Sociocultural Factors Affecting Leisure PDF

Sociocultural Factors Affecting Leisure -​ : Two children playing with the same type of toy, -​ In 2012, 29% of all mothers were stay-at-home Jen Welter reflects on what it means to be the first female like sharing crayons, but each drawing their...

Sociocultural Factors Affecting Leisure -​ : Two children playing with the same type of toy, -​ In 2012, 29% of all mothers were stay-at-home Jen Welter reflects on what it means to be the first female like sharing crayons, but each drawing their own moms. coach (Arizona Cardinals) in the history of the NFL picture. INTRODUCTION 4.​ CP - Cooperative Play OVERSCHEDULED CHILDREN Many socio cultural factors affect personal leisure values -​ Collaborative games and projects, around 3 -​ kids whose daily routines are packed with too many and involvement today, including age, gender, sexual -​ Playing together, collaborating on the same activities, leaving little to no time for relaxation, free orientation, racial and ethnic identity, and socioeconomic activity. play, or spontaneous fun. status. -​ A group of children working together to build a -​ Parents feel if they do not start their children in large tower or playing a team game like a relay sports this young, they will be left behind. Age Factors Influencing Leisure race. -​ Experts on overscheduled children suggest a need Modern society has witnessed notable shifts in life for a balance between athletics, academics, and experiences: Between ages 6-7 character-building activities. ​ Children mature physically earlier than past -​ children often play in informal groups, where they generations but face prolonged adolescence and enjoy activities together but without strict rules OVERPARENTING education. -​ refers to a parenting style where parents become ​ Adults marry later, have fewer children, or opt out Around ages 8-12 - "gang age," excessively involved in their child's life, often to the of marriage entirely. -​ start forming more organized groups with clear point of micromanaging or controlling their every ​ Older adults enjoy longer retirement periods and rules and roles, they have more structured play and move. are more active in adventurous leisure pursuits friendships. than ever before. COINED TERMS (HP, SP) PLAY CONTRIBUTIONS TO DIFFERENT 1.​ HP - Helicopter Parenting Recreation in the Lives of Children (infancy to preteen) DEVELOPMENTS (PD, SS, CD) -​ Involves parents who are overly focused on their Childhood 1.​ PD - Physical Development children, constantly hovering and overseeing every -​ infancy to the preteen years, during -​ Motor skills = body awareness, energy building, detail of their lives. -​ PLAY fulfills vital developmental needs. joint flexibility, and muscle strength. -​ These parents often intervene in their children's activities, relationships, and challenges to ensure 4 CATEGORY STAGES OF PLAY (SP, PP, AP, CP) 2.​ SS- Social Skills they succeed or avoid failure, sometimes stifling 1.​ SP - Solitary Play: -​ Interactions = fostering language development, their independence. -​ Independent Play without Interaction personal awareness, emotional well-being, Example: A parent might call a child's teacher to discuss a -​ Playing alone, no interaction with others grade or even do their homework for them. -​ A child playing alone with building blocks, not 3.​ CD - Cognitive Development in Children interacting with others. -​ creativity, problem-solving and decision-making 2.​ SP - Snowplow Parents skills, -​ "clearing the path" for their children, proactively 2.​ PP - Parallel Play: removing obstacles or challenges that might cause -​ Side-by side play with minimal interplay Changes of the Family Structure any difficulty. -​ Playing next to others, but not interacting much. -​ The traditional family structure with two parents is -​ Snowplow parents often try to eliminate all potential -​ two children playing with separate toys side by no longer typical. struggles, making life as smooth as possible for side, like one playing with a doll and the other with -​ 35% of children (24.7 million) live in single-parent their children. toy cars, but not talking or interacting. households. Example: A parent might intervene to ensure their child is -​ 16.2 million children are raised by single mothers always placed in the best opportunities or ensure any 3.