Quiz: History of English Language PDF

Name Date U1&2_History of the English Score Language 1. What's the pe iodisation of English? A Old English, Middle English, Mode n English, Present Day English...

Name Date U1&2_History of the English Score Language 1. What's the pe iodisation of English? A Old English, Middle English, Mode n English, Present Day English B P imitive English, Middle English, Contempora y English C P imitive English, Old English, Middle English, Today's English D P imitive Old English, Early Old English, Late Old English, Middle English, Mode n English. 2. Why should we study the histo y of English? A To pass this module. B To understand present-day English and other languages better through etymology (o igins and evolution) of the language. C To be able to create new words. D To improve your grammar and spelling skills. 3. Why do we have different words for animals when it is on a plate or when it is alive? A To differentiate between living and dead states. B Due to religious beliefs. C To maintain language diversity. D Due to language contact and the hierarchical relationship of those. 4. Which of these words has expe ienced a 'semantic change'? A walk B tooth C ang y D villain  5. Which of these words has expe ienced a 'semantic change'? A sleep B sad C foot D nice 6. Which of these words has expe ienced a 'semantic change'? A surp ised B eye C man D eat 7. Which of these words has expe ienced a 'semantic change'? A leg B gay C un D afraid 8. Which of these words has expe ienced a 'semantic change'? A awesome B head C happy D walk 9. In what order did these people live in England? A The Romans, Vikings, No mans B The Romans, the No mans, the Vikings, the Celts C The Celts, the Romans, the Ge manic peoples, the Viking t ibes, the No mans. 10. What marked for centu ies the no the nmost frontier of the Roman Empire in B itain? A Antonine Wall B Had ian's Wall C The Wall D Trajan's Wall 11. Which of these words didn't make its way into English directly from Latin? A wine B street C cheese D hundred 12. G imm's Law is an example of inte nal forces in linguistic change. A T ue B False 13. Which of these place-names has a Celtic o igin? A Nottingham B Derby C Sheffield D Exeter 14. Which group of words is not of Old-Norse o igin? A Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, F iday, Saturday B Sky, skull, skill, scar, ski t, scatter, scabby C They, leg, knife, ugly D Scandal, sculpture, legion, consul 15. The loss of case markings due to contact between the English and the invaders is an example of exte nal forces in linguistic change. A T ue B False 16. The word 'tsunami' is an example of innovations by speakers representing an exte nal force in linguistic change. A T ue B False 17. Words going out of fashion are an example of exte nal forces in linguistic change. A T ue B False 18. What's the sto y of letter C? A The Greeks bo rowed the alphabet from the Phoenicians, although their third letter was 'gamma' /g/. The Romans later adopted the alphabet indirectly from the Et uscans, where the sound /g/ had shifted to a /k/ sound. Apparently, the Et uscans didn't distinguish these sounds. The Greeks often wrote with chisels, whereas the Romans could w ite with ink, where 'gamma' adopted a cu vy shape C. The Anglo-Saxons adopted the Roman alphabet into OE, but C was still /k/. After the fall of the Roman Empire, the process of 'assibilation' was introduced in languages in Weste n Europe. B The lette 's circular fo m pe fectly captures the idea of continuity, of something that retu ns to its sta ting point. Words that often contained this letter: "cycle," "circle," "circuit" imply a sense of repetition, of retu ning to the beginning. A new name for the circular letter was proposed: "C." The lette 's shape, its sound, and its association with cyclical concepts make it a fitting choice. C In a playful tale, the letter C is said to have been inspired by a child's game, the cat's cradle. The int icate patte ns fo med by the st ings in this game were thought to resemble the shape of the letter, and so, the letter C was adopted as a t ibute to this beloved pastime. D In ancient times, the letter C was believed to be a gift from the heavens. It was said that a shooting star descended from the sky, leaving behind a cu ved trail of light. This trail was interpreted as a divine message, and the people of the time created the letter C to represent this celestial symbol. 19. How many sound changes did Jacob G im recorded? A 7 B 9 C 5 D 3 20. What is the sound change of 'assibilation'? A The process by which the /s/ disappears. B The process by which a sound becomes a bilabial sound. C The process by which a sound shifts into a hissing or hushing sound /s, z, ʃ, tʃ, ʒ, dʒ/. D The process by which a sound becomes more similar to a neighbou ing sound. 21. When was the 'ch' spelling introduced in English? A With the Romans. B Du ing Middle English. C Du ing Old English. D With the Viking invasions. 22. Who said: "The Sansk it language, whatever be its antiquity, is of a wonde ful st ucture, more pe fect than the Greek, more copious than the Latin, and more exquisitely refined than either, yet bea ing to both of them a stronger affinity, both in the roots of the verbs an in the fo ms of grammar, than could possibly have been produced by accident; so strong, indeed, that no philologer could examine them all three, without believing them to have sp ung from the same common source, which perhaps, no longer exists." A Jacob G imm B William Jones C Wa ren Hastings D Franz Bopp 23. Which of these statements is NOT t ue about Jones. A He was a ju ist and a scholar, who studied at Oxford. B He was bo n in India to B itish parents. C He was one of the leading O ientalists in B itain. D Knew more than 20 languages, including Greek, Latin, Hebrew and Arabic. 24. When did the Battle of Hastings happen? A 1066 CE B 106 CE C 1606 CE D 1066 BCE 25. What was the initial name given to Proto-IE? A Indonian B Iranian C A yan D Proto-European 26. How many branches does the IE family tree can have? A 20, 21, 22 B 2, 3 or 4 C 10, 11 or 12 D 13, 14, 15 27. IE languages have reached as far as Xinjiang region in no thweste n China. A T ue B False 28. Who conquered England after The Battle of Hastings? A William I, Duke of No mandy (aka William the Conqueror) B Richard II, King of the Franks (aka Richard the Bloody) C Ma y I, Queen of Scots (aka Bloody Ma y) D Roman Emperor Had ian 29. Which group of languages is NOT of IE o igin? A A menian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Russian B Hittite, Tocha ian, Latin, Greek C Hunga ian, Finnish, Estonian, Maltese D Hellenic, Iranian, Italic, Iranian 30. What's the best definition for the te m 'comparative linguistics'? A It is the study of the histo ical development of languages, including their o igins, evolution, and diversification over time. B It is the study of the grammatical st uctures of different languages, including their morphology, syntax, and semantics. C It is the study of the relationships or co respondences between two or more languages and the techniques used to discover whether the languages have a common ancestor. D It is the study of the pronunciation of words in different languages, including their phonological systems and the va iations that occur across different dialects and accents. 