Quiz and answers.txt

Final Exam The art and science of beautifying and improving the skin, nails, and hair, and the study of cosmetics and their application is called? Cosmetology   What is one thing that is key to your success in the field of cosmetology, regardless of which career path you choose? Continuing to le...

Final Exam The art and science of beautifying and improving the skin, nails, and hair, and the study of cosmetics and their application is called? Cosmetology   What is one thing that is key to your success in the field of cosmetology, regardless of which career path you choose? Continuing to learn   Ensuring a successful career as a beauty professional begins by employing key learning tools while in school   Participating in continuing education allows you to stay current with new trends, information, techniques and skills.     The impression you project as a cosmetologist consists of your outward appearances, your behavior, your attitude, the way you interact with others, your communication skills and how your physically hold yourself. What is this called? Professional Image   An applied science concerned with designing and arranging things that people use to help those people and things interact most efficient and safely is known as Ergonomics   One measure that can be taken to prevent injury on the job is to hold implements so that the wrist is in a relatively Neutral position.     The most important communication you will have with your clients is a client consultation, which will help you to determine the clients needs and achieve the desired results.   Listening to the client and then repeating in your own words, what you think the client is telling you is known as reflective listening. OSHA stands for Occupational Safety and Health Administration. There are thousands of different kinds of bacteria, but they are classified into the following two primary typed Pathogenic and non-pathogenic. Short, rod-shaped bacteria that produce diseases such as tetanus, typhoid fever, tuberculosis, and diphtheria are called Bacilli The division of a bacterial cell into two new cells is called binary fission What is an example of a local infection? An Abscess The HIV virus is spread mainly through: Sharing needles by intravenous drug users. What are single-cell organisms that grow in irregular masses that include mold, mildews, and yeasts? Fungi The ability to destroy or resist infections is known as Immunity The study of the functions and activities performed by the bodies structures is called Physiology The watery fluid that surrounds the nucleus of the cell is the cytoplasm Collections of similar cells that perform a particular function are called tissues. What type of tissue protects and insulates the body? Adipose tissue What type of tissue carries messages to and from the brain and controls and coordinates all body functions? Nerve Structures of the body that perform specific functions are known as organs The skeletal system consists of Bones The cranium is made up of how many bones? Eight The light spongy bone between the eye socket is the ethmoid bone. The uppermost and largest bone of the arm is the Humerus Muscles represent about 40 to 50 percent of the bodys total weight The muscles that separate the fingers are called Abductors. Another name for the circulatory system is the cardiovascular system. The integumentary system consists of the skin sweat glands. What gland affects almost every physiologic process of the body? Pituitary The medical branch of science that deals with the study of the skin and its nature, structure, functions, diseases, and treatment is called? Dermatology The outermost layer of the skin is called the Epidermis. The clear layer of the epidermis that consists of small, transparent cells through which light can pass is called the Stratum Lucidum. The dermis is made up of two layers, which are the Papillary and Reticular. As we age, elastin fibers naturally weaken, causing a loss of Elasticity The principle functions of the skin are protection, sensation, heat regulation, excretion, secretion and absorption. What is the technical term for whiteheads? Closed comedones What is the technical term for excessive perspiration? Hyperhidrosis An Inflammatory, painful itching, disease of the skin, acute or chronic in nature, presenting many forms of lesions is known as eczema. Congenital absence of melanin pigment of the body is known as Albinism What is the technical term for birthmark? Nevus Shorter rays that stop penetration at the base of the epidermis are known as UVB What is the technical term for the natural nail? Onyx The nail unit consists of basic parts, which are the nail bed, matrix, nail plate, and cuticle, eponychium, perionychium, hyponychium, specialized ligaments, and nail folds. The end Portion of the nail plate that reached over the fingertip is called the free edge. The blood vessels that provide nourishment for growth of the nail are found in the nail bed. The dead tissue that tightly adheres to the natural nail plate is the cuticle. The skin that surrounds the nail plate is known as the nail fold. Depressions running across the width of the nail plate are known as Beau’s