​ AP - Associative Play -​ 2.7 million by single fathers. problem is solved before the child even faces it. -​ Shared activities focusing on individual efforts -​ 5.6 million children live with an adult who is not -​ Playing together, but each doing their own thing. their parent, such as a grandparent, aunt, or Key Difference: nonrelative. -​ Helicopter parents hover and intervene,  -​ Snowplow parents clear away obstacles before -​ When individuals marry and start families, their children can encounter them. Negative leisure pursuits in teens include: their leisure activities typically center -​ Both can limit a child's ability to become -​ drug use, drinking around the home and neighborhood, independent and develop problem-solving skills. -​ Gambling - 60-80% of teens have gambled at least engaging in community events or programs once in the past year. Online Gambling nowadays offered by religious organizations or civic Influence of Commercial Media: Violence and Sex -​ risky sexuality, sexting groups. -​ Smoking, e-cigarette ​ Single Parents: -​ The amount of time children spend watching -​ facing the greatest deprivation of leisure television is the highest of any activity. Positive recreation programs are crucial for preventing opportunities -​ As a result, there have been ongoing discussions delinquency, as teens often turn to crime due to boredom. -​ Struggle with balancing work, childcare, about the impact of media portrayals of violence Thrill-seeking behaviors can lead to violence, accidents, or and limited leisure. and sex on children. self-destructive actions. Middle Adults (Ages 40-65 - GEN X and BABY -​ Media Exposure: 75% of kids have TVs in their Adolescence is a challenging time for teens, marked by BOOMERS) rooms, exposed to 14,000 sexual messages yearly. self-identity struggles, moodiness, and increased -​ largest segment of the population By 18, they'll see 16,000 murders and 200,000 dependence on peers. Teens seek privacy, question -​ Diverse Lifestyles: Interests vary between family, violent acts, which can increase aggression. authority, and face concerns about appearance and outdoor activities, arts, and intellectual hobbies. popularity. This period is difficult for both teens and their ​ Parents with Grown Kids -​ Lack of Outdoor Play: Kids spend more time parents. -​ leisure patterns begin to shift as their indoors, missing nature’s benefits like reducing children become more independent or stress and improving learning, especially for those establish their own families. with ADHD. RECREATION IN THE LIVES OF ADULTS -​ NON-WORKING PARENTS: More Free -​ 1/9 of what it was in 20yrs ago children roam to -​ The adult population, typically defined as those in time increases; focus on personal play their late teens and older, can be subdivided into fulfillment or new hobbies. various age groups, lifestyle patterns, or ​ Baby Boomers: Richard Louv generations. -​ Leisure service providers are beginning to -​ in his book, discusses how modern children miss recognize the impact of Baby Boomers out on outdoor experiences that previous Young Adults (Late teens to late 30s - GEN Y AND older -​ Approaching retirement with better health generations had. gens) and finances. As they Seek travel, physical -​ highlights the positive effects nature has on ​ Rising Singlehood / ME GENERATION: activity, and meaningful children’s emotional health. Increasingly delaying or avoiding marriage, with a experiences.Remain active and -​ being in nature can enhance a child's intellectual $40 billion spending power; growth of adventurous into retirement. development by stimulating their senses and singles-focused housing, bars, and services. integrating informal play with formal learning. ​ College Students are influenced by their Baby Boomers: Key Characteristics and Preferences academic status when choosing leisure activities. -​ Health & Activity: Active and health-conscious, RECREATION IN THE LIVES OF ADOLESCENTS -​ Students at home: Limited free time, local they prioritize fitness and recreation. recreation with friends. -​ Travel & Technology: Enthusiastic about travel Teen Employment -​ Campus students: Engage in social clubs, and embracing tech for leisure. -​ has stayed steady since 2010, mostly in food athletics, and events; freshmen face stress -​ Value of Time: Focused on maximizing later years service, retail, and recreation. Some teens don't and lower mental health. with enriching experiences. work due to academic focus or lack of jobs. Parks ​ Post-School Activities -​ Word-of-Mouth Influence: Trust peer reviews over and rec need programs for this group. -​ Financially independent young adults enjoy traditional ads. travel, fitness, hobbies, and social events. -​ Youthful Outlook: Feel younger and seek ​ The majority of young adults today still choose vitality-driven activities. marriage and family life.  -​ Self-Care & Luxury: Significant buyers of luxury Traditional Continuing Education: goods and self-care products. Multigenerational Homes: -​ Casual workshops, noncredit courses (e.g., Road -​ Multiple generations lived under one roof, fostering Scholar), and lifelong learning opportunities keep close family bonds. older adults engaged. BABY BOOMERS: -​ Older adults received affection, support, and care -​ Many use technology to explore travel, leisure, and ​ Largest Population Segment from children and grandchildren. personal interests. ​ Financially Secure: They have disposable income -​ Active involvement in family life was common. Creative and Personal Growth: to spend on leisure and activities. -​ Extended life expectancy allows time for "late ​ Tech-Savvy: Open to using technology for Modern bloomers" to pursue dreams and creative recreation and travel planning. Independent Living: endeavors (e.g., arts, writing). ​ Eager to Explore: Strong interest in travel, new -​ Many older adults live independently for extended -​ New opportunities arise for personal growth and experiences, and active lifestyles. periods. exploration in later years. ​ Retiring Rapidly: Increasing retirement rates -​ Preference to avoid nursing homes but may require House Swapping: highlight a growing demand for targeted programs. some assistance. -​ a practice where people exchange homes with ​ Parks & Recreation Focus: Local agencies see others in different locations, often abroad, for a set the need to expand services for this demographic. Senior Living Communities: period. ​ Program Development Role: As director of adult -​ Rise of retirement communities and assisted-living activities, your task is to create appealing programs facilities offering various care levels. for the 65+ age group. -​ Facilities provide daily assistance, healthcare, Gender Factors Influencing Leisure social activities, and recreation. SEX VS GENDER Recreation in the Lives of Older Adults ( Older adults -​ Graduated care allows residents to transition as ​ Sex: Biological classification based on physical (mid-60s+) include baby boomers and the silent their needs change while staying in the same traits (e.g., male, female). generation) community. ​ Gender: Societal roles, behaviors, and Active Older Adults: characteristics associated with masculinity and ​ Focus shifts to recreation and leisure after Positive Changes in Aging femininity. retirement. Improved Longevity and Health: ​ Key Difference: "Sex" is biological; "gender" is ​ New interests and relationships are vital, especially -​ Many older adults are living longer, healthier, and socially constructed. for those coping with the loss of partners or friends. happier lives due to advancements in healthcare. Historical Gender Roles Baby Boomer Traits ("Boomer Bits"): -​ Conditions like heart disease, cancer, and ​ Traditional societal norms assigned distinct roles to ​ Healthier, active, and trendier than previous Alzheimer’s affect fewer very old adults. males and females beyond reproductive functions. generations. -​ Centenarians (85% are women) are becoming ​ These roles shaped family structures, education, ​ Strong interest in travel, technology, and engaging increasingly common. career opportunities, and political participation. activities. Socialization of Gender in Childhood: ​ Value time, seek enriching experiences, and rely Specific Contributions of Recreation and Leisure ​ Gender roles reinforced through toys and activities: on word-of-mouth recommendations. Physical Benefits: ○​ Boys: Guns, cowboy outfits (roles like ​ See themselves as younger and maintain a -​ Regular physical activity prevents or mitigates doctors, firefighters). youthful lifestyle. health issues ○​ Girls: Dolls, kitchen sets (roles like ​ Largest consumers of luxury goods, including cars, -​ Helps with weight management, boosts immunity, caregivers, nurses, homemakers). jewelry, and gourmet foods. reduces depression, improves sleep, and Challenging Gender Norms: enhances memory. ​ Post-World War II feminist movement questioned Changes in Family Structure Social Benefits: and began dismantling rigid gender stereotypes. -​ Recreation combats isolation and restores a sense Traditional vs. Modern Living Arrangements for Older of purpose. Adults -​ Community service and volunteerism provide structure, recognition, and social connections.  -​Title IX: Prohibits sex-based discrimination in 3 Constraints to Leisure (inter, intra, structural) education programs or activities receiving federal ​ Interpersonal ((social bonds) arise when an funding. individual’s relationships with others affect their -​ Scope: Applies to athletics, career programs, leisure activities. admissions, employment, testing, and treatment of ​ Intrapersonal (personal preferences) relate to an Women and Leisure pregnant or parenting teens. individual's personal preferences or interests In the early 20th century -​ Impact: Expanded opportunities for female athletes ​ Structural (lack of time or resources) are -​ the roles assigned to women in leisure and sports in high school and college. external factors that make it difficult for someone to were weaker, less capable, and lacked the drive -​ Criticism: Some claim it reduces opportunities for engage in a leisure activity and competitiveness of men. male athletes, but data does not support this view. -​ Victorian ideas about femininity also restricted Augusta National Finally Adds Female Members in Implications for Men’s Leisure women’s participation in physical activities, 2013 -​ Augusta National Golf Club: Admitted its first Evolving views on masculinity are allowing men to explore Impact of the Feminist Movement female members, Condoleezza Rice and Darla activities once deemed "unmasculine," such as domestic -​ 1920: gained political traction with the suffrage Moore, in 2012. responsibilities and creative hobbies. This shift also movement, which secured women’s right to vote -​ Women’s Leisure: Reflects complexity as women influences how men interact with women, with increased with the Nineteenth Amendment balance multiple roles, influencing their leisure awareness among parents about how their sons treat girls. -​ 1950s: women entered the workforce in larger choices. numbers and began demanding equal pay and -​ Significance: Augusta National, known for its Gender barriers in youth organizations are breaking down, access to jobs previously dominated by men. exclusivity and hosting the Masters Tournament, with groups like the Boys and Girls Clubs of America now breaking gender barriers. allowing both sexes, and the YMCA featuring women in Implications for Women's Leisure leadership roles and a diverse membership. The feminist movement encouraged women to embrace Men and Leisure their freedom to choose activities and engage in leisure -​ Traditionally, men have been portrayed as the Sexual Orientation Factors Influencing Leisure without the constraints of gender-based stereotypes. dominant sex in most spheres of life -​ Sexual orientation also plays a significant role in Research over the past 20 years has highlighted several -​ often seen as gatekeepers of access to leisure leisure activities. key trends regarding women’s leisure: activities and professional advancement for -​ Throughout history, the LGBT community has ​ Women’s participation in physical activities has women. faced considerable challenges in gaining increased Shifting Masculine Identities acceptance, and this has impacted their access to ​ Leisure for women has evolved from being -​ The media often portrays men as assertive, in leisure activities. primarily focused on family and household duties to control, physically attractive, and heroic figures. include time for personal recreational activities. -​ Male-focused magazines frequently feature 1930s-1940s: Backlash against gay entertainment led to ​ The gap between men’s and women’s leisure muscular, well-dressed, and successful men but laws banning depictions of homosexuality in media, activities has narrowed. not all men conform to these stereotypes. closures of gay bars, and the firing of homosexual ​ Social interaction drives women's leisure, offering The Role of Fatherhood government employees in the 1950s. valued social connections and physical benefits Fatherhood has undergone significant changes in recent despite time constraints, enhancing overall years. More fathers are taking on child-rearing and 1960s-1970s: The Stonewall Riot sparked the gay rights