Question EN.docx

Question 1: What is the main role of sensors in an IoT system? a\) Store data b\) Analyze the data c\) Measuring physical parameters and collecting data d\) Send data directly to users Answer: c) Measuring physical parameters and collecting data Question 2: Which of the following protocols i...

Question 1: What is the main role of sensors in an IoT system? a\) Store data b\) Analyze the data c\) Measuring physical parameters and collecting data d\) Send data directly to users Answer: c) Measuring physical parameters and collecting data Question 2: Which of the following protocols is specifically designed for low-power communications in home networks? a\) Wi-Fi b\) ZigBee c\) Bluetooth d\) Ethernet Answer: b) ZigBee Question 3: Which lightweight messaging protocol is often used in IoT environments for machine-to-machine (M2M) communication? a\) HTTP \(b) FTP \(c) MQTT \(d) SMTP Answer: c) MQTT Question 4: What major advantage does the LPWAN protocol, such as LoRa, bring to an IoT environment? a\) High energy consumption b\) Low latency c\) Long range and low power consumption d\) High bandwidth Answer: c) Long range and low power consumption Question 5: The TCP/IP protocol is essential in IoT because it allows: a\) Secure communications via SSL/TLS b\) To transfer large files c\) To ensure the routing of data through different networks d\) Manage the power supply of connected objects Answer: c) To ensure the routing of data through different networks Question 6: What is the main feature of LoRa (Long Range) technology in IoT networks? a\) High energy consumption b\) Long range with low power consumption c\) High data transmission rate d\) Exclusive use in cellular networks Answer: b) Long range with low power consumption Question 7: How does network segmentation contribute to the security of an enterprise network? a\) Reducing bandwidth consumption b\) By isolating different network segments, it limits the spread of threats and potential attacks between subnets c\) Increasing the speed of wireless connections d\) Simplifying IP address management Answer: b) By isolating the different network segments, it limits the spread of threats and potential attacks between subnets Question 8: What is the main difference between NB-IoT and LTE-M in terms of network performance? a\) NB-IoT offers higher throughput than LTE-M b\) LTE-M has lower latency and supports mobility c\) NB-IoT consumes more power than LTE-M d\) LTE-M is only used for private networks Answer: b) LTE-M has lower latency and supports mobility Question 9: Why is NB-IoT considered ideal for smart meters and environmental monitoring? a\) It allows for fast and real-time connections b\) It consumes very little power and has a long range c\) It uses high bandwidth d\) It requires a complex network infrastructure Answer: b) It consumes very little power and has a long range Question 10: What major advantage does LTE-M offer over NB-IoT? \(a) Improved coverage in rural areas b\) Higher speeds and support for voice communications c\) Longer battery life d\) Less radio interference Answer: b) Higher speeds and support for voice communications Question 11: What communication model does MQTT use to exchange messages between IoT devices? a\) Client-Server b\) Peer-to-Peer c\) Publish/Subscribe \(d) Broadcast Answer: c) Publish/Subscribe Question 12: In MQTT, what is the role of a broker? a\) Manage device network connections b\) Store IoT data c\) Route messages between publishers and subscribers d\) Control the power supply of connected objects Answer: c) Route messages between publishers and subscribers Question 13: What level of Quality of Service (QoS) in MQTT ensures that each message is delivered exactly once? a\) QoS 0 b\) QoS 1 c\) QoS 2 \(d) QoS 3 Answer: c) QoS 2 Question 14: What is the primary role of a network switch? a\) Convert analog signals to digital b\) Connect multiple devices on a local network and route data based on MAC addresses c\) Linking different networks by translating communication protocols d\) Extend the range of a network signal Answer: b) Connect multiple devices on a local network and route data based on MAC addresses Question 15: What function does a network bridge perform in a network infrastructure? a\) Connect and filter traffic between two network segments b\) Amplify a network signal to cover a greater distance c\) Convert MAC addresses to IP addresses d\) Provide a unique IP address to all connected devices Answer: a) Connect and filter traffic between two network segments Question 16: When would a network repeater be used? a\) To connect two separate networks b\) To extend the range of a network signal by amplifying it c\) To manage routing between different subnets d\) To secure network communications with a built-in firewall Answer: b) To extend the range of a network signal by amplifying it Question 17: What is the main difference between a Layer 2 switch and a Layer 3 switch? a\) A Layer 3 switch can perform routing between subnets in addition to MAC address-based switching b\) A Layer 2 switch can handle IP protocols, while a Layer 3 switch cannot. c\) A Layer 2 switch is used for WANs, while a Layer 3 switch is used for LANs d\) A Layer 3 switch is used exclusively for network virtualization Answer: a) A Layer 3 switch can perform routing between subnets in addition to MAC address-based switching Question 18: What network equipment is specifically designed to route data packets between