Introduction to Radiologic Sciences and Health Care PDF SY 2024-2025

INTRODUCTION TO RADIOLOGIC SCIENCES AND HEALTH CARE PRELIMS | IT-RSC101 | 1ST SEMESTER | LUI MAGSINO-ALINDAYU SY. 2024-2025 LESSON 2: HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE: EVOLUTION OF HEALTHCARE DELIVERY OUTLINE...

INTRODUCTION TO RADIOLOGIC SCIENCES AND HEALTH CARE PRELIMS | IT-RSC101 | 1ST SEMESTER | LUI MAGSINO-ALINDAYU SY. 2024-2025 LESSON 2: HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE: EVOLUTION OF HEALTHCARE DELIVERY OUTLINE observe human body I. Health Care Through Time Recorded signs II. History of Health Care and symptoms A. Significant People and their Created a high discoveries standard of B. Major Health Discoveries and ethics: “The Innovations Hippocratic Oath” used by physicians Health Care through Time today. DATE / YEAR DISCOVERINGS Aristotle - dissected animals; founder of 4000 BC-3000 BC Illness and disease what is known today as Primitive Times caused by spirits and anatomy demons Average life span: 25-35 Average life span: 20 years years 753 BC - AD 410 First to provide medical 3000 BC - 300 BC Believed body was Ancient Romans care for injured soldiers Ancient Egyptians system of channels (ducts) Physicians cared for ill people in their homes Bloodletting was used when channels were Hospitals established in “blocked” religious institutions Average life span: 20-30 Began public health and years sanitation systems Aqueducts to 1700 BC - AD 220 Used acupuncture to carry clean Ancient Chinese relieve pain and water to cities congestion. Sewers to carry waste away from Average life span: 20-30 cities years Cladius Galen: physician, states that 1200 BC - 200 BC Hippocrates - Father of the body is controlled by Ancient Greeks Medicine a balance of fluids Developed an (blood, phlegm, bile) organized method to by: Venice Almeida (BSRT 1 - 4) Disclaimer: Intended only for personal use. These are not 1 approved by any faculty member of DLSMHSI. These are only based on the presentations provided. INTRODUCTION TO RADIOLOGIC SCIENCES AND HEALTH CARE PRELIMS | IT-RSC101 | 1ST SEMESTER | LUI MAGSINO-ALINDAYU SY. 2024-2025 “The Fabric of Human Imbalance to Anatomy” these fluids can Author: Andreas Vesalius lead to illness ○ Average life span: 30-40 years Trephining: early form of therapy by drilling Average life span: 25-35 a hole in the skull as a cure for headache years ○ Trocar: instrument used (drill) AD 400 - AD 800 Dark Prayer & divine 16th and 17th centuries Ages intervention used to ○ Cause of diseases still not known treat illness and ○ Ambrose Pare: Father of modern disease. surgery ○ William Harvey: described Study of medicine was circulation to and from the heart prohibited ○ Anton van Leeuwenhoek: invented the microscope Average life span: 20-30 ○ Average life span: 35-45 years years 18th century ○ Gabriel Fahrenheit: invented first AD 800 - AD 1400 Medical universities mercury thermometer Middle Ages were created ○ Edward Jenner: developed vaccination for smallpox Pandemic killed ¾ of ○ Average lifespan: 40-50 years the population of 19th century Europe and Asia ○ French barbers: acted as surgeons Black death by extracting teeth using leeches for treatment and giving enemas Arab physicians were ○ William Harvey (1818): 1st blood required to pass exam transfusion. before getting license to ○ Rene Laennec (1819): invented the practice stethoscope ○ Elizabeth Blackwell (1849): first Average life span: 20-35 female physician in the U.S. years ○ Florence Nightingale: Founder of modern nursing and began education for nurses (1850s & History of Health Care 1860s). ○ Joseph Lister (1865): began use of Health care through Time disinfectants and antiseptics in AD 1350 - AD 1650 Renaissance surgery to avoid / prevent infection. ○ Body dissection was performed ○ Louis Pasteur: “pasteurized” milk to ○ Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci kill bacteria drew