well-being. household duties due to changing gender roles, with movement and began shifting public attitudes toward LGBT stay-at-home dads becoming more common. rights. Title IX (1972) For men, leisure activities often serve as a way to build Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 states that social connections. Fathers, too, participate in leisure 2015: U.S. Supreme Court legalized same-sex marriage, “No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, activities with their children. Men often use leisure for social marking a pivotal moment in LGBT rights. be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, bonding (e.g., poker, fishing) and participate in activities or be subjected to discrimination under any education with children to strengthen family connections. program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance.” Present day: More people openly identify as LGBT, but ➔​ Distinction: While often used interchangeably, ​ Affordable: Cost-effective for everyone, regardless many still face fear of rejection, discrimination, and job loss race and ethnicity have different meanings. of income. due to their sexual orientation. ➔​ Societal Perception: Race and ethnicity influence ​ Safe: Ensuring a secure environment for all users. social identity and are often linked to stereotypes. ​ Culturally Relevant: Programs and activities Ongoing issue: LGBT teens experience higher suicide ➔​ Recreation and Leisure: Historically, facility should reflect and respect different cultural rates due to isolation, rejection, and limited recreational development and program planning assumed a backgrounds. opportunities. predominantly white, middle-class public, with ​ Welcoming: An inclusive environment where all Growing family roles: Increasing numbers of LGBT customs rooted in British Isles traditions. individuals feel comfortable and accepted. individuals become parents, which impacts their leisure ➔​ Demographic Shift: Non-European populations needs and activities. are rapidly growing in the U.S. due to immigration and changing birthrates, with African American, Accessible Implications for Leisure Hispanic American, and Asian American children ​ Proximity to Parks: Encourages physical activity Economic impact: The LGBT community contributes now outnumbering European descent children in and better health. significantly to the economy, spending $70.1 billion some cities. ​ Accessibility Factors: Affected by financial annually on travel. ➔​ Hispanic Population: Hispanics are the largest resources, transportation, and park size/amenities. minority group in the U.S. and are projected to ​ Disparities: People of color have less access to LGBT leisure needs: There is a growing need for safe make up 30.2% of the population by 2050. well-equipped parks, especially in minority areas. and inclusive leisure spaces for LGBT individuals. ➔​ Asian American Growth: The Asian American ​ Barriers: Limited transportation, income, and population grew from 3.5 million in 1980 to 14.7 nearby parks hinder access to recreation. Inclusive leisure programs: Leisure providers are million in 2010, with further growth expected. creating services for the LGBT community: ➔​ Religious Changes: Protestant and Catholic Affordable and Safe ​ Gay and lesbian parent playgroups (e.g., Boulder, populations are declining, while non-Christian ​ Financial Limitations: Racial and ethnic minorities Colorado) religions like Islam and Judaism, as well as with lower income levels struggle to afford ​ LGBT-friendly vacation cruises (Olivia Cruise Lines, non-affiliated groups, are increasing. recreation activities, such as national park visits or R Family Vacations) ➔​ Cultural and Leisure Impact: The growing sports events. ​ LGBT-friendly tourism destinations (e.g., Key West, minority populations influence U.S. cultural and ​ Safety Concerns: Low-income neighborhoods Palm Springs) recreational life, requiring more inclusive leisure often have higher crime rates, discouraging ​ Social and recreational activities for LGBT youth services. recreation participation. (e.g., Lavender Youth Recreation and Information ​ Accessibility Issues: High-traffic roads and other Center in San Francisco). Leisure Program Approaches: barriers make access to parks unsafe for residents, ​ "Melting Pot": Integrates different cultures in especially without reliable transportation. shared activities. Race and Ethnicity Factors