Reproductive Physiology I: Female Reproductive Cycle - Part 2 PDF
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Summary
This document provides an overview of the female reproductive cycle, detailing the stages and hormonal control. It explains the roles of oestrogen and progesterone, and the changes in the cervical mucus during the cycle. The summary includes details of the menstrual cycle, proliferative phase, and secretory phase.
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12/01/24 Reproductive Physiology I: Female Reproductive Cycle: part 2 Learning objective: de ne and describe all stages of the menstrual cycle, and the hormonal control involved during each stage. Learning objective: de ne normal and abnormal menstrual cycles. Menstrual cycle: Bet ween 21-35 days (...
12/01/24 Reproductive Physiology I: Female Reproductive Cycle: part 2 Learning objective: de ne and describe all stages of the menstrual cycle, and the hormonal control involved during each stage. Learning objective: de ne normal and abnormal menstrual cycles. Menstrual cycle: Bet ween 21-35 days ( mean 28 days ). Driven by changes in the HPO axis. Main hormones: progesterone and oestrogen. Ovarian cycle: follicular and luteal phase. Uterine cycle: proliferative and secretory phases. Ovarian cycle: 1. Follicular phase. 2. Ovulation. 3. Luteal phase. Menstrual cycle: 1. Menses- lasts bet ween 3-5 days. 2. Proliferative phase- endometrium regrows. Varies in time. 3. Secretory phase- endometrium thickens to receive conceptus ( blastocyst ). Oestrogen: This is a steroid hormone. Three types: estrone, estradiol and estriol. They act upon oestrogen receptors in a wide variety of cells. Oestrogen also promotes endometrial proliferation and secondary sexual characteristics. Progesterone: This is a androgen steroid hormone. Produced by the corpus luteum and then the placenta. There are high levels during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle. It promotes endometrial development. It has a negative feedback loop to keep LH/FSH low in the luteal phase of the ovulatory cycle. Cervical changes: Oestrogen makes the cervical mucus thin and watery. Imagine to door for estrogen opens sperm This is done to aid migration of sperm through the cervical os. Progesterone makes the mucus thicker forming a plug. Preventing bacteria entering the uterus. Maintaining pregnancy. image the door embryo progesterone and safe keeps inside closes the