31. Ge man folk-tales were initially compiled as a result of French invasion of Ge manic te ito ies as pa t of a resistance movement which sought to unify the histo ic Ge man peoples. A T ue B False 32. Ge man folk-tales were initially compiled to w ite down the common Ge manic language in order to analyse it better. A T ue B False 33. How many patte ns/ ules did Jacob G imm document in what we know today as "G imm's Law"? A 6 B 7 C 8 D 9 34. The inte rogative pronouns 'what' and 'who' are cognates with 'qué' and 'quién' in Spanish. A T ue B False 35. What linguists completed G imm's Law? A Frank Bopp and Wilhelm G imm B William Jones and Wilhelm G imm C He mann Grassmann and Karl Ve ner D He man Grassmann and William Jones 36. Choose the co rect statement. A Karl Ve ner realised that G imm's Law was not always applicable. Some voiceless consonants /p, t, k/ became voiced /β or v, ð, ɣ/. B Karl Ve ner realised that G imm's Law was applicable to all IE languages. C Ve ne 's Law is a universal law of language change. D Karl Ve ner realised that G imm's Law was not always applicable. Some voiced consonants /β or v, ð, ɣ/ became unvoiced /p, t, k/. 37. 'Hundred' En.) is cognate with 'cien' Sp.) A T ue B False 38. ''Assibilation' in English occu red with back vowels (a, o, u). A T ue B False 39. Which statement is FALSE? A The OE word ' ice' is the ancestor of the mode n-day adjective ' ich'. B The OE word ' ice' is cognate with the Ge man word 'Reich' (as in The Third Reich) C The OE word ' ice' has not changed over time and it is still ' ice' today, with different pronunciation. D The OE word ' ice' went through a process of assibilation, whereas in Old Saxon the word was still ' iki'. 40. Which statement is FALSE? A The OE word 'ci ice' is the ancestor of the mode n-day noun 'church'. B The OE word 'ci ice' is cognate with the Spanish word 'cereza'. C The OE word 'ci ice' went through an assibilation process, whereas in Old Saxon the word was still 'ki ika'. D The OE word 'ci ice' and the mode n-day Ge man 'kirche' are cognates. 41. Which is an example of agglutinating language? A Catalan, Italian, French, Po tuguese B Arctic language families Inuit, Yupik, Aleut), abo iginal Australian languages(Gunbarlang) C Chinese Manda in), Vietnamese D Turkish, Japanese, Finnish, Basque 42. Which is an example of isolating/analytic language? A Catalan, Italian, French, Po tuguese, Russian B Arctic language families Inuit, Yupik, Aleut), abo iginal Australian languages(Gunbarlang) C Chinese Manda in), Vietnamese D Turkish, Japanese, Finnish, Basque 43. Which are polysynthetic languages? A Catalan, Italian, French, Po tuguese, Russian B Arctic language families Inuit, Yupik, Aleut), abo iginal Australian languages(Gunbarlang) C Chinese Manda in), Vietnamese D Turkish, Japanese, Finnish, Basque 44. Which are fusional/inflectional languages? A Catalan, Italian, French, Po tuguese, Russian B Arctic language families Inuit, Yupik, Aleut), abo iginal Australian languages(Gunbarlang) C Chinese Manda in), Vietnamese D Turkish, Japanese, Finnish, Basque 45. There are no inflections left in English but there used to be. A T ue B False 46. How many cases did IE have? A Eight: nominative, vocative, accusative, genitive, dative, ablative, locative, inst umental B Six: nominative, vocative, accusative, genitive, dative, ablative, C Nine: nominative, vocative, accusative, genitive, dative, ablative, locative, inst umental, dual. D Five: nominative, vocative, accusative, genitive, dative 47. English no longer has cases but it relies on word order, unlike IE in which word order was not so impo tant because cases indicated the function of the word within the sentence. A T ue B False 48. Choose the co rect stament. A Cognates are words within the same language with the same common ancestor. B Cognates are words from different languages with the same common ancestor. C Cognates are words from different languages with the same meaning. D Cognates are words found within the same language with the same meaning. 49. The mode n-day English words pyre and fire are cognates. A T ue B False 50. The mode n-day English words frail and fragile are etymological twins (or doublets). A T ue B False  Name Date U3_History of the English Score language 1. Which OE dialect was dominant before the Viking invasion? A No thumb ian B Mercian C West Saxon D East Saxon 2. Which OE dialect was dominant after the Viking invasion? A No thumb ian B Mercian C West Saxon D East Saxon 3. Which OE dialect became the standard? A East Saxon B Kentish C Anglian D West Saxon 4. Which of these was w itten by Bede? A Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum (Ecclesiastical Histo y of the English people) B De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae On the Ruin and Conquest of B itain) C De Bellis Histo y of the wars) D The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle  5. Which kingdoms fo med the Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy? A Mercia, Kent, Wessex, Sussex, Essex, No thumb ia, West Anglia B Mercia, Kent, Wales, Sussex, Essex, No folk, East Anglia C Mercia, Kent, Wessex, Suffolk, Essex, No folk, East Anglia D Mercia, Kent, Wessex, Sussex, Essex, No thumb ia, East Anglia 6. What was the Danelaw? A The region established in England under Viking Norsemen) ule in England. B A w itten document with laws applied to the Anglo-Saxons living in England. C Where the Ge manic t ibes came from (i.e. mode n-day Denmark) D A w itten document dictating the laws applied to the Danes t ying to conquer England. 7. The Treaty of Wedmore involved A Guth um and Alfred B Cnut and Alfred C Guth um and Cnut D Cnut and Aethelstan 8. The Treaty of Wedmore consisted in A establishing peace through inte ma iage. B dividing the land between Anglo-Saxons and the Vikings. C an agreement to celebrate Anglo-Saxon (i.e. Ch istian) weddings. D dividing the land between Anglo-Saxons and Scots. 9. After King Cnut, who was Alfred the Great's descendant to be restored to the throne? A Edmund the Ma tyr B King Aethelstan C Harold II D Edward the Confessor 10. Who was the last Anglo-Saxon king? A Edward the Confessor B Harold II C Edward the Ma tyr D Alfred the Great 11. Which option includes the most famous English unic insc iption(s)? A The Stonehenge insc iption B Had ian's Wall and The Dover Cliff unes C Franks Casket and the Ruthwell Cross D The Dover Cliff unes 12. OE had long and sho t vowels and consonants. A T ue B False. Only vowels, represented with a line on top (macron). C False. Only consonants, represented with a double consonant. D False. Long vowels came in later on with the Great Vowel Shift. 13. OE long consonants were marked with a macron. A T ue B False 14. Letter W is an OE invention that the Romans adopted within their alphabet. A T ue B False 15. Some unic symbols were inspired by or bo rowed from the Roman alphabet. A T ue B False 16. The unes contained 12 symbols for vowel sounds. A T ue B False 17. When were the unes abandoned as a w iting method? A With the invasion of the Ge manic t ibes. B With the invasion of the Vikings. C With the Ch istianisation of England. D With the fall of the Roman Empire. 