different networks using IP addresses? a\) Switch b\) Router c\) Bridge d\) Repeater Answer: b) Router Question 19: What is a network gateway? a\) A device that allows communication between two networks using different protocols b\) A device that amplifies a signal to cover a greater distance c\) A device that connects multiple devices in a local area network d\) A device that filters network traffic between two network segments Answer: a) A device that allows communication between two networks using different protocols Question 20: In a corporate network, what role does a router play in the main way? a\) Switching data between locally connected devices b\) Extend the Wi-Fi signal in a building c\) Routing data packets between different networks or subnets d\) Filter data packets based on MAC addresses Answer: c) Route data packets between different networks or subnets Question 21: Which network equipment combines routing and switching functionality? a\) Level 2 switch b\) Level 3 switch c\) Repeater d\) Bridge Answer: b) Level 3 switch Question 22: What type of equipment is used to isolate traffic between two network segments while allowing them to communicate if necessary? a\) Router b\) Tier 2 switch c\) Gateway d\) Bridge Answer: d) Bridge Question 23: What are the benefits of using a Layer 3 switch in an enterprise network? a\) Reduced infrastructure costs b\) Ability to segment the network into subnets and manage routing between them c\) Increasing the range of the wireless network d\) Improved security by filtering packets at the top layers of the OSI model Answer: b) Ability to segment the network into subnets and manage routing between them Question 24: What specific role does an RJ-45 connector play in an Ethernet network, and how can its cabling affect network performance? a\) It allows the physical connection of Ethernet cables to network devices, and incorrect cabling can lead to packet loss or electromagnetic interference b\) It connects wireless devices to a wired network, and improper installation can cause Wi-Fi signal degradation c\) It is used for remote management of network devices, and misconfiguration can limit administrative access d\) It ensures the transmission of power supply via PoE, and faulty wiring can overload the power grid Answer: a) It allows the physical connection of Ethernet cables to network devices, and incorrect cabling can lead to packet loss or electromagnetic interference Question 25: What is the primary use of a console port on a router or switch? a\) Connect USB devices for file transfer b\) Configure and manage the device via a direct serial connection c\) Provide a wireless Internet connection d\) Extend the network signal over long distances Answer: b) Configure and manage the device via a direct serial connection Question 26: What is the main advantage of using VLANs in a corporate network? a\) Reduce the power consumption of network devices b\) Enable logical isolation of network traffic within a single switch to improve security and efficiency c\) Increasing the range of the wireless network d\) Facilitate the connection of Bluetooth devices Answer: b) Enable logical isolation of network traffic within a single switch to improve security and efficiency Question 27: How do VLANs help segment a network? a\) By assigning fixed IP addresses to each device b\) By physically separating devices in different subnets c\) Creating separate logical networks on the same physical network equipment, based on criteria such as department or user function d\) Increasing the bandwidth available to each user Answer: c) Creating separate logical networks on the same physical network equipment, based on criteria such as department or user function Question 28: When configuring VLANs on a switch, what is the potential impact of VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) on the configurations of other switches on the network? a\) VTP synchronizes VLAN configurations between switches, which can lead to the unintentional deletion of VLANs on other switches if misconfiguration is propagated b\) VTP isolates each switch, preventing VLAN communication between them, even if they are in the same domain c\) VTP increases security by encrypting VLAN communications between switches d\) VTP automatically creates backup VLANs in case of network outage Answer: a) VTP synchronizes VLAN configurations between switches, which can lead to the unintentional deletion of VLANs on other switches if a misconfiguration is propagated Question 29: In a multi-VLAN environment, how does a switch determine which VLAN should be transmitted a packet over when it receives an untagged frame (VLAN) on a port configured in trunk mode? a\) The switch automatically assigns the frame to a random VLAN b\) The switch rejects the frame since it does not have a VLAN label c\) The switch assigns the frame to the native VLAN configured on this trunk port d\) The switch creates a temporary VLAN to process the frame Answer: c) The switch assigns the frame to the native VLAN configured on that trunk port Question 30: What problem can arise if two different VLANs are configured with the same identifier (ID) on separate switches in a network that uses VTP in server-client mode? a\) VLANs with the same ID on different switches will automatically merge, which could cause configuration conflicts b\) The switches will no longer be able to communicate with each other, blocking all inter-VLAN traffic