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**GROUP 5 -- Techniques in Summarizing a Variety of Academic Text** - **Summarize** - give a brief statement of the main points of (something). - **Skimming** - the action of reading something quickly to note only the important points. - **Scanning** - look at all parts of (somethin...

**GROUP 5 -- Techniques in Summarizing a Variety of Academic Text** - **Summarize** - give a brief statement of the main points of (something). - **Skimming** - the action of reading something quickly to note only the important points. - **Scanning** - look at all parts of (something) carefully in order to detect some feature. - **Outline** - a general description or plan giving the essential features of something but not the detail. - **Paraphrase** - express the meaning of (the writer or speaker or something written or spoken) using different words, especially to achieve greater clarity. **Importance of Summarizing an Academic Text** Summarizing academic texts is an important skill for students, scholars, and professionals in many fields. Here are some reasons why summarizing academic texts is important: 1. **Comprehension** - Summarizing requires you to understand and synthesize complex information, which can help you better comprehend the content of the original text. 2. **Time Saving** - Summarizing allows you to quickly and efficiently identify the main points of a text, which can save you time when you need to review or refer back to the information. 3. **Retention** - Summarizing can help you remember important information by distilling it into its most essential components. 4. **Communication** - Summarizing is a useful tool for communicating complex information to others in a concise and clear manner. 5. **Research** - Summarizing is an important part of the research process, as it allows you to quickly evaluate whether a text is relevant to your research question or topic. 6. **Writing** - Summarizing can help you develop your own writing skills by providing a model for effective summarization, which can be applied to your own writing. **Techniques for Summarizing Academic Text** Academic texts can be dense and complex, and summarizing them effectively requires careful reading, analysis, and synthesis of information. Here are some techniques that can be used to summarize a variety of academic texts: 1. **Skim & Scan the text** - Before delving into the details of the text, it is useful to skim and scan the text to get a sense of its structure and main ideas. 2. **Identify Thesis Statement** - The thesis statement is the central argument of the text. Identifying it will help you understand the main point of the text and the arguments that support it. 3. **Highlight Key Points** - Identify and highlight the key points that support the thesis statement. These may include evidence, examples, and important concepts. 4. **Create an Outline** - Organize the key points into a logical outline. This will help you to see how the different pieces of information fit together and to identify any gaps in your understanding. 5. **Paraphrase** - Use your own words to restate the information in a concise manner. Paraphrasing helps to ensure that you have understood the material and can communicate it effectively. 6. **Use bullet points or numbered** - Lists Use bullet points or numbered lists to present key points in a clear and concise manner. This format is useful for summarizing information that is highly structured, such as a series of steps or a list of characteristics. 7. **Check for accuracy** - Double-check your summary to make sure that you have accurately represented the author\'s ideas and arguments. Make sure that you have not omitted any important details or misrepresented any of the author\'s arguments. **Group 6 -- Examples of Thesis Statement of an Academic Text** **Thesis Statement** - A thesis statement is the main idea or argument of a piece of writing, such as an essay or research paper. It\'s like a road map for your reader, guiding them through your piece and showing them exactly what you\'re trying to prove or argue. **Types of Thesis statement:** **Argumentative** - An argumentative thesis states the topic of your paper, your position on the topic, and the reasons you have for taking that position. (parts: topic, position, reasons) **Analytical** - An analytical thesis states the topic of your paper, what specifically you analyzed, and the conclusion(s) you reached as a result of that analysis. (parts: what's analyzed, topic, conclusion) **Expository** - An expository thesis statement states the topic of your paper and lists the key aspects of your topic that will be discussed in the paper. (parts: topic, key aspects) **~Group\ 7\ --\ Ways\ to\ paraphrase/explains\ a\ text\ using\ own\ words~** **~Paraphrasing~** - ~It\ is\ simplified\ version\ of\ an\ original\ piece.