18. How many stages can be identified in the Viking invasion? A Three: raiding stage, settlement stage, conquest B Four: visiting stage, plunde ing stage, settlement and conquest. C Two: raiding stage and settlement stage. D Five: visiting, raiding, ma ying, settling, conque ing. 19. Which Danish king uled England for 30 years? A Guth um B Cnut C Svend D Harald II 20. Edward the confessor was the last Anglo-Saxon king. A T ue B False 21. The Latin alphabet used by OE sc ibes contained some unic symbols. A T ue B False 22. Letters eth and tho n represented voiced and voiceless sounds of mode n-day 'th' respectively. A T ue B False 23. Which two sound changes involving assimilation affect consonants? A voicing and fronting B fronting and breaking C voicing and palatalisation D palatalisation and breaking 24. Which two sound changes involving assimilation affect vowels? A voicing and fronting B fronting and breaking C voicing and palatalisation D palatalisation and breaking 25. There are remnants of OE assimilations in some plurals today. A T ue B False 26. Many words beginning with 'sk' came in with the Viking invasion. A T ue B False 27. These pairs are examples of fronting: long-length broad-breadth goose-geese louse-lice A T ue B False 28. English has always been an analytic language. A T ue B False 29. The 's Saxon Genitive) and the plural -es fo m are remnants of OE weak nouns. A T ue B False 30. -n plural fo mation like 'children' and 'oxen' are remnants of weak nouns declensions. A T ue B False 31. Adjective in OE didn't va y - like in mode n-day English. A T ue B False 32. I regular fo ms of adjectives (e.g. good, bad) are inhe ited from OE. A T ue B False 33. Choose the co rect statement: A ð and þ were used to represent voiced and unvoiced 'th' sounds respectively. B ð and þ were used indistinctly to represent both voiced and unvoiced 'th' sounds. C þ was used in the no th, while ð in the south. D Linguists believe that þ came into Old English texts through I ish monks. 34. 'Futhark' was the name given to the No th Ge manic unic alphabet in the continent. A T ue B False 35. What was the name of the unic alphabet in Anglo-Saxon times? A Futhark B Futhorc C Khuzdul D Sinda in 36. The grapheme 'æ' was a diphthong. A T ue B False 37. What different sounds did yogh ('Ȝ') represent? A /g/, /k/, /w/, /j/ B /g/, /k/, /y/, /dȜ/ C /g/, /dȜ/, /j/, /ɣ/ D /g/, /k/, /ɣ/, /y/ 38. Which of the following Old English words se ved as the basis for the development of the mode n English definite a ticle "the"? A se/þæt B þæt/þone C þe/þis D þeos/þu 39. What fo m is the o igin of PDE plural and singular fo ms 'you'. A þu Nominative 2nd person singular) B þe Dative 2nd person singular) C ge Nominative 2nd person plural) D cow Dative 2nd person plural) 40. Third person plural fo ms (they) already existed in early Old English. A False. They were bo rowed from Old Norse. B T ue. Closed lexicon can never va y in a language. C False. They came in with the No man invasion. D T ue. They were spelt with 'ht' instead of 'th', but the order of the letters changed due to the p inting press. 41. OE verbs had up to four fo ms. A T ue B False 42. The past pa ticiple of strong OE verbs was fo med A (ge) + root + dental suffix (-ed/od/d) B root + dental suffix C changing the vowel of the root verb D (ge) + root + -en 43. The past pa ticiple of weak OE verbs was fo med A (ge) + root + dental suffix (-ed/od/d) B root + dental suffix C changing the vowel of the root verb D (ge) + root + -en 44. Co relative conjunctions did not exist in OE. A T ue B False 45. What are the three native resources of English to create new lexicon? A Affixation, Compounding, Conversion B Affixation, Back-fo mation, Conversion C Back-fo mation, Compounding, Clipping D Compounding, Bo rowing, Clipping 46. Complete the sentence: "Beowulf is a co nerstone of OE literature because... A it offers an accurate po trayal of the events of Anglo-Saxon England. B it offers a glimpse into Anglo-Saxon (and Ge manic) culture, reflecting values, beliefs and ways of life. C it is the only su viving document of OE poet y. D it is the earliest example of epic poet y in Europe.  Name Date U4_History of the English Score Language (ME) 1. Histo ical linguists consider ME the pe iod between: A 1500s-1600s B 1160 1500s C 1066 1500s D 1166 1550 2. What's the name of the needlework that po trays the Battle of Hastings? A The Bayonne Cloth B The Bayeaux Tapest y C The Bordeaux Tapest y D The No man Tapest y 3. Choose all the facts/events that led to the Battle of Hastings: A The fact that William was Edward's cousin. B William said that Edward had promised him the English throne. C Harold had pledged his loyalty to William. D Edward the Confesso 's death. E Harold's coronation. F William's feeling of betrayal. G Harold's death. 4. William dispossessed AS nobility and church immediately. A T ue B False 5. We can see in texts w itten immediately in the afte math of the No man Conquest how English was already changing. A T ue B False 6. EarlyME texts were more consistent with spelling than LateOE. A T ue B False 7. New manusc ipts w itten by the church were in French after the No man Conquest. A T ue B False 8. When was English recovered as an official language? A 12th centu y B 13th centu y C 14th centu y D 15th centu y 9. What is The Ormulum? A A copy of homilies and se mons w itten du ing Richard the Lionhea t's reign. It is w itten in verse following the conventional poet y fo mat for OE, including alliterations and rhyme. Because it is w itten in rhyme, it is useful for linguists to dete mine how words were pronounced. B A religious document in verse containing new homilies and se mons. It was w itten in the East Midlands in 1180s-1190s du ing King Richard I's reign. It is an impo tant source of info mation for linguists because it captures changes occu ing in language in the late 1100s and uses consistent spelling ules to facilitate read-aloud that reflect how language was pronounced. C It is a dedication w itten in early ME to O m's brothers: his natural brothers, his Ch istian brothers and his monaste y brothers. It is linguistically relevant because it reflects the transition from OE to ME going on in language. D A religious document in prose containing new prayers. It was w itten in the West Midlands in 1180s-1190s du ing King Richard the Lionhea t's reign. It is an impo tant source of info mation for linguists because it captures changes occu ing in language in the late 1300s and uses consistent spelling ules to facilitate read-aloud. 10. We know that Ormulum presents foreign influences. Which of these statements is inco rect? A It contains Old Norse influences, like the verb 'to seem' ON 'soema'), as OE used the word 'gelic' to express that idea. B It contains Old Norse influence, even the autho 's name is a Norse word meaning 'snake, serpent' OE 'wo m') C The Norse influence is also present in the use of th-pronouns. D Ormulum was heavily influenced by French, and that can be seen in the amount of French words it contains: want, anger, scare, thrive, raise, bloom, blunt... 11. Which letter was used to replace þ (tho n)? A y B ð C th D ȝ 12. There are some dialectal differences between No th and South in ME. Choose the inco rect statement. A The No th retained the OE sound /a:/ for in words like ham 'home'. B In the South, OE /a:/ became /o:/ , as in hom(e) 'home'. C The No th palatalised velar stops (e.g. /tʃ/ in church) D Initial and were often voiced in the South: /v/ and /z/. 13. There are some dialectal differences between No th and South in ME. Choose the inco rect statement. A The No th used 'ich' for the first person singular. B The No th sta ts using 'sche, scho' for 3rd p. sg. fem. C The South use traditional OE h- fo ms for 3rd p. sg. fem (heo/hire/hire/hie) D Inflections are totally lost in the No th. 14. There are some dialectal differences between No th and South in ME. Choose the inco rect statement. A The South uses the complete Scandinavian paradigm for 3rd p. pl ('yey, yem, yei ') B The South retains many OE plurals (-en), whereas the No th produces -es plurals. C The South still has traces of OE inflections in adjectives (-e/-o). D The indefinite a ticle appears in No th and South but it can show traces of inflection in the South. 15. Du ing the ME pe iod, what are the influences to create a new standard? A The p inting press, the East Midlands dialect, French, Chance y English and London English. B The p inting press, the East Midlands dialect, Geoffrey Chaucer, Chance y English and London English. C The p inting press, the Wessex dialect, French, Kentish and London English. D The p inting press, the East Midlands dialect, Geoffrey Chaucer, French and London English. 