c\) VTP will propagate the VLAN ID across the entire network, overwriting existing configurations, which can lead to confusion in traffic routing d\) VLANs with the same ID will be ignored by the switch, which will prevent any traffic from passing through them Answer: c) VTP will propagate the VLAN ID across the entire network, overwriting existing configurations, which can lead to confusion in traffic routing Question 31: What is the main difference between NFC and RFID technologies in terms of communication range? a\) NFC has a longer range than RFID b\) RFID has a much longer communication range than NFC c\) NFC and RFID have the same communication range d\) NFC is limited to proximity communications, while RFID can operate over much longer distances Answer: d) NFC is limited to proximity communications, while RFID can operate over much longer distances Question 32: How does the frequency modulation used in Bluetooth affect the robustness of communications in a noisy environment? a\) Bluetooth uses amplitude modulation, which makes it more susceptible to electromagnetic interference b\) Bluetooth uses frequency hopping to reduce interference and improve robustness in noisy environments c\) Bluetooth uses fixed modulation, making it vulnerable to interference d\) Bluetooth does not change the frequency of its transmissions, which increases latency but reduces communication errors Answer: b) Bluetooth uses frequency hopping to reduce interference and improve robustness in noisy environments Question 33: How does Wi-Fi 6 (802.11ax) improve the performance of wireless networks compared to previous versions of Wi-Fi? a\) It offers lower bandwidth but better coverage b\) It introduces MU-MIMO technology to allow multiple devices to communicate simultaneously with an access point \(c) It uses frequencies exclusively in the 60 GHz band to avoid interference d\) It reduces the power consumption of connected devices by automatically disabling unused antennas Answer: b) It introduces MU-MIMO technology to allow multiple devices to communicate simultaneously with an access point Question 34: What is the main advantage of WiMAX technology over Wi-Fi in wireless communication networks? a\) WiMAX offers network coverage over very short distances only b\) WiMAX is designed to provide broadband access over long distances, up to several kilometres c\) WiMAX only supports very low speeds, unlike Wi-Fi d\) WiMAX is used exclusively for point-to-point communications Answer: b) WiMAX is designed to provide broadband access over long distances, up to several kilometres Question 35: How does 5G differ from previous cellular network technologies in terms of latency and capacity? a\) 5G offers higher latency than 4G but with increased capacity b\) 5G significantly reduces latency compared to 4G, while providing massively increased connection capacity for IoT devices c\) 5G uses the same bandwidth as 4G but offers a greater range d\) 5G completely eliminates latencies in network communications Answer: b) 5G significantly reduces latency compared to 4G, while providing massively increased connection capacity for IoT devices Question 36: Which application scenario is best suited for the use of RFID technology? a\) Fast transfer of large files between two smartphones b\) Tracking and managing inventory in a warehouse c\) High-definition video streaming over a wireless network d\) Near Field Communication for Mobile Payment Answer: b) Tracking and managing inventory in a warehouse Question 37: Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for encapsulating data into packets? a\) Physical Layer b\) Network Layer c\) Transport layer d\) Application layer Answer: b) Network Layer Question 38: Which layer of the OSI model does HTTP belong to? a\) Network Layer b\) Session Layer c\) Application Layer d\) Transport layer Answer: c) Application Layer Question 39: What is the main function of the session layer in the OSI model, and how does it differ from the transport layer? a\) The session layer handles data segmentation, while the transport layer handles session synchronization b\) The session layer establishes, manages, and terminates communication sessions, while the transport layer ensures reliable data transmission c\) The session layer encodes the data, while the transport layer handles the network connections d\) The session layer is responsible for routing packets, while the transport layer ensures that packets are delivered in order Answer: b) The session layer establishes, manages, and terminates communication sessions, while the transport layer ensures reliable data transmission Question 40: How can the presentation layer of the OSI model influence the security of network communications? a\) Establishing secure connections between network devices b\) Managing the encryption and decryption of data to protect its content c\) Ensuring that data packets arrive in the correct order \(d) Determining the safest routes for transporting packets Answer: b) Managing the encryption and decryption of data to protect its content Question 41: In the OSI model, which layer is responsible for detecting and correcting errors during data transmission, and how does this layer interact with the other layers? a\) The Physical Layer detects and corrects the errors and then sends them to the Network Layer for routing b\) The Network Layer corrects errors before sending the data to the Transport Layer c\) The Data Link Layer detects and