renal1.docx

Renal Function, Urine Formation, Autoregulation, and Related Topics Quiz Multiple-Choice Questions: 1\. Which of the following is the functional unit of the kidney? \- A) Nephron \- B) Glomerulus \- C) Loop of Henle \- D) Renal pelvis Answer: A) Nephron 2\. What is the primary role of the gl...

Renal Function, Urine Formation, Autoregulation, and Related Topics Quiz Multiple-Choice Questions: 1\. Which of the following is the functional unit of the kidney? \- A) Nephron \- B) Glomerulus \- C) Loop of Henle \- D) Renal pelvis Answer: A) Nephron 2\. What is the primary role of the glomerulus in the nephron? \- A) Filtration of blood \- B) Reabsorption of water \- C) Secretion of hormones \- D) Excretion of urine Answer: A) Filtration of blood 3\. Which of the following best describes glomerular filtration rate (GFR)? \- A) The amount of blood filtered by the kidneys per day \- B) The volume of fluid filtered by the glomeruli per minute \- C) The amount of urine produced per hour \- D) The volume of plasma filtered by the glomeruli per hour Answer: B) The volume of fluid filtered by the glomeruli per minute 4\. Which structure is responsible for the reabsorption of glucose in the nephron? \- A) Proximal convoluted tubule \- B) Distal convoluted tubule \- C) Loop of Henle \- D) Collecting duct Answer: A) Proximal convoluted tubule 5\. Which hormone is primarily responsible for increasing sodium reabsorption in the kidneys? \- A) Aldosterone \- B) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) \- C) Renin \- D) Angiotensin II Answer: A) Aldosterone 6\. What is the effect of angiotensin II on the efferent arteriole in the kidney? \- A) Constriction \- B) Dilation \- C) No effect \- D) Decreases sodium reabsorption Answer: A) Constriction 7\. Which of the following is the primary driving force for glomerular filtration? \- A) Blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries \- B) Osmotic pressure in the Bowman\'s capsule \- C) Active transport in the proximal tubule \- D) Sodium-potassium pump activity Answer: A) Blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries 8\. What is the primary function of the Loop of Henle? \- A) Concentration of urine \- B) Filtration of blood \- C) Secretion of potassium \- D) Reabsorption of glucose Answer: A) Concentration of urine 9\. Which of the following is a key marker used to estimate GFR? \- A) Serum creatinine \- B) Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) \- C) Albumin \- D) Glucose Answer: A) Serum creatinine 10\. Which enzyme is responsible for the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II? \- A) Renin \- B) Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) \- C) Aldosterone \- D) Prostaglandin Answer: B) Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 11\. What is the role of the macula densa in the kidney? \- A) Sensing sodium chloride concentration in the distal tubule \- B) Secreting renin \- C) Regulating potassium levels \- D) Producing erythropoietin Answer: A) Sensing sodium chloride concentration in the distal tubule 12\. Which of the following best describes the effect of prostaglandins on the afferent arteriole? \- A) Vasodilation \- B) Vasoconstriction \- C) Increased sodium reabsorption \- D) Decreased blood flow Answer: A) Vasodilation 13\. Which hormone is produced by the juxtaglomerular cells in response to low blood pressure? \- A) Renin \- B) Aldosterone \- C) Angiotensin II \- D) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Answer: A) Renin 14\. What is the main function of the distal convoluted tubule in the nephron? \- A) Reabsorption of calcium and sodium \- B) Filtration of plasma \- C) Secretion of creatinine \- D) Concentration of urine Answer: A) Reabsorption of calcium and sodium 15\. Which part of the nephron is primarily involved in the secretion of hydrogen ions? \- A) Proximal convoluted tubule \- B) Distal convoluted tubule \- C) Loop of Henle \- D) Collecting duct Answer: B) Distal convoluted tubule 16\. Which of the following is the correct sequence of blood flow through the kidney? \- A) Afferent arteriole → Glomerulus → Efferent arteriole → Peritubular capillaries \- B) Efferent arteriole → Glomerulus → Afferent arteriole → Peritubular capillaries \- C) Afferent arteriole → Peritubular capillaries → Glomerulus → Efferent arteriole \- D) Peritubular capillaries → Efferent arteriole → Glomerulus → Afferent arteriole Answer: A) Afferent arteriole → Glomerulus → Efferent arteriole → Peritubular capillaries 17\. Which of the following substances is typically completely reabsorbed in the kidneys under normal physiological conditions? \- A) Glucose \- B) Urea \- C) Creatinine \- D) Sodium Answer: A) Glucose 18\. Which of the following factors primarily regulates GFR? \- A) Blood pressure \- B) Sodium concentration \- C) Potassium concentration \- D) Glucose levels Answer: A) Blood pressure 19\. What is the function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus in the kidney? \- A) Regulates blood pressure and GFR \- B) Produces urine \- C) Reabsorbs glucose \- D) Excretes potassium Answer: A) Regulates blood pressure and GFR 20\. Which of the following is the primary site for sodium reabsorption in the nephron? \- A) Proximal convoluted tubule \- B) Loop of Henle \- C) Distal convoluted tubule \- D) Collecting duct Answer: A) Proximal convoluted tubule 21\. Which of the following is the role of the efferent arteriole? \- A) Carry blood away from the glomerulus \- B) Supply blood to the glomerulus \- C) Filter blood plasma \- D) Reabsorb water Answer: A) Carry blood away from the glomerulus 22\. What is the function of aldosterone in kidney function? \- A) Increases sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion \- B) Decreases sodium reabsorption and increases potassium reabsorption \- C) Decreases both sodium and potassium reabsorption \- D) Increases both sodium and potassium reabsorption Answer: A) Increases sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion 23\. Which of the following is a function of the proximal tubule? \- A) Reabsorption of 65% of the filtered sodium and water \- B) Concentration of urine \- C) Secretion of potassium \- D) Excretion of urea Answer: A) Reabsorption of 65% of the filtered sodium and water 24\. Which of the following factors would lead to a decrease in GFR? \- A) Constriction of the afferent arteriole \- B) Dilation of the efferent arteriole \- C) Low blood pressure \- D) All of the above Answer: D) All of the above 25\. What is the role of the peritubular capillaries in the nephron? \- A) Reabsorption of solutes and water from the renal tubules \- B) Filtration of blood \- C) Secretion of waste products into the tubules \- D) Production of renin Answer: A) Reabsorption of solutes and water from the renal tubules 26\. Which of the following hormones is involved in the regulation of GFR by affecting afferent and efferent arterioles? \- A) Angiotensin II \- B) Aldosterone \- C) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) \- D) Renin Answer: A) Angiotensin II 27\. Which process primarily occurs in the descending limb of the Loop of Henle? \- A) Reabsorption of water \- B) Reabsorption of sodium \- C) Secretion of potassium \- D) Filtration of blood Answer: A) Reabsorption of water 28\. What is the primary effect of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) on the kidneys? \- A) Increases water reabsorption in the collecting ducts \- B) Increases sodium excretion in the proximal tubule \- C) Decreases water reabsorption in the Loop of Henle \- D) Increases glucose reabsorption in the distal tubule Answer: A) Increases water reabsorption in the collecting ducts 29\. Which of the following is a key regulatory mechanism for maintaining renal blood flow and GFR despite changes in systemic blood pressure? \- A) Myogenic response and tubuloglomerular feedback \- B) Sodium-potassium pump \- C) Renal artery stenosis \- D) Hyperkalemia Answer: A) Myogenic response and tubuloglomerular feedback 30\. Which of the following is the primary marker for assessing renal function in clinical settings? \- A) Serum creatinine \- B) Serum glucose \- C) Serum albumin \- D) Blood pressure Answer: A) Serum creatinine