Regulations in food Biotechnology.pptx

Regulations in food Biotechnology What are GMO’s? GMO foods have been available to consumers since the early 1990s. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have worked to ensure that GMOs are sa...

Regulations in food Biotechnology What are GMO’s? GMO foods have been available to consumers since the early 1990s. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have worked to ensure that GMOs are safe for people, animals, and the environment. regulations are based on the same objective that GMOs should be safe for human and animal health and the environment.  A GMO (genetically modified organism) is a plant, animal, or microorganism that has had its genetic material (DNA) changed using technology that generally involves the specific modification of DNA, including the transfer of specific DNA from one organism to another. (Scientists often refer to this process as genetic engineering)  Types of Genetic Modification Methods for Traditional crop Crops modification selective breeding and crossbreeding( for nearly 10,000 years) Most of the foods we eat today were originally created using a combination of traditional methods Genetic Engineering enables scientists to copy a gene with a desired trait in one organism and put it into another. Genetic engineering has been used since the 1970s and builds on the scientific advances we have made in the study of DNA. Genome Editing Genome editing is a new method that gives scientists more precise and targeted ways to develop new crop varieties. Genome editing tools can make it easier and quicker to make changes that were previously done through traditional breeding. GMO/ genetically Engineered? GMO is a common term consumer and popular media uses to refer to genetical modifications “Genetically Engineered” : scientists use “Bioengineerd”: seen in labels in the US for foods that has passed the National Bioengineered Food Disclosure Standard.  The Standard defines bioengineered foods as those that contain detectable genetic material that has been modified through certain lab techniques and cannot be created through conventional breeding or found in nature.  GMO crops are grown in 24 countries around the world, such as Canada, Brazil, the Philippines, and Bangladesh. The approval process for GMO crops varies from country to country, but all regulations are based on the same objective that GMOs should be safe for human and animal health and the environment. Why GMO’s? higher crop yields, less crop loss, longer storage life, better appearance, better nutrition, or some combination of these traits. https://youtu.be/oKH3alRVQs8 https://youtu.be/lT3xvugz7SU https://youtu.be/aelBdBQ9csQ How regulations are done in the Us? The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) ensure that GMOs are safe for human, plant, and animal health. These agencies also monitor the impact of GMOs on the environment. Coordinated Framework for the Regulation of Biotechnology, established in 1986, describes how the above agencies work together to regulate GMOs. U.S. Food and Drug Administration FDA regulates most human and animal food, including GMO foods. In doing so, FDA makes sure that foods that are GMOs or have GMO ingredients meet the same strict safety standards as all other foods. FDA sets and enforces food safety standards that those who produce, process, store, ship, or sell food must follow, no matter how the foods are created. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency EPA is responsible for protecting human health and the environment, which includes regulating pesticides. EPA regulates the safety of the substances that protect GMO plants, referred to as plant-incorporated protectants (PIPs)that are in some GMO plants to make them resistant to insects and disease. EPA also monitors all other types of pesticides that are used on crops, including on GMO and non-GMO crops. U.S. Department of Agriculture The USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) protects agriculture in the United States against pests and disease. APHIS sets regulations to make sure GMO plants are not harmful to other plants International standard on the safety of GMOs, including GMMs have been developed by Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (2010) USDA’s Biotechnology Regulatory Services implements these regulations. Who plays the role of ensuring GMO food safe? Many federal agencies.( Coordinated Framework for the Regulation of Biotechnology) They work to ensure the safety of GMOs. Collaboration and coordination among these agencies help make sure food developers understand the importance of a safe food supply and the rules they need to follow when developing new products using genetic engineering. FDA’s voluntary Plant Biotechnology Consultation Program evaluates the safety of food from new GMOs before they enter the market. This program allows developers to work with FDA on a product-by-product basis. How Plant Biotechnology Consultation Program works? The Plant Biotechnology Consultation Program is a voluntary program with four key steps: GMO plant developer meets with FDA about a potential new product for use in human and animal food. GMO developer submits food safety assessment data and information to FDA. FDA evaluates the data and information and resolves any issues with the developer. Consultation is complete once FDA has no more questions about the safety of the human and animal food made from the new GMO plant variety. Completed consultations are all made public. The Program allows FDA to work with crop developers to help create a safe food supply. It also allows FDA to collect information about new foods. See a full list of GMOs that have gone through the Plant Biotechnology Consultation Program. Concerns of a novel food??? (i) products that contain GMOs or result from production by GMOs (ii) products and processes that have never been used before as food or to process food (iii) microorganisms that have never been used as food or in the processing of food (iv) substantially modified traditional products and processes. Criteria used in evaluating safety of foods Regulations in Sri Lanka Genetically Modified Foods Banned in Sri Lanka May 2001 Soybeans and soy products are restricted under the new ban of GMO crops in Sri Lanka. As of May 1, 2001, Sri Lanka has banned the importation of genetically modified foods, preservatives and additives. Sri Lanka joins other countries in banning, regulating and limiting controversial GMOs  sri lanka introduced labelling norms in January 2007 to regulate genetically modified (gm) food. Under the new rules, Food (Control of Import, Labelling and Sale of Genetically Modified Foods) Regulations 2006, issued by the health ministry, all gm food or food that includes gm organisms must be labelled. If sellers or importers fail to specify so, they could be fined up to 10,000 Sri Lankan rupees (us $100). The choice of consumption is left to the consumer.  food products declared by the importer as 'gm-free' must be certified by the Chief Food Authority (cfa), who is also the country's director-general of health. To enforce the rules, some government laboratories will be equipped with gm testing facilities. Genetech Molecular Diagnostics, the pioneering genetic laboratory in Sri Lanka, has developed a low-cost test for detecting gm food or gm organisms.  According to Genetech, any product that contains 0.1 per cent or more of gm food or organism must have a label to show this. After certification, the product should carry a gm-free indication on the packaging. the Food (Control of Import, Labelling and Sale of Genetically Modified Foods) regulations 2006/ No.1450/22 Regulations 2006 and shall come into operation on 1st January 2007  https://www.fda.gov/food/consumers/agricultural- biotechnology