Regionalism PDF

Course: International Relation BBA 2 Year, 4 Semester Regionalism Deﬁnition of Regionalism: According to Joseph Nye view: International region "as a limited number of states linked by a geographical relationship and by a degree of mutual interdependence", and (international) regionalism as "the formation of interstate associations or groupings on the basis of regions". According to Hurrell 1995: 39 view: The modern world is seeing the emergence of a global trend where cooperation and integration are taking center stage. Regionalization is one way in which states respond to the challenges of globalization. Regionalism redeﬁnes the power of nation states and the essence of sovereignty. REGIONALIZATION : “The growth of societal integration within the region and…the often undirected process of social and economic interaction.” Concept of Regionalism: Regionalism is the idea that political power and inﬂuence is strengthened in speciﬁc geographic regions by the unity of nation-states known as ‘blocks’. They are united by their shared goals, incentives, interests and aims. Regionalism encompasses the economic, political, social and security dimensions. There is a distinction between cooperation and integration. Regional integration refers to when states go beyond the removal of obstacles to interaction and create a joint space governed by common rules. “New regionalism” has lead to the opening-up of countries towards economic integration and the emergence of non-state actors. The main reason there has been an increase in regionalism is a result of the increasing interconnectedness of the world.. Concept of Regionalism: In recent times, we have seen issues arise which have needed a worldwide effort and for this reason some countries are choosing to work together, forming institutions such as the European Union (EU). This results in an increase in regionalism. It can be said that regionalism originated after the end of World War Two and during the Cold War, in order to gain economic stability, increase regional stability and increase political inﬂuence. During the Cold War there were not multiple blocks but rather two distinct blocks. This increased the partnership between nation-states and increased globalization. Characteristics of Regionalism:: Security: This form of regionalism focuses on peace and security. Security regionalism can be seen in efforts to increase allies in order to avoid war and unite against a common enemy. World Politics: Regionalism has a signiﬁcant place in global politics. As a block of countries united, they are able to have signiﬁcant worldwide policies, which we will be exploring in the context of globalization. shared interests and form a group identity. They focus on speciﬁc issues but don’t completely merge into one. Sometimes, the states might disagree or have conﬂicts with each other. Inter-state Regionalism: involves issues related to state borders and occurs when the identities of different states overlap, which can threaten their interests. For example, conﬂicts over sharing resources like natural gas or disputes about territorial claims can illustrate this concept. Demand for State Autonomy: is when people in certain regions want to break away from a larger country and become independent states. This kind of demand started soon after independence but has mostly faded away now. Supra-state Regionalism: is when some states come together to support State promoted regional integration: This is a subcategory of the previous, it involves speciﬁc policies aimed at reducing or removing barriers to the mutual exchange of Goods Services Capital People The pointed out by Peter Smith, regional economic integration can be compared along: Scope (range of issues included) Depth (extent of policy harmonization) Institutionalization (extent of formal institutional building) Centralization (degree of effective authority centralization) Categorized Regionalism: Each type reﬂects different aspects of how regions interact and collaborate based on shared goals or challenges. Cultural Regionalism: Focuses on shared cultural, historical, or linguistic ties among people in a region, promoting cultural identity and heritage. Economic Regionalism: Involves cooperation among regions to enhance economic growth, trade, and investment, often through regional trade agreements. Political Regionalism: Centers on political collaboration or alliances between states within a region, which may involve shared governance or political agendas. Environmental Regionalism: Focuses on regional cooperation to address environmental issues and sustainability, recognizing that these challenges often cross borders. Categorized Regionalism: Geopolitical Regionalism: Reﬂects the inﬂuence of global power dynamics and how regional groups form in response to external political pressures or rivalries. Decentralized Regionalism: Emphasizes local governance and autonomy, allowing regions to make decisions that best suit their unique needs and circumstances. Transnational Regionalism: Involves connections and cooperation between regions across national borders, often focusing on issues like migration, trade, or environmental challenges. Social Regionalism: Focuses on improving social welfare and quality of life in a region through cooperation on issues like health care, education, and social justice Examples of Regionalism: European Union (EU): A political and economic union of European countries that promotes free movement, trade, and common policies among member states. Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN): A regional organization that fosters economic growth, cultural exchange, and political stability among Southeast Asian countries. African Union (AU): A continental union that aims to promote unity and cooperation among African nations in areas like politics, economics, and security. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO): A military alliance of countries in North America and Europe that provides collective defense against threats. Examples of Regionalism: Examples of Regionalism: Examples of Regionalism:

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