~ - ~Used\ to\ rewrite/restate\ the\ text\ into\ your\ own\ word.~ - ~Used\ to\ avoid\ PLAGIARISM.~ - ~Does\ not\ match\ the\ text\ word\ for\ word.~ - ~Involves\ putting\ a\ passage\ from\ a\ source\ into\ your\ own\ words.~ - ~Changes\ the\ words\ of\ a\ passage\ but\ retains\ and\ fully\ communicates\ the\ original\ meaning.~ - ~Must\ be\ attributed\ to\ the\ original\ text.~ - ~Means\ putting\ a\ sentence\ or\ longer\ text\ into\ your\ own\ words.\ The\ word\ "paraphrase"\ derives\ from\ the\ greek\ work\ "paraphrasis"~ - ~Rewriting\ a\ sentence\ or\ lengthier\ material\ in\ your\ own\ words\ is\ known\ as\ paraphrasing.~ **~4\ Paraphrasing\ Techniques:~** 1. ~Use\ synonyms~ 2. ~Use\ a\ different\ word\ form~ 3. ~Change\ from\ the\ active\ to\ the\ passive~ 4. ~Change\ the\ word\ order~ ~**Direct\ Quoting**\ -\ Matches\ the\ source\ word\ for\ word.\ Is\ usually\ a\ short\ part\ of\ the\ text.\ Cited\ part\ appears\ between\ quotation\ marks.\ Must\ be\ attributed\ to\ the\ original\ text~ ~**Summarizing**\ -\ Does\ not\ match\ the\ source.\ Involves\ putting\ the\ main\ ideas\ in\ your\ own\ words.\ Present\ a\ broad\ overview,\ so\ it's\ usually\ much\ shorter.\ Must\ be\ attributed\ to\ the\ original\ text~ **~When\ to\ use\ the\ 3\ skills:~** - ~**PARAPHRASE**\ when\ you\ want\ to\ avoid\ longer\ text\ or\ minimize\ direct\ quotations\ or\ rewrite\ author's\ words\ by\ not\ changing\ the\ message\ or\ use\ your\ own\ words\ to\ restate\ the\ author's\ idea~ - ~**SUMMARIZE**\ when\ you\ want\ to\ avoid\ or\ minimize\ direct\ quotation;\ use\ the\ main\ idea\ of\ the\ text\ and\ write\ it\ in\ your\ own\ words.~ - ~**QUOTE\ DIRECTLY**\ when\ you\ want\ to\ begin\ your\ discussion\ with\ the\ author's\ stand\ or\ high\ the\ author's\ expertise\ in\ our\ claims.~ **~Guidelines\ in\ paraphrasing~** 1. ~Read\ the\ text\ and\ understand\ its\ meaning.\ Don't\ stop\ until\ you\ understand\ the\ message.~ 2. ~Highlight\ key\ words\ or\ main\ ideas~ 3. ~Recall\ the\ key\ words\ or\ main\ ideas\ of\ the\ text\ that\ you\ highlighted.~ 4. ~Write\ in\ your\ own\ words\ what\ you\ understood\ about\ the\ text~ 5. ~Get\ the\ original\ text\ and\ compare\ it\ with\ yours~ 6. ~Check\ the\ meaning.\ Your\ paraphrase\ should\ have\ the\ same\ meaning\ as\ the\ original\ text.~ 7. ~Check\ the\ sentence\ structure.\ It\ should\ be\ different\ from\ the\ original\ text.~ 8. ~Don't\ add\ comments.\ Stick\ only\ to\ the\ main\ idea\ on\ the\ text.~ 9. ~Compare\ your\ work\ to\ the\ original\ text\ and\ check\ if\ its\ accurate\ and\ remove\ redundant\ words.~ 10. ~Record\ the\ details\ of\ the\ original\ text.~ 11. ~Format\ your\ paraphrase\ correctly.\ Use\ different\ formats\ to\ show\ variety\ in\ writing.~ **~Guidelines\ in\ direct\ quoting~** 1. ~Copy\ exactly\ the\ part\ of\ the\ text\ that\ you\ want\ to\ use.~ 2. ~Use\ quotation\ marks\ to\ show\ the\ beginning\ and\ ending\ of\ the\ quote~ 3. ~Record\ the\ details\ of\ the\ original\ source.~ 4. ~Format\ your\ quotation\ properly.\ If\ your\ direct\ quotations\ are\ at\ least\ 40\ words,\ it\ should\ be\ indented.~ ~**Reporting\ Verb**\ -\ Use\ to\ indicate\ whether\ that\ information\ is\ being\ used\ from\ a\ writer\ or\ to\ integrate\ your\ sources\ in\ the\ text.\ Examples:\ Say,\ Tell,\ Ask.~ **~Types\ of\ Reporting\ Verb:~** - ~**Tentative**\ --\ used\ to\ say\ what\ the\ writer\ suggest\ or\ speculates\ (ex.\ suggest,\ speculate,\ intimate,\ imply,\ propose,\ recommend)~ - ~**Strong**\ --\ used\ to\ makes\ strong\ arguments\ and\ claims\ (ex.\ argue,\ claim,\ support,\ believe)~ - ~**Neutral**\ --\ used\ to\ describe,\ demonstrate,\ refer\ to\ explain\ a\ methodology\ (ex.\ describe,\ show,\ reveal,\ study,\ demonstrate,\ note,\ pointout)~ ~**Plagiarism**\ -\ "deliberate\ copying\ of\ somebody\ else's\ work\ and\ claiming\ that\ work\ to\ be\ your\ own,\ using\ somebody\ else's\ work\ or\ ideas\ without\ proper\ acknowledgment\ or\ citation;\ and\ copying\ the\ text\ without\ paraphrasing\ it."~ Guidelines