Quiz 2 Study Guide.pdf

Songs: Hold On/Eyes on the Prize - Odetta Strange Fruit - Billie Holiday Important People: Thomas Shipp - Lynching victim: August, 1930 Abram Smith - Lynching victim: August, 1930 Abel Meeropol - poet and composer of Strange Fruit ​ Child of Ukrainian Jewish Immigrants ​ Anti-racist work...

Songs: Hold On/Eyes on the Prize - Odetta Strange Fruit - Billie Holiday Important People: Thomas Shipp - Lynching victim: August, 1930 Abram Smith - Lynching victim: August, 1930 Abel Meeropol - poet and composer of Strange Fruit ​ Child of Ukrainian Jewish Immigrants ​ Anti-racist work ​ English Teacher Billie Holiday - singer ​ Single Handedly made Strange Fruit a well known song ​ Specific performance style - all focus on her Reconstruction Amendments to the Constitution: ​ 13th Amendment - ends slavery ​ 14th Amendment - birthright citizenship and equal protection ​ 15th Amendment - right to vote for all men Jim Crow Laws that created segregated spaces (transportation, public spaces, restaurants) finds grounding in the 1896 Supreme Court Case - Plessy v. Ferguson​ - state laws requiring separation of the races are constitutional as long as equal accommodations are made for Black Americans; thus establishing the "separate but equal" doctrine that justified legal segregation in the South. Important Dates: 1896 - Plessy v. Ferguson - separate but equal 1930 - Lynching of Thomas Shipp and Abram Smith in Marion, Indiana 1939 - Billie Holiday records Strange Fruit 1960 - Lunch Counter Sit Ins 1961 - Freedom Riders Music As a Response to Racial Violence: Hold On/Eyes on the Prize ​ Rooted in the Negro Spiritual of the same/similar name - Hold On/Hand on the Plow ​ Found its way into American Folk traditions ​ Used often in the 1960s as a civil rights anthem (another word for song) ○​ Freedom Rides - riders attacked ○​ Sit-in demonstrations - non-violent protesters assaulted Strange Fruit ​ Deeply connected to Lynchings ​ Written just after the Great Depression and the Great Migration From the reading in 33 Revolutions per Minute:​ ​ Unlike previous protest songs - this did not belong to the masses. It belonged to one woman. People did not “sing along” ​ Nina Simone: “That is about the ugliest song I have ever heard…ugly in the sense that it is violent and tears at the guts of what white people have done to my people in this country.” ​ It did not stir the blood; it chilled it. ​ This was a modern use of art as a form of protest