Influencing Leisure ​ "Mosaic": Tailors programs to specific cultural Culturally Relevant and Welcoming -​ Numerous past studies have shown that a person’s groups' needs and values. Several cultural factors can hinder the use of recreation racial or ethnic identity significantly impacts their facilities and programs. involvement in recreational activities. ​ Cultural Barriers: Some individuals may not feel Implications for Recreation and Leisure welcomed due to activities being designed primarily Meaning of Race and Ethnicity for white participants or conflicting with their values. ➔​ Race: Refers to genetic makeup, resulting in Evolution of Services: The approach to providing services ​ Religious Considerations: Agencies may biological traits like eye shape, hair texture, and for diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds has improved but overlook non-Christian holidays or fail to skin color. still has room for progress. accommodate modesty requirements, alienating ➔​ Ethnicity: Involves social and cultural heritage certain groups, such as Muslims. passed down through generations, including Key Criteria for Recreation Services: ​ Inclusive Planning: Involving different cultural language, family life, religion, and customs. ​ Accessible: Easy to reach and use for all groups. groups in the planning process helps ensure their  needs are met, making them feel heard and to diverse communities, ensuring no group is welcome. Socioeconomic Factors Influencing Leisure excluded. ​ Example: Skokie, Illinois, demonstrates this approach with the Skokie Festival of Cultures, ​ Socioeconomic status (SES) classifies people Progress in the New Millennium where 24 racial and ethnic groups contribute to based on income, education, occupation, and ​ Progress in overcoming barriers: Significant event planning. wealth, typically divided into five categories: poor, advances have been made in addressing leisure working class, lower middle class, upper middle barriers related to age, gender, sexual orientation, class, and upper class. race, and socioeconomic status. ​ Aging baby boomers: Increased demand for ​ SES significantly impacts leisure activities, with health, wellness, and physical activities has led to income and education determining free time and more program offerings for older adults. discretionary spending. ​ Gender and sexual orientation: Women and Recommendations for Agencies ​ Lower social classes are historically LGBT individuals now have greater access to To better serve diverse communities, agencies should: underrepresented in leisure activities, especially in recreational opportunities, and traditional gender ​ Use diverse imagery and content in marketing health and fitness programs. roles in activities are being discarded. materials. ​ Racial equity: African Americans have made ​ Collaborate with local agencies for transportation ​ Higher social classes tend to engage in more progress in gaining access to recreation, and options. prestigious leisure activities, often preferring Hispanic Americans, particularly in states like ​ Conduct access assessments focusing on safety commercial services for perceived higher quality Florida, Texas, and California, have seen economic and park access. and status, although public and nonprofit services and political success. ​ Provide ongoing diversity training for staff. can offer equal or superior options. ​ Leisure affordability: The ability to pay for leisure ​ Create social activities to foster community services is a persistent issue. "Pay-to-play" models relationships, especially for newcomers. ​ Lower-income groups primarily use public and remain common, but many agencies offer ​ Hire a diverse staff to make people feel welcome. nonprofit services, which cater to a wider range of scholarships or free programs to ensure access for ​ Plan programs that promote intergroup income levels. lower-income individuals. understanding through events like festivals and ​ Ongoing efforts: While equal access to leisure is sports competitions, addressing long-standing Implications for Recreation and Leisure a work in progress, efforts continue to expand racial and ethnic tensions. ​ Leisure activities vary by social class, with opportunities for all. upper-class activities including yachting or ​ Muslim Recreation Participation attending symphonies, while middle-class activities Muslim recreation participation is influenced by religious