lines. Eggshell nails have a thin nail plate are noticeable more flexible than normal. The technical term for white spots or a whiteish discoloration of the nails is leukonychia. The general term for nail disease and deformity is onychosis Which of the following is classified as a parasite? Tinea Tinea Pedis is the medical term for fungal infection of feet Onychocryptosis is commonly called Ingrown nails. Onycholysis is the lifting of the nail The study of hair is known as Trichology The three main layers of the hair shaft are the Cuticle, cortex and medulla. The chemical bond that joins amino acids to each other is called the peptide bond. In the cortex, a side bond that is easily broken by strong alkaline or acidic solutions is called a salt. What place on the body would normally include vellus hair? Eyelids Canities is the technical term for Gray hair. Monilrythrix is the technical term for beaded hair. The number of individual hair strands on one square inch of the scalp indicates hair densitiy. Hair that forms a circular pattern is called a whorl What term refers to anything that occupies space, has physical and chemical properties and exists in a solid, liquid or gas form? Matter Substances that cannot be reduced to simpler substances are called elements. When two or more atoms are joined together chemically, a(n) Molecule is created. All matter exists in one of three different physical forms: solid, liquid and Gas What type of change occurs when ice melts and becomes water? Physical A mixture of two or more substances that are united with the aid of a binder is an emulsion. An insulator or nonconductor is a substance that does not early transmits electricity. What electrical term is abbreviated as AC? Alternating current. The term used for measuring the resistance of an electric current is ohm. Which apparatus conducts electric current from an electrotherapy device to the clients skin? Electrode. Thirty-five percent of natural sunlight is made up of visible light. The type of light blocked by the ozone layer is UVC LED is the abbreviated version of light-emitting diode, which is used in treatments to reduce acne increase skin circulation. The five basic elements of three-dimenstional hair design are line, form, space, design, texture and colour. Which type of line will soften a design? Curved Horizontal and vertical lines that meet at a 90 degree angle are called contrasting lines. What are the five art principles important for hair design? Proportion, Balance, rhythm, emphasis and harmony. To measure facial Symmetry, devide the face into four equal parts. When opposite sides of the hairstyle are different lengths or have a different volume it is known to have Asymmetrical balance. Which face shape is considered to be ideal? Oval Is it important to remember to maintain good posture when giving a shampoo. Water is called the universal solvent because it is capable of dissolving more substances than any other solvent. The main ingredient in most shampoos is water. A shampoo that is balanced to the ph of skin and hair or 4.5 to 5.5 is known as PH balanced. Which type of shampoo should be used to eliminate excessive buildup in the hair because it contains an active chelating agent that binds to metals and removes them from the hair before equalizing it?Clarifying. When manipulating the scalp during a shampoo, work in a back and forth movement beginning at the front hairline. Haircutting serves as the foundation for all other hair designs. The two basic lines used in haircutting are straight and curved. The angle or degree at which a subsection of hair is held or elevated from the head when cutting is called elevation When elevating the hair at 90 degress or higher you are adding weight. The direction in which the hair grows from the scalp is called the growth pattern. What implement is used to create clean lines around the perimeter of a short taper? Sciccors Layers create movement and volume in the hair by releasing weight. Always make consistent and clean partings to ensure an even amount of hair in each subsection and produce more precise results. When cross checking a haircut, always use partings opposite to those when use when cutting. What is the process of removing excess bulk without shortening the length? Texturizing Cutting with the points of the sheers to create texture in the hair, ends is known as notching or pointing cutting. What is the art of shaping and directing the hair into a pattern of S-shaped waves through the use of the fingers, combs and waving lotion? Finger waving What is the stationary, or non-moving foundation of the pin curl? In the area closest to the scalp? Base What type of pin curl permits the greatest amount of movement? Full stem curl Another name for carved curls is sculpted curls. For full volume, place the roller directly on the base Backcombing is also known as teasing, matting or French lacing Coarse hair has the greatest diameter Throughout history, braiding styles have been used to distinguish one’s tribe and social status Hair is referred to as natural or virgin if it has no previous chemical services. What is a string fiber that comes from the domestic ox found in the