corrects errors before forwarding frames to the Network Layer d\) The Transport layer corrects the errors and sends them directly to the Application layer Answer: c) The Data Link Layer detects and corrects errors before forwarding frames to the Network Layer Question 42: What role does a core router play in a corporate or carrier network infrastructure? a\) It connects the end devices to the local network b\) It manages the routing of traffic between different segments of the company\'s or an operator\'s network and ensures fast and reliable connectivity between the different subnets c\) It extends the range of the Wi-Fi network in a building d\) It translates private IP addresses into public IP addresses Answer: b) It manages the routing of traffic between different segments of the company\'s or an operator\'s network and ensures fast and reliable connectivity between the different subnets Question 43: In a gathering network, what type of device is typically used to aggregate traffic from edge nodes before sending it to the core network? a\) Wi-Fi access point b\) Aggregation switch c\) DSL modem d\) Repeater Answer: b) Aggregation switch Question 44: How does backhaul network equipment influence the overall performance of the network, especially in a high-speed environment like 5G or fiber? a\) They simply amplify the signal without affecting latency or bandwidth b\) They play a key role in aggregating data from multiple sources, optimizing bandwidth and minimizing latency before traffic reaches the core network c\) They filter all incoming traffic for viruses and malware d\) They are responsible for managing the IP addresses of the end devices Answer: b) They play a key role in aggregating data from multiple sources, optimizing bandwidth and minimizing latency before traffic reaches the core network Question 45: Besides the expansion of address space, what other critical feature of IPv6 is designed to improve routing efficiency compared to IPv4? a\) Native multicast support to reduce network congestion b\) The mandatory integration of DHCP for better address management c\) The ability to fragment packets directly at the routers to optimize bandwidth d\) The use of classful addressing for better address allocation Answer: a) Native multicast support to reduce network congestion Question 46: In an IPv6 address, how is the \"double colon\" (::) format used, and what are the restrictions associated with its use? a\) It is used to represent consecutive zeros in an address, but can only appear once per address to avoid ambiguity about the length of the omitted segments b\) It is used to separate the blocks of the address into two equal parts, but only in global unicast addresses c\) It is used to represent a special local address, but can only be used in private networks d\) It is used to split the address into multiple segments, but only for multicast addresses Answer: a) It is used to represent consecutive zeros in an address, but can only appear once per address to avoid ambiguity about the length of the omitted segments Question 47: How do you determine how many subnets and hosts are available in a given IP address after subnetting? a\) By dividing the total number of available IP addresses by the size of the subnet mask b\) Calculating the number of bits borrowed for the subnets and using 2\^n for the subnets and (2\^m - 2) for the hosts, where n is the number of bits borrowed and m is the number of bits remaining for the hosts c\) By subtracting the network address from the broadcast address d\) By adding the number of bits reserved for subnets and hosts Answer: b) By calculating the number of bits borrowed for the subnets and using 2\^n for the subnets and (2\^m - 2) for the hosts, where n is the number of bits borrowed and m is the number of bits remaining for the hosts Question 48: If you have a Class C IP address with a default subnet mask (255.255.255.0), how many additional subnets can you create using a subnet mask of 255.255.255.224, and how many hosts per subnet will be available? a\) 4 additional subnets, with 62 hosts per subnet b\) 6 additional subnets, with 30 hosts per subnet c\) 8 additional subnets, with 32 hosts per subnet d\) 16 additional subnets, with 14 hosts per subnet Answer: b) 6 additional subnets, with 30 hosts per subnet Question 49: What is the broadcast address of the subnet for an IP address 192.168.1.10 with a subnet mask 255.255.255.240? \(a) 192.168.1.15 \(b) 192.168.1.31 \(c) 192.168.1.255 \(d) 192.168.1.1 Answer: a) 192.168.1.15 Question 50: What is the key difference between an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) and an Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) in terms of responding to identified threats in a network? a\) An IDS monitors network traffic and alerts administrators when a threat is detected, while an IPS can not only detect but also automatically block malicious traffic in real-time b\) An IDS actively blocks threats, while an IPS simply records them for later analysis c\) An IDS is used for monitoring web applications, while an IPS focuses on physical layer traffic d\) An IDS encrypts network traffic, while an IPS decrypts it Answer: a) An IDS monitors network traffic and alerts administrators when a threat is detected, while an IPS can not only detect but also automatically block malicious traffic in real-time Question 51: How can an IPS use the signature-based detection method to prevent intrusions, and what are