might include trips to Disney World or golf at public practices and cultural norms. Factors for lower participation courses. include: ​ Travel is common across all classes, but the type ​ Family disapproval and concerns about of travel differs: lower classes often take budget mixed-gender interactions. trips, middle classes vacation at tourist ​ Lack of suitable facilities or attire that aligns with destinations, and the upper class enjoys luxury modesty standards. experiences. ​ Agency dress codes conflicting with religious ​ Historical context: Upper-class leisure has often beliefs. been supported by the labor of lower-income ​ Limited experience with certain activities and groups, women, and slaves, a dynamic that still familial obligations. affects modern industries like tourism While Muslim Americans engage in similar leisure activities ​ Leisure professionals must recognize how factors as others, their preferences, locations, and social circles such as age, gender, race, and SES impact often differ. preferences and design inclusive services to cater  ​ Rising Singlehood / ME GENERATION -​ 1920: Sociocultural Factors Affecting Leisure ​ College Students are influenced by their s. -​ 1950s: Jen Welter reflects on what it means to be the first female ​ Students at home:Campus students: Implications for Women's Leisure coach (Arizona Cardinals) in the history of the NFL ​ Post-School Activities Title IX (1972). ​ Financially independent young adults enjoy Augusta National Finally Adds Female Members in 2013 Age Factors Influencing Leisure ​ The majority of young adults today still choose ​ Children marriage and family life. Men and Leisure ​ Adults ​ When individuals marry and start families, their Shifting Masculine Identities ​ Older adults leisure activities typically center The Role of Fatherhood Recreation in the Lives of Children (infancy to preteen) ​ Single Parents: 3 Constraints to Leisure (inter, intra, structural) Childhood Implications for Men’s Leisure 4 CATEGORY STAGES OF PLAY (SP, PP, AP, CP) Middle Adults (Ages 40-65 - GEN X and BABY BOOMERS) Between ages 6-7 -​ largest segment of the population Sexual Orientation Factors Influencing Leisure Around ages 8-12 - "gang age," Baby Boomers: 1930s-1940s: PLAY CONTRIBUTIONS TO DIFFERENT Baby Boomers: Key Characteristics and Preferences 1960s-1970s: DEVELOPMENTS (PD, SS, CD) 2015: Recreation in the Lives of Older Adults ( Older adults Present day: Changes of the Family Structure (mid-60s+) include baby boomers and the silent Ongoing issue: -​ 35% of children (24.7 million) generation) Growing family roles: -​ 16.2 million children Active Older Adults: Implications for Leisure -​ 2.7 million 5.6 million children In 2012, 29% of all Inclusive leisure programs: mothers Changes in Family Structure OVERSCHEDULED CHILDREN Traditional vs. Modern Living Arrangements for Older Race and Ethnicity Factors Influencing Leisure OVERPARENTING Adults COINED TERMS (HP, SP) Traditional -Multigenerational Homes: Meaning of Race and Ethnicity Modern - Independent Living: ➔​ Race: HP - Helicopter Parenting Positive Changes in Aging ➔​ Ethnicity: SP - Snowplow Parents Improved Longevity and Health: ➔​ Recreation and Leisure ➔​ Demographic Shift: Influence of Commercial Media: Violence and Sex Specific Contributions of Recreation and Leisure ➔​ Hispanic Population: -​ Media Exposure: 75% of kids have Physical Benefits: ➔​ Asian American Growth: -​ Lack of Outdoor Play Social Benefits: ➔​ Religious Changes: Continuing Education: ➔​ Cultural and Leisure Impact: Richard Louv Creative and Personal Growth: ➔​ Leisure Program Approaches: House Swapping: ​ "Melting Pot": RECREATION IN THE LIVES OF ADOLESCENTS ​ "Mosaic": Teen Employment Gender Factors Influencing Leisure Negative leisure pursuits in teens include: SEX VS GENDER Implications for Recreation and Leisure Historical Gender Roles Evolution of Services: RECREATION IN THE LIVES OF ADULTS Socialization of Gender in Childhood: 5 Key Criteria for Recreation Services:(AASCW) -​ ps, lifestyle patterns, or generations. Women and Leisure Recommendations for Agencies In the early 20th century Muslim Recreation Participation Young Adults (Late teens to late 30s - GEN Y AND older -​ Victorian ideas about femininity gens) Impact of the Feminist Movement Socioeconomic Factors Influencing Leisure  ​ Socioeconomic status (SES) ​ Implications for Recreation and Leisure Progress in the New Millennium