BIO 168 Week 2 Pt. 1 (Exam 1) Quizlet PDF

1/28/25, 9:06 PM BIO 168 Week 2 Pt. 1 (Exam 1) | Quizlet Name: Score: 20 Multiple choice questions Definition...

1/28/25, 9:06 PM BIO 168 Week 2 Pt. 1 (Exam 1) | Quizlet Name: Score: 20 Multiple choice questions Definition 1 of 20 5 million/ml = cc RBCs are dedicated to respiratory gas (CO2/O2) transport Hemoglobin (Hb) binds reversibly with oxygen - Each Hb molecule can transport 4 O2 - Each RBC contains 250 million Hb molecules Hemoglobin consists of heme pigment bound to the protein globin Erythropoietin Erythrocytes Erythrocyte Disorder Reticulocytes Definition 2 of 20 Divides many times, transforming into basophilic erythroblasts Erythrocytes Proerythroblast Erythropoietin Reticulocytes https://quizlet.com/test/bio-168-week-2-pt-1-exam-1-566395012 1/9 1/28/25, 9:06 PM BIO 168 Week 2 Pt. 1 (Exam 1) | Quizlet Definition 3 of 20 Blood plasma is straw-colored sticky fluid - About 90% water Over 100 dissolved solutes - Nutrients, gases, hormones, waste (BUN, Creatinine), proteins (Fibrinogen), inorganic ion (Na+, K+, Cl-) - Plasma proteins are most abundant solutes Albumin: makes up 60% of plasma proteins Functions as a carrier of other molecules, as blood buffer, and contributes to plasma osmotic pressure Erythrocytes Blood Cell Formation Blood Plasma Blood pH level Definition 4 of 20 Between 7.35 and 7.45 Platelet count Albumin Blood pH level Blood regulation https://quizlet.com/test/bio-168-week-2-pt-1-exam-1-566395012 2/9 1/28/25, 9:06 PM BIO 168 Week 2 Pt. 1 (Exam 1) | Quizlet Definition 5 of 20 Contain mostly hemoglobin, so appear just pink; eject most organelles; nucleus degrades, causing concave shape Mature red blood cells Reticulocytes Orthochromatic erythroblasts Erythropoietin (epo) Definition 6 of 20 Deep to sternum in thorax Large in infants and children (most active); shrinks as age Secretes thymosins - Normal development of T lymphocytes (specific T & B cells / white blood cell- WBC) in immune response Red Blood Cell Production Lymph Nodes Thyroid Thymus Definition 7 of 20 Still contain small amount of ribosomes Proerythroblast Reticulocytes Erythrocytes Platelets https://quizlet.com/test/bio-168-week-2-pt-1-exam-1-566395012 3/9 1/28/25, 9:06 PM BIO 168 Week 2 Pt. 1 (Exam 1) | Quizlet Definition 8 of 20 Carries cells and antibodies of immune System Blood loss via coagulation mechanism Carries factors to protect against blood loss (antibodies, WBC); Clotting Carries factors to protect against infections (antibodies, WBC) - Antigen = Infections Blood Cell Formation Blood Regulation Blood Transportation Blood Protection Definition 9 of 20 Buffers keep pH of body fluids between 7.35 and 7.45 Substances maintain osmotic (oncotic) pressure to regulate fluid in tissue (fluid balance) Transports heat generated in muscles to aid in regulation of body temperature Blood Protection Blood Regulation Plasma Composition Blood Functions https://quizlet.com/test/bio-168-week-2-pt-1-exam-1-566395012 4/9 1/28/25, 9:06 PM BIO 168 Week 2 Pt. 1 (Exam 1) | Quizlet Definition 10 of 20 1. Hematopoietic stem cell 2. Myeloid stem cell 3. Proerythroblast 4. Basophilic erythroblasts 5. Polychromatic erythroblasts 6. Orthochromatic erythroblasts 7. Reticulocytes 8. Mature erythrocyte Reticulocyte count indicates rate of RBC formation Stages of Erythropoiesis Red Blood Cell Production Effects of Environmental Pollutants Hemoglobin consists of... Definition 11 of 20 Synthesize large amounts of red-hued hemoglobin; cell now shows both pink and blue areas Blood composition Fibrinolysis Placenta produce Polychromatic erythroblasts https://quizlet.com/test/bio-168-week-2-pt-1-exam-1-566395012 5/9 1/28/25, 9:06 PM BIO 168 Week 2 Pt. 1 (Exam 1) | Quizlet Definition 12 of 20 Blood-Liquid connective tissue - Plasma: Non-living matrix - Formed elements: Living blood "cells" suspended in plasma Blood Composition Blood Plasma Blood Transportation Blood Charateristics Definition 13 of 20 Exposure to pesticides, industrial chemicals, arsenic, dioxin, and soil and water pollutants disrupts hormone function. Sex hormones, thyroid hormone, glucocorticoids are all vulnerable to effects of pollutants. Interference with glucocorticoids may help explain high cancer rates in certain areas. Development Aspects of the Endocrine System Stages of Erythropoiesis Effects of Environmental Pollutants Endocrine Function Throughout Life Stages of Erythropoiesis https://quizlet.com/test/bio-168-week-2-pt-1-exam-1-566395012 6/9 1/28/25, 9:06 PM BIO 168 Week 2 Pt. 1 (Exam 1) | Quizlet Definition 14 of 20 Ovaries undergo significant changes with age and become unresponsive to gonadotropins Problems associated with estrogen deficiency occur Ovaries become more responsive to gonadotropins with age Gonadotropins increase in effectiveness with age Estrogen levels remain stable throughout aging Definition 15 of 20 but lack of estrogen in older women makes them more vulnerable to bone-demineralizing effects of PTH Estrogen levels increase significantly in older women Older women become immune to bone loss effects Pth levels decrease dramatically with age PTH levels remain fairly constant with age https://quizlet.com/test/bio-168-week-2-pt-1-exam-1-566395012 7/9 1/28/25, 9:06 PM BIO 168 Week 2 Pt. 1 (Exam 1) | Quizlet Definition 16 of 20 Life span is 100-120 days → ↓Spectrin RBCs are anucleate, so cannot synthesize new proteins, or grow or divide Old RBCs become fragile, and Hb beings to degenerate Macrophages (WBC) in spleen engulf and breakdown RBCs Bile= breaks down fats Enzyme Concentration Mature Erythrocyte Folic Acid Malabsorption Erythrocyte Destruction Definition 17 of 20 Testoterone- Develop secondary sex characteristics and maintain them through life Placenta produce Testes produce Spermatogonia Ovaries produce https://quizlet.com/test/bio-168-week-2-pt-1-exam-1-566395012 8/9 1/28/25, 9:06 PM BIO 168 Week 2 Pt. 1 (Exam 1) | Quizlet Definition 18 of 20 Estrogen, progesterone, and gonadotropins Testes produce Ovaries produce Placenta produce Polychromatic erythroblasts Definition 19 of 20 Ribosomes degrade, transforming into mature RBC Erythrocytes Mature erythrocyte Reticulocyte Granulocytes Definition 20 of 20 Transforms into proerythroblast Reticulocytes Myeloid stem cell (hemocytoblasts) Enteroendocrine cells Reproductive Endocrine Glands Privacy Terms English (USA) https://quizlet.com/test/bio-168-week-2-pt-1-exam-1-566395012 9/9