16. Why did Caxton use London English for his publications? A It was his va iety and the one he knew best. B It was the one that most people would understand because it had bo rowed features from the No th and the Midlands, and it was located in the South, also containing traits of that region. C It was the va iety spoken by the cou t, his main client. D Most w iters were located in London, a cultural hub, and wrote in that va iety, which meant that he didn't have to modify the manusc ipts. 17. Even though Caxton used London English, he drew on Chance y English for spelling. Which of these was not followed by Caxton? A Caxton wrote 'such' instead of 'swich' (as w itten in OE B He uses 'gh' spelling (' ight, might, fight') C He prefe red -lich ending for adverbs. D Used 'I' insted of 'ich' for 1st p. sg. pronoun. 18. What's the o igin of the expression "to be out of so ts" ('be in some discomfo t, feel unwell' ? A When a typesetter was ran out a letter/symbol (i.e. 'so t') and could not finish a page, they were out of so ts, and out of luck. B When a p inter ran out of ink for a pa ticular colour, they were out of a so t of colour. C When the p inting press malfunctioned and produced misaligned or blu y text, and needed to 'be so ted'. D When a p inte 's ink was not properly mixed, resulting in inconsistent colours, they had not been so ted co rectly. 19. What's the o igin of the expression "mind your P's and Q's" ('be extra careful' ? A When a p inter was mindful of the precise placement of punctuation marks. B When a p inter was attentive to the co rect order of letters in a word. C A typesetter needed to be careful to distinguish between similar letters, such as "p", "q" and "b". They were literally and physically minding their P's and Q's. D It o iginated du ing the p inting press, du ing the proofreading process where they had to check that the P and the Q had not been mistaken. 20. What's the o igin of the te ms "upper case" and "lower case"? A The te ms refer to the different levels of emphasis used in p inting, with "upper case" indicating more impo tant text and "lower case" indicating less impo tant text. B The te ms refer to the different fonts used in p inting, with "upper case" being a se if font and "lower case" being a sans-se if font. C The te ms refer to the different styles of handw iting used in p inting, with "upper case" refe ing to a more fo mal, up ight style and "lower case" refe ing to a more casual, slanted style. D The te ms refer to the different positions of the cases used to store type, with "upper case" refe ing to the case on top, where majuscules were stored, and "lower case", for miniscules, refe ing to the case below. 21. What was a 'stereotype' in the context of the p inting press? A A metal plate used to create multiple copies of a page. B A mold used to create individual letters for p inting. C A frame used to hold the paper in place du ing p inting. D A machine used to fold and bind p inted pages. 22. How did East Midlands English cont ibute to the standard? A It was Geoffrey Chauce 's geographical va iety. B It became an influential dialect as it was the most populated area and two universities were founded there. C Most monaste ies were located there, which acted as lea ning centres. D It was the closest dialect to London, the city. 23. What spelling convention did the Ormulum NOT use? A Double consonant to represent sho t vowels. B Double vowel to represent long vowels. C to represent /v/ sound, instead of. D to replace þ and ð. 24. What spelling convention did the Ormulum NOT use? A before -e and -i where OE used B to represent /tʃ/ where OE used C for /ʃ/ where OE used D silent -e to indicate long vowel sound 25. Some OE long vowels became sho t in the ME pe iod. For instance, the past fo m of the verb 'blēdan'. Why did that happen? A The past fo m of the verb was 'blēdde'. There is a natural tendency to pronounce vowels sho ter in closed syllables - i.e. before a double consonant. B Because that was a feature of the East Midlands dialect, which cont ibuted to the standard and has made it to PDE. C The past fo m of the verb was 'blēdde'. There is a natural tendency to pronounce vowels sho ter in open syllables - i.e. before a double consonant. D Because before and after BL there is a tendency to make vowels sho ter. 26. Some OE sho t vowels became long in the ME pe iod. For instance, 'bacan' PDE 'bake') became 'bāken'. Why did that happen? A Because the -en ending influenced the vowel and made it longer. B In two-syllable words, when the syllable was left open, a vowel could become long. C In two-syllable words, when the syllable was closed, a vowel could become long. D The Great Vowel Shift influenced these words and made 'bacan' into 'bāken'. 27. Which two-consonant combinations can tu n a sho t vowel into a long vowel? A LD, ND B PT, DL C DL, DN D CK, SS 28. Which of these was not a spelling innovation to represent long vowels by ME sc ibes? A Double vowel B W iting instead of after the vowel C Adding -a- after E to make /ɛ:/ D to represent /u:/ 29. Which of these was not a spelling innovation to represent long vowels by ME sc ibes? A Double vowel. B Adding -i- after A/E/U. C Adding silent -e D Doubling all the consonants after a long vowel. 30. In ME, there was an early vowel shift from /a:/ to /ɔ:/ OE 'ban' > ME 'bon'. What do these two vowel sounds have in common? A They are both central vowels. B They are both front vowels. C They are both close vowels. D They are both back vowels. 31. What is 'case syncretism'? A The process of assigning grammatical cases to words based on their syntactic role. B The loss of all case distinctions in a language. C The process of assigning grammatical cases to words based on their syntactic role. D The combination of multiple distinct case values in a single fo m 32. What is 'analogical extension'? A The process of creating new words by combining pa ts of existing words. B The extension of a patte n found in one word or set of words to other words that were not previously pa t of that patte n. C The application of a grammatical ule to words that don't typically follow that ule. D The sho tening of a word by removing sounds or syllables. 33. What's the only case that does not disappear by LateME? A Accusative B Genitive C Nominative D Dative 34. "Adjectives du ing ME were inva iable, like in PDE" A T ue B False. They were largely inva iable, but those bo rowed from French would still keep the French plural fo m (-s) and position in the sentence (after the noun). C False. Adjectives could be either weak or strong depending on their position in the sentence and would be inflected accordingly. D False. Some adjectives could be weak and others could be strong, and would be inflected accordingly. 35. Was this phrase co rect in ME? " moste clennest flesche" A Yes. B No. The co rect fo m is "moste clenn flesh". C No. The spelling of "moste" should be "most". D No. The co rect fo m is "clennest flesh". 