Radioactive and Radiation in Medicine PDF

Hewler Medical Univercity Radioactive and Radiation in medicine Prepared by: Salwa Wrya Dlnya hiwa Lana jihad Dedicated to Dr.Farhad hamad  Objective 1-Introduction to Radioactive Materials 2-Radioactivity and Radiation Basics 3-Medical Us...

Hewler Medical Univercity Radioactive and Radiation in medicine Prepared by: Salwa Wrya Dlnya hiwa Lana jihad Dedicated to Dr.Farhad hamad  Objective 1-Introduction to Radioactive Materials 2-Radioactivity and Radiation Basics 3-Medical Uses of Radioactive Materials 4-Diagnostic Imaging with Radioactive Tracers 5-Therapeutic Applications of Radiation 6-Radiation Safety and Regulations  1-Introduction to Radioactive Materials Atomic Structure: Radioactive decay: also known Radioactive materials are as nuclear decay, is the process by which an unstable atomic atoms with unstable nuclei nucleus loses energy by that undergo spontaneous emitting radiation. This process transformation, emitting transforms the atom into a various forms of radiation. different element or isotope. Types of Radiation The main types of radiation are alpha, beta, gamma, each with unique properties and applications in medicine.  2-Radioactivity and Radiation Basics What's the radioactivity and radiation ? -Radioactivity is the -Radiation is energy that travels process by which an through space aor a medium in the form unstable atomic of waves or particles. nucleus loses energy And It can be categorized into two main types: by emitting radiation. 1. Ionizing Radiation This process 2. Non-Ionizing Radiation transforms the atom into a different element or isotope.  3-Medical Uses of Radioactive Materials Here are 3 medical uses of radioactive materials: Diagnostic Imaging: Radioactive tracers are injected into the body and then tracked using special cameras. These tracers accumulate in specific organs or tissues, allowing doctors to visualize and assess their function. Cancer Treatment (Radiotherapy): High-energy radiation, often generated by radioactive isotopes, is used to kill cancer cells or slow their growth. This can be done externally (beam radiation) or internally (brachytherapy), where radioactive sources are placed directly within or near the tumor. Sterilization of Medical Equipment: Radioactive isotopes like Cobalt-60 are used to sterilize medical equipment and supplies, ensuring they are free from harmful microorganisms..  4-Diagnostic Imaging with Radioactive Tracers Diagnostic imaging with radioactive tracers, also known as nuclear medicine imaging, is a non-invasive technique that uses small amounts of radioactive material to visualize internal organs and tissues. These tracers are injected into the bloodstream or administered orally, and they emit radiation that can be detected by special cameras. How it works: 1. Tracer Administration: The patient is administered a radioactive tracer, which is a substance that has been chemically modified to contain a radioactive isotope. The tracer is designed to target specific organs or tissues in the body. 2. Tracer Uptake: The tracer travels through the bloodstream and is absorbed by the target organ or tissue. The amount of tracer taken up by the tissue depends on its metabolic activity and function. 3. Radiation Detection: The radioactive tracer emits radiation, which is detected by a special camera called a gamma camera. The gamma camera records the distribution of the tracer in the body, creating a detailed image. 4. Image Analysis: The images produced by the gamma camera are analyzed by a radiologist, who can identify abnormalities in the organ or tissue being studied.  5-Therapeutic Applications of Radiation Here are 5 therapeutic applications of radiation: 1-Cancer Treatment (Radiation Therapy) 2-Thyroid Disease Treatment 3-Pain Management 4-Treatment of Benign Conditions 5-Medical Sterilization  6-Radiation Safety and Regulations -Radiation safety: is crucial in various fields like medicine, industry, and research due to the potential health risks associated with exposure to ionizing radiation -Radiation Regulations: Radiation safety is regulated by various agencies and organizations to ensure safe handling and use of radiation sources.  Sources of Radiation in Medicine X-ray Machines: Used for diagnostic imaging like radiography and computed tomography (CT) scans. Radioisotopes: Radioactive materials used in nuclear medicine for diagnosis (e.g., PET scans) and treatment (e.g., radiotherapy). Particle Therapy: Uses high-energy particles like protons to target tumors with precision. Principles of Radiation Safety Time: Minimize the time spent near radiation sources. Distance: Maximize the distance from the radiation source, as the intensity decreases with distance. Shielding: Use appropriate shielding materials (lead, concrete) to block or reduce radiation exposure. Thanks for Lestining