human body Created rabies vaccine ○ Printing press allowed for distribution (1885) of information ○ Dimitri Ivanofski: discovered ○ First anatomy book published viruses (1982) De humani corporis fabrica ○ Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen: discovered x-rays (1895). by: Venice Almeida (BSRT 1 - 4) Disclaimer: Intended only for personal use. These are not 2 approved by any faculty member of DLSMHSI. These are only based on the presentations provided. INTRODUCTION TO RADIOLOGIC SCIENCES AND HEALTH CARE PRELIMS | IT-RSC101 | 1ST SEMESTER | LUI MAGSINO-ALINDAYU SY. 2024-2025 ○ Average life span: 40-60 years. ○ Dr. Ian Wilmut: cloned Dolly the 20th century sheep (1997) ○ Most rapid growth in modern ○ Average life span: 60-70 years healthcare occurred during this 21st Century period. ○ COVID-19: caused by the ○ Many diseases were specifically SARS-CoV-2 virus which emerged in identified, treated and cured. late 2019 leading to a global ○ Standards of care were established pandemic. ○ Technology is integrated into ○ Ebola Virus Disease: particularly in healthcare and is used in every West Africa which highlighted the aspect of medical care today. need for better preparedness and ○ Carl Landsteiner: classified ABO response strategies. blood groups (1901) ○ Zika Virus: outbreak in 2010, ○ Sigmund Freud: formed the basis particularly in Brazil linked to serious for psychology and psychiatry (early birth defects such as microcephaly. 1900s) ○ Antibiotic Resistant Infections: ○ Frederick Banting & Charles Best: increasing resistance of bacteria to discovered and used insulin to treat antibiotics led to the emergence of diabetes (1922) “superbugs” that are difficult to treat. ○ Alexander Fleming: discovered the Major Health Discoveries and Innovations antibiotic penicillin (1928) Precision Medicine ○ George Papanicolaou: developed ○ Tailoring medical treatment to the pap smear to detect cervical cancer individual characteristics of each in females. patient including genetic, ○ Jonas Salk: developed the polio environmental and lifestyle factors. vaccine using dead polio virus CRISPR-Cas9 Gene Editing (1952). ○ Revolutionary tool for editing genes ○ Francis Crick & James Watson: with high precision, offering potential discovered the structure of DNA, our treatments for genetic disorders and genetic-blueprint (1953) advancing research in genetics. ○ Godfrey Hounsfield: developed Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine CAT Scan (1975) Learning Improved form of diagnostic ○ Used in healthcare for diagnostics, imaging treatment planning, and patient ○ Louise Brown: first test-tube baby management. conceived in a laboratory (1978) Immunotherapy ○ Acquired Immune Deficiency ○ Major treatment modality for cancer, Syndrome (AIDS) leveraging the body’s immune First identified as a disease system to target and destroy cancer (worldwide) – 1981 cells First identified in the Wearable Health Technology Philippines – 1991 ○ Smartwatches and fitness trackers HIV (1984) have become integral in monitoring ○ Ben Carson: first to separate health metrics and conditions. conjoined twins and pioneered many Gut Microbiome Research new procedures (1987). by: Venice Almeida (BSRT 1 - 4) Disclaimer: Intended only for personal use. These are not 3 approved by any faculty member of DLSMHSI. These are only based on the presentations provided. INTRODUCTION TO RADIOLOGIC SCIENCES AND HEALTH CARE PRELIMS | IT-RSC101 | 1ST SEMESTER | LUI MAGSINO-ALINDAYU SY. 2024-2025 ○ Revealed the critical role in overall health, including digestion, immunity and mental health. Telemedicine ○ Expanded rapidly during COVID-19 Pandemic, providing remote consultations and monitoring. ———————————————————————— END OF LESSON. by: Venice Almeida (BSRT 1 - 4) Disclaimer: Intended only for personal use. These are not 4 approved by any faculty member of DLSMHSI. These are only based on the presentations provided.