36. Where does the definite a ticle ('the') come from? A The OE a ticle 'se' nominative masculine singular fo m 'se' B The OE demonstrative nominative masculine singular fo m 'se' C The OE numeral nominative femenine plural 'twa' D The OE a ticle accusative feminine singular 'þā' 37. Where does the singular distal deictic ('that') come from? A The OE a ticle 'se' nominative masculine singular fo m 'se' B The OE demonstrative nominative neuter singular fo m 'þæt' C The OE a ticle dative neuter isngular 'þam' D The OE a ticle accusative feminine singular 'þā' 38. Which deictic indicated that something was far from the speaker and from the addressee in ME? A that B this C yonder D yander 39. How were second person pronouns used in ME? A 'Thou/thy/thee' were used for the second person singular to refer to someone in a lower class and between equals of lower classes; 'You/your/you' were used for the second person plural to refer to someone in an upper class and between equals of upper classes. B 'Thou/thy/thee' were always used for the second person singular; 'You/your/you' were always used for the second person plural. C 'You/your/you' were used for the second person singular to refer to someone in a lower class and between equals of lower classes; 'Thou/thy/thee' were used for the second person plural to refer to someone in an upper class and between equals of upper classes. D 'Thou/thy/thee' and 'you/your/you' were used interchangeably for the second person singular, but 'you' won out. 40. Which of these statements is NOT t ue? A ME verbs were divided intwo three tenses: past, present and future. B In ME, verbs lose morphemes to indicate tense, aspect, voice, etc. C Modal verbs 'will' and 'shall' sta t to be gramaticalised to express future tense. D Progressive verb phrases and the passive voice emerge in ME. 41. Which of these statements is NOT t ue? A Third person singular present indicative fo ms had -es ending in the No th. B Third person present indicative fo ms had -eth ending in the No th. C -ing fo ms o iginated in the South. D Only the auxilia y verb 'to have' could be used in ME to fo m the pe fect fo ms. 42. What can you see in this sentence taken from The Canterbury Tales General Prologue? a) "And specially fram eue y shires ende" b) And especially from the limits of every shire Translation) A In a), "shires ende" is a dative case that gives us today's apostrophe -s to express possession b) 'of eve y shire' is an alte native way of expressing the same idea of possession. B In a), "shires ende" is an inflected synthetic fo m in genitive case where the word 'shires' conveys both lexical and grammatical meaning, whereas in b) 'of eve y shire' the grammatical and lexical meanings are expressed by two different words (i.e. analytic fo m) C In a), "shires ende" we can see a simplification of the noun phrase whereas in b) 'of eve y shire' contains the full noun phrase. D This example clearly illustrates a change in the tense from past to present. 43. ME saw the ise of complex verb phrases where the auxilia y and the main verb could appear apa t from each other in a sentence. A T ue. The auxilia y verb appeared ight after the verb, whereas the main verb appeared at the end of the sentence. B False. The auxilia y verb always appeared next to the main verb in any position in the sentence. C T ue D False. The auxilia y verb always appeared next to the main verb ight next to the subject. 44. Questions in ME were fo med using the auxilia y 'do' (i.e. dummy do) A T ue. ME introduced this new st ucture. B False. Subject-verb order was still inve ted to indicate it was a question. C T ue, although the verb 'do' was spelt 'doth'. D False. The verb was placed at the end of the sentence to indicate it was a question. 45. There are two big waves of lexical bo rowing from French into English. Which option desc ibes them best? A The first pe iod occu red before 1066 - ight before the No man Conquest where English bo rowed words related from No man French. The second pe iod occu red after 1066, inlfuenced by the loss of the duchy of Acquitaine, Southe n French became the prestigious dialect. B The first pe iod occu red before 1250 - ight after the No man Conquest where English bo rowed words related to the relationship between lower and higher classes from No man French (e.g. baron, servant). The second pe iod occu red after 1250, inlfuenced by the loss of the duchy of No mandy, where upper classes look towards Central French as a prestigious dialect. C The first pe iod occu red before 1150 - ight after the No man Conquest where English bo rowed words from all semantic fields. The second pe iod occu red after 1150, when upper classes look towards Pa isian French influenced by the power of French fashion. D The first pe iod occu red before 1250. The words bo rowed in this pe iod replaced ve nacular words with the same meaning. The second pe iod occu red after 1250, words bo rowed in this pe iod coexisted with English ones but unde went semantic change to avoid exact synonyms. 46. The words doable, perhaps or certainly are examples of: A Grammaticalisation B Relexification C Analyticalisation D Complex hyb id fo mation 47. Which of these groups of prefixes and suffixes is NOT of foreign o igin? A con-, de-, dis-, ex-; -able, -ance, -ence, -ant B mis-, un-, fore-, be-; -ness, -ship, -less/-ful, -dom C pre-, ab-, inter-, trans-; -ent, -ition, -ity, -ment D anti-, meta-, tele-, hyper-; -ism, -ist, -logy, -al 48. Choose the false statement regarding the consequences of bo rowings in English. A Emergence of French-like phonemes in English. B Altered traditional stress patte ns. C Semantic change in synonymous words. D There are more ON-o igin words in English than French-o igin ones.  Name Date U5_History of the English Score Language (ModE) 1. Which of these does not belong to the ModE pe iod? A B itish impe ialism B The Tudor dynasty C Abolition of slave y D The death of Edward IV 2. What was the process of the standardisation of English? A Selection, acceptance, diffusion, maintenance, elaboration of function, codification B Selection, acceptance, elaboration of function, diffusion, maintenance, codification C Selection, acceptance, codification, diffusion, maintenance, elaboration of function D Selection, acceptance, diffusion, elaboration of function, codification, maintenance 3. What is the Great Vowel Shift? A A systematic change in the pronunciation of all vowels. B A systematic change in the pronunciation of long vowels. C A systematic change in the pronunciation of sho t vowels. D A systematic change in the pronunciation of all vowels and diphtongs. 4. What two pe iods can be distinguished in the GVS? A In the 1500s-1600s, there's a shift in low-mid and low vowels. Later on, in the 1700s, low-mid and low vowels take different positions. B In the 1500s-1600s, there's a shift in high and high-mid vowels. Later on, in the 1700s, low-mid and low vowels take different positions. C In the 1600s-1700s, there's a shift in high and high-mid vowels. Later on, in the 1800s, low-mid and low vowels take different positions. D In the 1600s-1700s, there's a shift in low-mid and low vowels. Later on, in the 1800s, low-mid and low vowels take different positions. 5. Select the FALSE statement. A In ModE, spelling reflects fo mer pronunciation. B In ModE, two or more different pronunciations of a word coexisted. C In ModE, new pronunciation sta ted in the no the n pa ts of England. D Regional vowel shifts are still occu ing today. 6. In the GVS, /e:/ generally evolved to /ei/ or /i:/ (e.g. 'day', 'pape '). In which two dialects can we hear a different pronunciation (i.e. /ai/? A Canadian and Scottish B B ummie and I ish C Cockney and Australian D East Midlands and no the n dialects 7. Du ing the GVS, /u:/ eventually became /aʊ/, going first through /əʊ/. Which dialects still shows the sound /əʊ/ instead of /aʊ/ in words like: house, about, pound, brown? A Cockney and Australian B East Midlands and southe n dialects C Some no the n dialects and Canadian D Southe n dialects and Canadian 8. Which of these is NOT a phonological feature of ModE? A Weakening of post-vocalic /r/ in southe n dialects. B Initial /h/ being dropped. C Simplification of consonant clusters 'gn', 'kn', 'w '. D Two new consonant phonemes appear: /ŋ/ and /ʒ/ 9. When does the 's genitive (apostrophe 's) appear in English? A Its singular fo m ('s) first appears in the 17th centu y. Its plural fo m (s') first appears in the 18th centu y. Until then, the genitive was attached to the noun (-[e]s) B Its singular fo m ('s) first appears in the 15th centu y. Its plural fo m (s') first appears in the 16th centu y. Until then, the genitive was attached to the noun (-[e]s) C Its singular ('s) and plural (s') fo ms first appear in the 16th centu y. D Its singular ('s) and plural (s') fo ms first appear in the 17th centu y. 10. Which of these linguistic features is NOT characte istic of ModE? A 'his'-genitive B No the n -(e)s replaced Southe n -(e)th in verbs C Many verbs became weak, pronouned with full -ed ending in fo mal contexts D 'Thou' is present throughout the pe iod to refer to people of the same social class. 