research & applied research - Basic research & explanatory research 21. Which of the following statement is not correct about a questionnaire? - A technique for collecting data - Large amounts of information can be collected - Its quick and easy to collect results - **An expensive method to collect data** - Set of questions for the purposes of a survey or statistical study 22. Which of the following is a first step of designing a questionnaire? - **Identify the goal of a questionnaire** - Choose a question type or types - Identify a target demographic - Restrict the length of your questionnaire - Develop questions for a questionnaire 23. Types of commonly used questions in a questionnaire are: - Yes/no question - Agree/disagree - Open-ended - Rank-order / scale - **All of the above** 24. By writing a questionnaire you should avoid the following thing: - Restrict the length of your questionnaire - Explain the purpose of the questionnaire - **Ask more than one question at a time** - Beware of asking for private or "sensitive" information - Put the most important questions at the beginning of your questionnaire 25. Which of the following is a first step in writing a questionnaire? - Explain the purpose of the questionnaire - **Self introduction** - Estimate time - Reveal what will happen with the data you collect - Describe any incentives that may be involved 26. Common ways to distribute questionnaires are: - An online site - Using the mail - Conduct face-to-face interviews - Using the telephone - **All of these** 27. Advantages of questionnaire are: - Inexpensive - A practical way to gather data - Its quick and easy to collect results - Allow you to gather information from a large audience - **All of the above** 28. A systematic study directed toward greater knowledge or understanding of the fundamental aspects of phenomena is called ____. - Applied research - **Basic research** - Explanatory - Qualitative - Quantitative 29. Which research refers to scientific study and research that seeks to solve practical problem? - Basic research - **Applied research** - Explanatory - Correlational - Descriptive 30. Preliminary data collection is a part of the ____ research. - Qualitative - **Exploratory** - Explanatory - Correlational research - Descriptive research 31. The purpose of which of the following research is to help in the process of developing a clear and precise statement of research problem rather than in providing a definitive answer? - **Exploratory** - Descriptive - Explanatory - Basic research - Applied research 32. Which type of research is undertaken to provide answers to questions of who, what, where, when, and how - but not why. - Correlational - **Descriptive** - Explanatory - Basic research - Applied research 33. Which of the following best describes quantitative research? - The collection of non-numerical data - **An attempt to confirm the researcher's hypotheses** - Research that is exploratory - Research that attempts to generate a new theory - None 34. A research in which the principal objective is to know and understand the trait and mechanisms of the relationship and association between the independent and dependent variable is called.... - Correlation - Descriptive - **Explanatory research** - Basic research - Applied research 35. Which of the following is a characteristic of qualitative research? - Deductive process - Control over the context - Fixed research design - **Inductive process** - None of these 36. Deductive Reasoning is applied in: - Qualitative - Action research - **Quantitative research** - Applied - All of above 37. One step not included in a research planning study is: - Identifying researchable problem - a review of current research - Statement of research - **Developing a research plan** - None 38. The feasibility of research study should be considered in light of: - Cost and time required to conduct research - Skill required of researcher - Potential ethical concerns - **All of the above** - None 39. The research participant described in detail in which section of research plan: - Introduction - Method - **Data analysis** - Discussion - All of above 40. A research plan ____. - Should be detailed - Should be given to other for review and comments - Sets out the rationale for a research study - **All of the above** - None 41. The method section of research plan typically specifies: - The research participants - The result of prior studies that address the phenomena of interest - The apparatus instruments and materials for research study - The planned research procedure - **A, C and D** 42. The introduction section of research of research plan. - Gives overview of prior relevant study - Contains a statement of purpose of study - **Both A and B** - None 43. Pick out odd one. Probability sampling can be: - Simple random sampling - **Systemic random sampling** - Stratified random sampling - Convenience sampling - None 44. A subset that is chosen from large population? - Parameter - Variable - **Sample** - Statistic - None of them 45. Individual is chosen randomly and entirely by chance such each individual has the same probability of chosen? - Systemic random sampling - **Simple random sampling** - Stratified random sampling - Complex sampling - Non-sampling 46. Which of the following sampling method required complete information about the entire individual of population? - Systemic random sampling - Stratified random sampling - Simple random sampling - Convenience sampling - **All of above** 47. Sampling technique used when population under study is heterogeneous? - Simple random sampling - **Stratified random sampling** - Systematic random sampling - Snowball - All of above 48. A specific plan or protocol for conducting research that allow researcher to transform conceptual hypothesis into practical one is ____. - Research - Basic research - **Study design** - Research problem - None 49. The basic epidemiological study designs are of ____ types. - Two - Three - Seven - **Eight** - Ten 50. Pick individual based descriptive research: - **Cross sectional** - Cohort - Case report - RCT’s - Quassi experiments 51. Pick population based descriptive research: - Case-control - RCT's - Case series - **Cohort** - Ecological research 52. Pick observational based analytical study design: - Case report - Case series - Ecological - **Cohort** - All of above 53. Pick experimental/interventional study design: - RCT’s - Quassi experiments - Case control - **Cohort** - Both A & B 54. Which one is not an analytical study? - Ecological - Cohort - Case-control - **RCT’s** - Quassi experiments 55. A single patient clinical history is described in detail in ____. - Cohort - Case-control - **Case study** - Case series - All of above 56. Snapshot of population at a point of time is ____. - Case report - **Cross-sectional** - Cohort - Quassi - RCT’s 57. Screening surveys is example of ____ study design. - Cross-sectional - Lab tests - WHO screening - Community screening - RCT’s 58. Temporal relation doesn't exist in ____ study design. - Case report - Case series - Cohort - **None of these** - Both A & C 59. The variable being tested & measured in a scientific experiment is ____. - **Dependent** - Independent - Subjective - Fixed - None-statistical 60. A ____ variable is changed & controlled in a scientific experiment. - Dependent - **Independent** - Subjective - Fixed - Non-statistical 61. Which of the following is non-probability sampling technique? - Simple random sampling - Stratified random sampling - **Snowball sampling** - Cluster sampling - Systematic random sampling 62. Ethics is the branch of ____. - Philosophy - Social sciences - Statistics - Biostatistics - **Bio-medics** 63. A field of study concerned with the ethics & philosophical implications of certain biological & medical procedures, technologies & treatments is called ____. - Bio-medics - Biotechnology - Biogeography - Biology - **Bioethics** 64. Research should be driven only by desire to establish the ____. - Information - Conclusion - **Truth** - Planning - All of these 65. Who provided Helsinki declarations for guidance of medical research community? - WHO - UNO - OIC - **World medical association** - None 66. General ethical principles include: - Beneficence - Non-maleficence - Respect for person - **All A, B & C** - Only A & C 67. Informed consent is also a part of: - Social sciences - **Research ethics** - Lab tests - TV shows - Social media 68. The process of identifying & reporting unethical or unsound research is called ____. - Research ethics - **Research misconduct** - Study design - Scholarity - None 69. ____ is making up data or results & recording or reporting them. - Research ethics - **Research misconduct** - Study design - Scholarity - None 70. The appropriation of another person's ideas, processes, results or words without giving appropriate credit is called ____. - Plagiarism - Falsification - Publication - Fabrication - Jurisdiction 71. The answers from respondents of the questionnaire are run in software called, ______. - Falsification - Fabrication - Publication - Jurisdiction - **Plagiarism** 72. SPSS software can also detect the magnitude of ____. - Plagiarism - Study design - Research ethics - **Literature review** - None 73. Our research starts with the first step of ____. - Research type - **Research ethics** - Research problem - Plagiarism - Both A & C 74. A research scholar is guided by a trained scholar or ____. - Pharmacist - **Supervisor** - Parents - Colleagues - School friends 75. A research normally ends with some ____. - Recommendations - Conclusions - Summary - **Both A & B** - Only C 76. Expansion of knowledge is possible & the result of ____ research. - True research - Systematic research - Complete research - **All A, B & C** - Only A 77. Step by step & proper method is called ____. - **Systematic approach** - Non-systematic - Logical step - Inferences - None of these 78. What isn’t included in research? - Only info: gathering - No contribution to new knowledge - Innovative - **Both A & B** - None 79. The 5 key characteristics of a research include all, except ____. - Systemic - Logical - **Reproductive** - Empirical - Replicable 80. Smoking & lung cancer is an example of ____ research. - Descriptive - Exploratory - Explanatory - Basic research - **Correlational** 81. Unstructured or semi-structured techniques & non-statistical analysis is part of ____. - Quantitative - **Qualitative** - Action research - Applied research - All of these 82. The data acquired from internet or medical record is ____ data. - Primary - Qualitative - Quantitative - **Secondary** - Both C & D 83. A person is given a questionnaire for inquiring his health status, the data provided is ____. - Primary - Secondary - Tertiary - Indirect data - **Analytical data** 84. Measurement the height of students of class 7th & writing it as 4 ft, 4.5 ft, 4.7 ft, this is ____. - Qualitative research - Applied - **Quantitative** - Descriptive - Basic 85. The following type of research is used to recommend a final course of action: - Action research - Basic - Qualitative - **Quantitative** - Both C & D 86. Which step isn’t included in doing before writing a literature review? - Clarity - Narrowing topic - Finding model - **Avoid focus** - Consider organization 87. Keeping own voice in writing research is a part of writing ____. - Literature review - Introduction - Recommendations - **Conclusions** - All of these 88. In writing each piece, considerations should be given to all, except ____. - Provenance - Vigilance - Objectivity - Value - **Persuasiveness** 89. Which one is not part of research methodology? - Collecting info - Writing L.R - Drawing conclusions - **Follow up** - Publication 90. The part where credit is given to any author of previous work is called ____. - Introduction - Conclusion - **References** - Publication - All of these 91. Strength of association is studied in which study design? - Analytical - **Observational** - Interventional - Both A & C - Both B & C 92. Testing of hypothesis is done in ____. - Analytical - **Observational-analytical** - Interventional - Both A & C - Both B & C 93. Developing the hypothesis is an objective of ____ study. - Analytical - Interventional - Observational - Experimental - **Descriptive** 94. No examination of association b/w exposure & health outcome, select true study design: - Analytical - Descriptive - Interventional - **Observational** - Experimental 95. A study that helps in developing an etiological hypothesis: - Cohort - **Case-control** - Case report - Cross-sectional comparative - Case study 96. When you are searching different search engines & assessing published materials. It is a ____. - Literature review - Literature search - Internet surfing - **Both A & B** - None 97. Outline approach is used in which part of research? - Questionnaire - Research ethics - **Study design** - L.R - All of these 98. "Do you treat your children with kindness like a good parent should do?" This is a ____ question. - Confusing - Double-barrelled - **Loaded or bias** - Fine - Invalid 99. Do you like cats and dogs? This is a ____ question. - Confusing - **Double-barrelled** - Loaded or bias - Fine - Invalid 100. You should start your questionnaire with a question that is more ____ to topic. - Relevant - Exhausting - **Strong** - Endless - Confusing