Reading and Thinking Strategies Across Text Types PDF

# Reading and Thinking Strategies Across Text Types ## 1. Reading as a Skill - Source: Lapp & Flood (1978) - Types of Reading: - **A. Decoding Process:** - Involves breaking down written codes (e.g., phonetics, syllables) to recognize words. - Example: Learning to sound out un...

# Reading and Thinking Strategies Across Text Types ## 1. Reading as a Skill - Source: Lapp & Flood (1978) - Types of Reading: - **A. Decoding Process:** - Involves breaking down written codes (e.g., phonetics, syllables) to recognize words. - Example: Learning to sound out unfamiliar words like "metamorphosis." - **B. Comprehension Process:** - Focused on understanding the meaning of text. - Example: Recognizing that "metamorphosis" refers to transformation in animals, like a caterpillar turning into a butterfly. ## 2. Text as Connected Discourse - Source: Vaughn & Linan-Thompson (2004) - Key Concepts: - Reading comprehension involves constructing meaning from text by connecting ideas logically. - Reading is a conversation between the reader and the text, influenced by: - Author's Intentions - Reader's Perspective - Textual Structure ## The Reading Process (Pinnell, 2000) ### A. Pre-Reading - Purpose: Establish understanding before engaging deeply with the text. - Strategies: - Preview titles, headings, and sections to get an overview. - Predict the content based on prior knowledge and experiences. - Example: Looking at a chapter titled "The Impact of Global Warming" and predicting topics like rising sea levels and temperature changes. ### B. During Reading - Purpose: Grasp the meaning by connecting ideas. - Strategies: - Use contextual clues to understand unfamiliar words. - Connect new information to old knowledge ("schema"). - Example: If encountering the term "greenhouse gases," connect it to previously learned concepts about CO2 and climate change. ### C. Post-Reading - Purpose: Reflect on what was learned and evaluate its importance. - Strategies: - Summarize key points in your own words. - Ask questions about how new information fits with prior understanding. - Example: After reading about renewable energy, reflect on how it contrasts with fossil fuel reliance. ## Reading Strategies - **Predicting:** - Guess content using prior knowledge. - Example: Predicting that a mystery novel involves solving a crime. - **Skimming:** - Focus on headings, bolded words, and main ideas for a quick overview. - Example: Quickly glancing through a research paper's abstract to decide if it's relevant. - **Scanning:** - Search for specific details or keywords. - Example: Looking for the date of an event in a history textbook. - **Using Prior Knowledge:** - Relate personal experiences or previously learned facts to the text. - Example: Linking a story about teamwork to a personal experience in a group project. ## Techniques in Reading - **Skimming:** Identify the general idea of a text to determine its focus. - Example: Reading only the opening and closing paragraphs of an essay. - **Scanning:** Locate specific information like dates, names, or statistics. - Example: Searching a news article for the number of attendees at a protest. - **Paraphrasing:** Restate ideas in your own words to solidify understanding. - Example: Changing "The ecosystem is fragile" to "Nature can be easily disturbed." - **Inferencing:** - Draw conclusions based on evidence in the text. - Example: From "He wore a tattered coat," infer the character might be poor. - **Comprehensive Reading:** Analyze text deeply to understand its arguments. - Example: Breaking down a political speech to identify the speaker's stance and evidence. ## Levels of Comprehension - **Literal Understanding:** - Recognizing facts stated in the text. - Example: "The Eiffel Tower is in Paris." - **Inferential Understanding:** - Reading between the lines to deduce meaning. - Example: "She shivered despite the sunny day" implies she felt cold due to fear or emotion. - **Applied Understanding:** - Extending ideas from the text to new situations. - Example: Applying knowledge from a science article about renewable energy to advocate for solar panel installation.