11. Which of these linguistic features is NOT characte istic of ModE? A -ed was syncopated to 'd after 1600s. B new future fo ms (e.g. be going to) C the revival of -s genitive D va iation in spelling due to regional dialects 12. Which of these linguistic features is NOT characte istic of ModE? A The auxilia y 'do' in not-negation. B New future fo ms (e.g. be going to). C Double vowels in spelling to represent duration. D Ne is replaced by not in negative sentences. 13. Which of these phrases/expressions was NOT coined by Shakespare? A Break the ice B Come full circle C Spill the beans D Knock-knock - Who's there? 14. Which is the most common mechanism to enlarge the invento y of English vocabula y? A Compounding B Affixation C Bo rowing D Clipping  Name Date Texts_History of the English Score Language 1. Choose the co rect option for this text. A OE - Beowulf B OE - The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle C OE - The Peterborough Chronicle D OE - The Exeter Book E OE - The Lord's Prayer F ME - The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle G ME - The Peterborough Chronicle 2. Choose the co rect option for this text. A OE - Beowulf B OE - The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle C OE - The Peterborough Chronicle D OE - The Exeter Book E OE - The Lord's Prayer 3. Choose the co rect option for this text. A OE - Beowulf B OE - The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle C OE - The Peterborough Chronicle D OE - The Exeter Book E OE - The Lord's Prayer F ME - The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle G ME - The Peterborough Chronicle 4. Choose the co rect option for this text. A OE - Beowulf B OE - The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle C OE - The Peterborough Chronicle D OE - The Exeter Book E OE - The Lord's Prayer F ME - The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle G ME - The Peterborough Chronicle 5. Choose the co rect option for this text. A OE - Beowulf B OE - The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle C OE - The Peterborough Chronicle D OE - The Exeter Book E OE - The Lord's Prayer F ME - The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle G ME - The Peterborough Chronicle 6. Choose the co rect option for this text. A OE - Beowulf B OE - The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle C OE - The Peterborough Chronicle D OE - The Exeter Book E OE - The Lord's Prayer F ME - The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle G ME - The Peterborough Chronicle 7. Choose the co rect option for this text. Nu broþe r Wallte r, broþe r min affte r þe flæshess kinde, annd broþe r min i C isstenndom þu rh fulluhht, annd þu rh trowwþe, annd broþe r min i Godess hus ȝet o þe þ idde wise, þu rh þatt witt hafenn takenn ba an reȝhell-boc to follȝhenn unnde r kanunn-kess had annd lif, swa summ Sannt Awwstin sette Icc hafe don swa-summ þu badd, annd forþedd te þin wille Icc hafe wennd inntill Ennglissh goddspelless hallȝhe lare affte r þatt little witt þatt me min D ihhtin hafeþþ lenedd A ME - The Canterbu y Tales B OE - The Lord's Prayer C ME - Sir Gawain and the Green Knight D ME - The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle E ME - The O mulum F ME - The Peterborough Chronicle 8. Choose the co rect work for this text. And the marchant was ang y for he also coude speke no frenshe. but wolde haue hadde egges and she vnderstode hym not And thenne at laste a nother sayd that he wolde haue eyren then the good wyf sayd that she vnderstod hym wel Loo what sholde a man in thyse dayes now w yte. "egges or eyren” ce tynly it is harde to playse eue y man by cause of dyuersitie & chau(n)ge of langage. For in these dayes eue y man that is in ony reputacyon in his cou(n)tre wyll vtter his comyncacyon and maters in such maners & te mes that fewe men shall derstonde theym And som honest and grete clerkes haue ben wyth me and desired me to w yte the moste cu yous te mes that I coude fynde And thus bytwene playn ude & cu yous I stande abasshed. but in my Iudgmente the comyn te mes that be dayli vsed ben lyghter to be vnderstonde than the olde and au(n)cyend englysshe And for as moche as this present booke is not for a ude vplondyssh man to laboure therein ne rede it but onely for a clerke & a noble gentylman that feleth and vnderstondeth in faytes of a mes in loue & in noble chyual ye Therefor in a meane bytwene bothe I haue reduced & translated this sayd booke in to our englysshe not ouer ude ne cu yous but in such te mes as shall be vnderstanden by goddys grace accordynge to my copye A ME - The Canterbu y Tales B OE - The Lord's Prayer C ME - Sir Gawain and the Green Knight D ME - The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle E ME - Prologue to Eneydos (by William Caxton) F ME - The Peterborough Chronicle 9. Choose the co rect option for this text. In sothe in englis was it draun, And tu nd it haue i till our aun Langage o no th in lede, þat can nan oiþer englis rede A ME - The Canterbu y Tales B ME - Cursor Mundi (by Richard Mo is) C ME - Sir Gawain and the Green Knight D ME - The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle E ME - The O mulum F ME - The Peterborough Chronicle 10. In which OE dialect is this text w itten? A Mercian B No thumb ian C West Saxon D Kentish 11. In which OE dialect is this text w itten? A Mercian B No thumb ian C West Saxon D Kentish 12. In which OE dialect is this text w itten? A Mercian B No thumb ian C West Saxon D Kentish 13. In which OE dialect is this text w itten? A Mercian B No thumb ian C West Saxon D Kentish 14. In which OE dialect is this text w itten? A Mercian B No thumb ian C West Saxon D Kentish 15. Look at these excerpts. Which is the best commenta y? 1100 - On ðison geare se cyng Willelm heold his hired to C istesmæssa on Gleaweceastre 1124 Eall þis gear wes se king Hean i on No mandi. 1135 – On ðis gære for se king Hen i ouer sæ æt te Lammasse. A It is evident that these three ent ies were w itten by different sc ibes, as the dialectal va iety is reflected in each of them. To sta t with, 1100 and 1135 employ letter ð, which was used by I ish sc ibes only to represent PDE voiced 'th' sound. Besides, the fact that 1100 ent y has 'On ðison geare' where 1135 ent y has 'On ðis gære' clearly represent that geographical difference: the first was w itten by a sc ibe from the South, whereas the second was w itten by a sc ibe in the No th, where inflections were already disappea ing. The 1124 ent y must have been w itten by a No man sc ibe as the word 'king' is w itten with a K instead of a C, and 'Hean i' is spelt with an '-a-'. B These excerpts taken from The Peter's Chronicle are w itten in OE. They represent the transition pe iod from OE to ME after the No man Conquest, although some changes had already been occu ing p ior to that event in the Danelaw due to Norse influences. 