mountains of Tibet and central area? Yak When testing human hair by burning, the hair will burn slowly and with distinctive odor. Kanekalon is a top of the line synthetic fiber, which simulates protein rich hair with a natural, lustrous look and feel, and is particularly strong and durable. What type of hair piece is worn by both men and women and maybe applied semi permanently with adhesive that sticks to the scalp? Toupees Chemical bonds that join amino acids together to form polypeptide chains are peptide bonds. The chemical action of waving lotion breaks the disulfide bonds through a chemical reaction called reduction. A properly processed permanent wave should break and rebuild approximately 50 percent of the hairs disulfide bonds. Neutralization rebuilds disulfide bonds that were broken by the waving solution Always rinse perm solution from the hair for at least five minutes before applying the neutralizer. The neutralization rebuilds the disulfide bonds by removing the hydrogen that was added by the permanent waving solution For on base placement the hair is wrapped 45 degrees beyond perpendicular to its base section, and the rod is positioned on its base. Metallic salts leave a coating on the hair that may cause uneven curls, severe discoloration, or hair breakage. The most common type of chemical hair relaxers are ammonium thio, guideline hydroxide, and sodium hydroxide. Sodium hydroxide relaxers are commonly called lye relaxers The scalp and skin are protected from possible burns when using a base hair relaxer by applying base cream. What product is used to restore the hair to a normal acidic ph? Normalizing shampoo. One safety precaution for hair relaxing is to avoid scratching the scalp with the comb or fingers The ability of the hair to absorb moisture is known as porosity, The melanin that gives black and brown color to hair is known as Eumelanin The melanin found in red hair is known as pheomelanin. Which of the following are considered the pure or fundamental colors (red, yellow, and blue) that cannot be created by combining other colors? Primary The strength of a color is referred to as intensity Which type of hair color product uses the largest pigment molecules? Temporary Coloured mousses and gels are included in which hair color category? Temporary What is the most commonly used developer in hair color?  Hydrogen Peroxide The U.S Federal Food, Drug and cosmetic Act prescribes that a patch test, also called a(n) Predisposition test, be given 24 to 48 hours prior to an application of aniline hair color. Porous hair of the same color level will lighten faster than hair that is nonporous, because the lightening agent can enter the cortex more rapidly. The technique of coloring strength of hair darker than the natural color is called reverse highlighting or lowlighting The process of treating gray or very resistant hair to allow for better penetration of color is known as pre-softening. One safety precaution in hair coloring is to never apply tint if abrasions are present. a patch test is generally conducted behind the ear or on the inside of the elbow what cosmetic is used to provide a base for color harmony, even out the skin color, conceal minor imperfections, and protect the skin? Foundation Makeup products should be removed from containers with a spatula The important test-taking strategy is to know the material What type of salon features management and marketing professionals at the corporate headquarters making all the decisions for each salon, such as size, décor, hours, services, prices, advertising and profit target? Independent salon What should be the primary focus of your resume? Achievements and accomplishments Which item should be included in your employment portfolio? Before and after photos Which question can legally be asked at a job interview? Are you physically able to perform this job What should be included in a job description? Duties and responsibilities Compensations with base pay and percentage of sales is called salary plus commission Not repaying a loan is called defaulting When planning to open a salon, one of the most important consideration is location When opening a new salon, your business plan should include projected income and expenses for up to five years. The best form of advertising is through satisfied clients Supplies that are sold to the clients are known as retail supplies.     Perm lotion application and processing 1.      Drape- Plastic towel/ Cape/Towel 2.      Barrier Cream & cotton around hairline 3.      Start in resistant area or crown 4.      Applied to top/centre of each rod, all rods evenly saturated 5.      No fire hosing- short pause between rods 6.      Change cotton and towel 7.      Place bag over rods 8.      Set timer according to manufacturers instructions 9.      Rinse minimum of 5 minutes and towel blot excess moisture 10.   Neutralize for no more than 5 minutes Mens fade haircut 1.      Clean perimeter 2.      NO hair at nape 3.      Temporal region 4.      Temporal parietal connected 5.      Parietal crown connected 6.      Occipital nape connected 7.      No hair on neck 8.      Ears groomed 9.      Proper use of tools 10.   Consistent perimeter