'þis gea ' is in Nominative fo m because it is placed at the beginning of the sentence. In the other two sentences, even though the info mation is placed at the beginning as well, the words are spelt differently. This is due to the flexibility and dialectal va iety in the language. Moreover, No man spelling influenced English spelling, especially in regard to letter C, which became K in fo nt of - e or -i. Note how 'cyng' is w itten with a -y- to represent that it was pronounced slightly different in the past. Fu the more, it is wo th noticing how PDE 'ove ' was pronounced differently as well in 1135, thus the -u- in 'oue '. C These excerpts taken from The Peterborough Chronicle are w itten in OE. They represent the transition pe iod from OE to ME after the No man Conquest, although some changes had already been occu ing p ior to that event in the Danelaw due to Norse influences. OE was a highly synthetic language dependent on inflections; however, the noun phrase 'þis gea ' has no inflectional ending. Fu the more, when inflections are employed, and if compared with the other ent ies, it can be seen that the use of inflectional endings is not consistent. This is a sign of inflectional endings disappea ing. Moreover, OE letter C could represent a /k/ sound, as in 'cyng' 1100 , although there is a change to K before -e and -i due to No man influence, which can be seen in the 1124 and 1135 ent ies. Word order is slightly different in this transition pe iod as well. Note how all three sentences place the word 'king' before the name rather than the other way round, which was more traditional in OE. 16. Choose the co rect option for this text. Whan that Ap ill with his shoures soote The droghte of March hath perced to the roote, And bathed eve y veyne in switch licour Of which ve tu engendred is the flour; Whan Zephi us eek with his sweete breeth Inspired hath in eve y holt and heeth The tendre croppes, and the yonge sonne Hath in the Ram his half cours yronne, And smale foweles maken melodye, That slepen al the nyght with open ye So P iketh hem Nature in hir corages), Thanne longen folk to goon on pilg images, And palmeres for to seken straunge strondes, To fe ne halwes, kowthe in sond y londes; And specially from eve y shires ende Of Engelond to Caunterbu y they wende, The hooly blisful ma tir for to seke, That hem hath holpen whan that they were seeke A William Caxton - Eneydos, Prologue. B Geoffrey Chaucer - The Canterbury Tales, Prologue. C Sir Thomas Malo y, Le Morte d'Artur. D Geoffrey Chaucer - The Canterbury Tales, The Knight's Tale. 17. Choose the co rect option for this text. "In habit maad with chastitee and shame Ye wommen shul apparaille yow," quod he, "And noght in tressed heer and gay pe ree, As perles, ne with gold, ne clothes iche." After thy text, ne after thy ub iche, I wol nat wirche as muchel as a gnat. A William Caxton - Eneydos, Prologue. B Geoffrey Chaucer - The Canterbury Tales, 'The Wife of Bath' C Geoffrey Chaucer - The Canterbury Tales, 'General Prologue' D Geoffrey Chaucer - The Canterbury Tales, The Knight's Tale. 18. Look at these two texts. What can you say about the use of the second person pronouns? Taken from The Canterbury Tales, 'The Wife of Bath', by Geoffrey Chaucer) a) "Dame, I wolde praye yow, if youre wyl it were," Seyde this Pardoner, "as ye bigan, Telle fo th youre tale, spareth for no man, And teche us yonge men of youre praktike." b) "My leeve mooder," quod this knyght, "ce teyn I nam but deed but if that I kan seyn What thyng it is that wommen moost desire. Koude ye me wisse, I wolde wel quite youre hire." "Plight me thy trouthe heere in myn hand," quod she, "The nexte thyng that I requere thee, Thou shalt it do, if it lye in thy myght, And I wol telle it yow er it be nyght." A The first text reflects a less fo mal use of the second person pronoun than the second to reflect the woman's lower status in relation to the Knight's. The second text uses th- fo ms as the fo mal equivalent to 'you'. B Both fo ms are used in these texts to reflect power dynamics between characters. The plural of politeness you is used by the Knight to address the old lady in a), showing respect, despite his higher social status. In tu n, she uses thou in b) because she acquires the power in this relationship as he needs her. C Th- fo ms are used here to indicate shared low social status, although the Knight uses you fo ms to mock in the pretentious attitude of the woman. D Th- fo ms are used here to indicate shared high social status, although the Knight uses th- fo ms to mock in the pretentious attitude of the woman. 19. Look at this text. What can you say about the use of the second person pronouns? Taken from The Canterbury Tales, 'The Wife of Bath', by Geoffrey Chaucer) Herkne eek, lo, which a sharp word for the nones, Biside a welle, Jhesus, God and man, Spak in repreeve of the Sama itan: "Thou hast yhad fyve housbondes," quod he, "And that ilke man that now hath thee Is noght thyn housbonde," thus seyde he ce teyn. A Th- fo ms to mark Ch ist's supe io ity, who is speaking to the Wife. B Th- fo ms are used here to emphasise the close relationship both characters have. C Th- fo ms used to mark Chirst's humility. D Th- fo ms to mark equal status between the characters. 20. Look at this text. What can you say about the use of the second person pronoun? Taken from The Canterbury Tales, 'The Wife of Bath', by Geoffrey Chaucer) "In habit maad with chastitee and shame Ye wommen shul apparaille yow," quod he, "And noght in tressed heer and gay pe ree, As perles, ne with gold, ne clothes iche." After thy text, ne after thy ub iche, I wol nat wirche as muchel as a gnat. A The Wife of Bath is using this pronoun to show respect towards the Monk. B This is the basic, o iginal meaning of ye as a nom.,pl. to refer to a group of people (i.e., women) C The Wife of Bath is using this pronoun to show respect towards the Knight. D This is the basic, o iginal meaning of ye as a acc.,pl. to refer to a group. 21. Choose the co rect option for this text: But nathelees, whil I have tyme and space, Er that I fe ther in this tale pace, Me thynketh it acordaunt to resoun, To telle yow al the condicioun Of ech of hem, so as it semed me, And whiche they weren, and of what degree; And eek in what a ray that they were inne: And at a knight than wol I first bigynne A William Caxton - Eneydos, Prologue. B Geoffrey Chaucer - The Canterbury Tales, Prologue. C Sir Thomas Malo y, Le Morte d'Artur. D Geoffrey Chaucer - The Canterbury Tales, The Knight's Tale. 22. Choose the co rect option for this text: Engynys alsua for till cast Thai ordanit, and maid redy fast, And set ilk man syne till his ward. And Schir Walter, the gude Steward, With a myt men suld yde about, And se quhar at thar war mast dout; And succur thar with his menyhe. And quhen thai in-to sic degre Had maid thame for thair asaling, On the Rude-evyn, in the dawing, The Inglis host blew till assale. Than mycht men with ser apparale Se that gret host cum sturdely; The toune enveremyt thai in hy, And assalit with sa gud will, For all thair mycht thai set thar-till, That thai thame pressit fast of the toune. Bot thai, that can thame abandoune Till ded, or than till woundis sare, Sa weill has thame defendit thare, That ledde is to the ground thai flang, And with stanys so fast thai dang Thair fais, that feill thai left lyand, Sum ded, sum hu t, and sum swonand. A William Caxton - Eneydos, Prologue. B Geoffrey Chaucer - The Canterbury Tales, Prologue. C John Barbour, The Bruce D The Owl and the Nightingale 23. Choose the co rect option for this text: Sto ys to rede ar delitabill, Suppos that thai be nocht bot fabill: Than suld sto ys that suthfast wer, And thai war said on gud maner, Have doubill plesance in he yng. The fyrst plesance is the carpyng, And the tothir the suthfastnes That schawys the thing ycht as it wes: And suth thyngis that ar likand Tyll mannys he yng ar plesand. A Eneydos B The Canterbury Tales C The Bruce D Sir Gawain and the Green Knight 24. Choose the co rect option for this text: Þu a t lodlich & unclene, bi þine neste ich hit mene, & ek bi þine fule brode, þu fedest on hom a wel ful fode. Vel wostu þat hi doþ þa inne, hi fuleþ hit up to þe chinne: ho sitteþ þar so hi bo bisne. Þarbi men segget a uorbisne: "Dahet habbe þat ilke best þat fuleþ his owe nest." A Unknown - Sir Gawain and the Green Knight B Geoffrey Chaucer - The Canterbury Tales, Prologue. C John Barbour, The Bruce D Unknown - The Owl and the Nightingale 25. Choose the co rect option for this text: ICH was in one sumere dale, in one suþe diȝele hale, iherde ich holde grete tale an hule and one niȝtingale. Þat plait was stif & starc & strong, sum wile softe & lud among; an aiþer aȝen oþer sval, & let þat [vue]le mod ut al. & eiþer seide of oþeres custe þat alre-worste þat hi wuste: & hure & hure of oþere[s] songe hi holde plaiding suþe stronge. Þe niȝtingale bigon þe speche, in one hu ne of one breche, & sat up one vaire boȝe, - þar were abute blosme inoȝe,- in ore waste þicke hegge imeind mid spire & grene segge. A Unknown - Sir Gawain and the Green Knight B Geoffrey Chaucer - The Canterbury Tales, Prologue. C John Barbour, The Bruce D Unknown - The Owl and the Nightingale 26. Choose the co rect option for this text: Þay boȝen bi bonkkeȝ, þer boȝeȝ ar bare, Þay clomben bi clyffeȝ, þer clengeȝ þe colde; Þe heuen watȝ vp halt, bot vgly þer vnder, Mist muged on þe mor, malt on þe mounteȝ, Vch hille hade a hatte, a myst-hakel huge; Brokeȝ byled, & breke, bi bonkkeȝ aboute, Schyre schaterande on schoreȝ, þer þay doun schowued. Welawylle watȝ þe way, þer þay bi wod schulden, Til hit watȝ sone sesoun, þat þe sunne yses, þat tyde; Þay were on a hille ful hyȝe, Þe quyte snaw lay bisyde; Þe bu ne þat rod hym by Bede his mayster abide. A Unknown - Sir Gawain and the Green Knight B Geoffrey Chaucer - The Canterbury Tales, Prologue. C John Barbour, The Bruce D Unknown - The Owl and the Nightingale 27. Choose the co rect option for this text: SIÞEN þe sege and þe assaut watz sesed at Troye, Þe borȝ b ittened and brent to brondeȝ and askez, Þe tulk þat þe trammes of tresoun þer wroȝt Watz t ied for his t iche ie, þe trewest on erþe: Hit watz Ennias þe athel, and his highe kynde, Þat siþen depreced prouinces, and patrounes bicome Welneȝe of al þe wele in þe west iles. Fro iche Romulus to Rome icchis hym swyþe, With gret bobbaunce þat burȝe he biges vpon fyrst, And neuenes hit his aune nome, as hit now hat; Ti ius to Tuskan and teldes bigynnes, Langaberde in Lumbardie lyftes vp homes, And fer ouer þe French flod Felix B utus On mony bonkkes ful brode Bretayn he settez wyth wynne, Where we re and wrake and wonder Bi syþez hatz wont þe inne, And oft boþe blysse and blunder Ful skete hatz skyfted synne. A Unknown - Sir Gawain and the Green Knight B Geoffrey Chaucer - The Canterbury Tales, Prologue. C John Barbour, The Bruce D Unknown - The Owl and the Nightingale 28. What can you say about the third person plural pronouns in this excerpt? Taken from The Canterbury Tales, 'The Reeve's Prologue and Tale', by Geoffrey Chaucer) Thanne were ther yonge povre scolers two, That dwelten in this halle, of which I seye. Testif they were, and lusty for to pleye, And, oonly for hire my the and revel ye, Upon the wardeyn bisily they c ye To yeve hem leve, but a litel stounde, To goon to mille and seen hir co n ygrounde; And hardily they dorste leye hir nekke The millere sholde not stele hem half a pekke Of co n by sleighte, ne by force hem reve; And at the laste the wardeyn yaf hem leve. John highte that oon, and Aleyn highte that oother; Of o toun were they bo n, that highte Strother, Fer in the no th; I kan nat telle where. A There is a combination of Old Norse th- fo ms used in genitive case and Anglo-Saxon fo ms in nominative, dative and accusative positions. This illustrates an inte media y stage in the evolution of the English language, where older case distinctions are beginning to erode. B There is a combination of Old Norse th- fo ms used in accusative case and Anglo-Saxon fo ms in nominative, dative and genitive positions. This illustrates an inte media y stage in the evolution of the English pronouns. C There is a combination of Old Norse th- fo ms used in nominative case and Anglo-Saxon fo ms in accusative, dative and genitive positions. This illustrates an inte media y stage in the evolution of the English pronouns. D The text displays an unpredictable and inconsistent combination of Old Norse and Old English third person plural fo ms, lacking any clear patte n or system. 29. Identify the va iety of Middle English in the following text: And make ye folke him to honour And say yat he is yaire saueour He sall say yat na ight c isten man Was neuer be-fore yis tyme began Bot fals antic istes he sall yaim call Yat hase bene fra ye werldes begynnyng A No the n B South-easte n C Kentish D West Sussex 30. Identify the va iety of Middle English in the following text: And make the folke hym to honour And thovgh he were here sayour He schal saye thanne yȝt to c istene man Was neuer non be-fore hs tyme be-gan Bote falsly c ist he wol hym calle And saye þt hy be-levyth wrong alle A No the n B South-easte n C East Midlands D West Sussex 31. Identify the va iety of English in the following ME text: Sanges sere of selcuth ime, Inglish, franys, and latine, to rede and here Ilkon is prest, þe thynges þat þem likes best. A East-Midlands B Kentish C Southe n D No the n 32. Identify the va iety of English in the following ME text: Mony songes of yuerse yme As englisshe frensshe & latyne To rede & here mony are prest Of þinges þ hem likeþ best. A East-Midlands B Kentish C Southe n D No the n 33. Identify the va iety of English in the following ME text: Engynys alsua for till cast Thai ordanit, and maid redy fast, And set ilk man syne till his ward. And Schir Walter, the gude Steward, With a myt men suld yde about, And se quhar at thar war mast dout; And succur thar with his menyhe. And quhen thai in-to sic degre Had maid thame for thair asaling, On the Rude-evyn, in the dawing, The Inglis host blew till assale. Than mycht men with ser apparale Se that gret host cum sturdely; The toune enveremyt thai in hy, And assalit with sa gud will, For all thair mycht thai set thar-till, That thai thame pressit fast of the toune. Bot thai, that can thame abandoune Till ded, or than till woundis sare, Sa weill has thame defendit thare, That ledde is to the ground thai flang, And with stanys so fast thai dang Thair fais, that feill thai left lyand, Sum ded, sum hu t, and sum swonand. A East-Midlands B Kentish C Southe n D No the n 34. Choose the best option for this text: And so bifel that this kyng A thour Hadde in his hous a lusty bacheler, That on a day cam idynge fro yver, And happed that, allone as he was bo n, He saugh a mayde walkynge hym bifo n, Of which mayde anon, maugree hir heed, By ve ray force, he rafte hire maydenhed; For which oppressioun was swich clamour And swich pursute unto the kyng A thour That dampned was this knyght for to be deed, By cours of lawe, and sholde han lost his heed -- Paraventure swich was the statut tho -- But that the queene and other ladyes mo So longe preyeden the kyng of grace Til he his lyf hym graunted in the place, And yaf hym to the queene, al at hir wille, To chese wheither she wolde hym save or spille. The queene thanketh the kyng with al hir myght, And after this thus spak she to the knyght, Whan that she saugh hir tyme, upon a day: "Thou standest yet," quod she, "in swich a ray That of thy lyf yet hastow no suretee. I grante thee lyf, if thou kanst tellen me What thyng is it that wommen moost desiren. A The Canterbury Tales, The Wife of Bath's Tale B The Canterbury Tales, The Knight's Tale C The Canterbury Tales, The Pardone 's Tale D The Canterbury Tales, The Reeve's Tale