the limitations of this approach? a\) IPS compares network traffic with a database of known threat signatures to block intrusions, but this method may be ineffective against zero-day attacks or polymorphic threats that do not match existing signatures b\) IPS monitors user behavior to identify anomalies, but it can generate many false positives c\) The IPS parses packet headers only, making it vulnerable to attacks hidden in the packet payload d\) IPS uses machine learning to adapt signatures, but this increases the processing load and can slow down the network Answer: a) IPS compares network traffic with a database of known threat signatures to block intrusions, but this method may be ineffective against zero-day attacks or polymorphic threats that do not match existing signatures Question 52: In what scenario would a host-based IDS (HIDS) be more beneficial than a network-based IDS (NIDS), and what are the challenges associated with implementing a HIDS? a\) A HIDS is more effective at detecting insider attacks targeting specific applications on a server, but it can consume significant system resources, which could affect the performance of the monitored server b\) A HIDS is faster to deploy because it doesn\'t need network configuration, but it can\'t monitor encrypted traffic c\) A HIDS offers better protection against DDoS attacks, but it is limited by network bandwidth d\) A HIDS can monitor multiple network segments simultaneously, but it requires a dedicated hardware infrastructure Answer: a) A HIDS is more effective at detecting insider attacks targeting specific applications on a server, but it can consume significant system resources, which could affect the performance of the monitored server Question 53: In a network architecture using a DMZ, what is the advantage of placing publicly exposed servers (such as web or email servers) in the DMZ rather than in the internal network? a\) It helps reduce latency between the server and end users b\) It completely prevents attacks from the Internet c\) It isolates exposed servers, limiting direct access to the internal network in the event of a compromise of those servers, and thus reducing the risks to internal critical systems d\) This allows servers to communicate more quickly with each other without going through a firewall Answer: c) This isolates exposed servers, limiting direct access to the internal network in the event of a compromise of those servers, and thus reducing the risk to internal critical systems Question 54: What major challenge could arise when implementing a DMZ in a corporate network with regard to the management of internal and external traffic flows? a\) The configuration of a DMZ requires the use of proprietary network protocols, which complicates interoperability with existing equipment b\) Managing firewall and routing rules can become complex, requiring a careful balance between security (by limiting connections) and functionality (by allowing sufficient access to services located in the DMZ) c\) Devices in the DMZ cannot be updated regularly, increasing the risk of vulnerabilities d\) The DMZ prevents the use of cloud services, which limits the expansion of the company\'s network capabilities Answer: b) Managing firewall and routing rules can become complex, requiring a careful balance between security (by limiting connections) and functionality (by allowing sufficient access to services located in the DMZ) Question 55: What is the main difference between a stateless firewall and a stateful firewall in terms of packet processing? a\) A stateless firewall only inspects packet headers without worrying about the connection status, while a stateful firewall monitors connection status and can make decisions based on packet history b\) A stateless firewall blocks all incoming packets, while a stateful firewall only allows outbound traffic c\) A stateless firewall encrypts packets, while a stateful firewall decrypts packets d\) A stateless firewall uses deep packet analysis, while a stateful firewall only inspects IP addresses Answer: a) A stateless firewall only inspects packet headers without worrying about the status of the connection, while a stateful firewall monitors the status of connections and can make decisions based on packet history Question 56: How does a Web Application Firewall (WAF) differ from a traditional firewall in its core function? a\) A WAF primarily protects against network threats like DDoS attacks, while a traditional firewall focuses on preventing physical intrusions b\) A WAF is specifically designed to protect web applications from threats like SQL injections and XSS attacks, while a traditional firewall filters network traffic based on IP addresses and ports c\) A WAF only controls incoming emails, while a traditional firewall analyzes all network traffic d\) A WAF encrypts all web communications, while a traditional firewall does not take care of encryption Answer: b) A WAF is specifically designed to protect web applications from threats like SQL injections and XSS attacks, while a traditional firewall filters network traffic based on IP addresses and ports Question 57: What role does a proxy firewall play in managing network traffic, and how does it differ from other types of firewalls? a\) A proxy firewall analyzes and filters network traffic by acting as an intermediary between users and servers, while other firewalls block or allow rule-based packets without directly interacting with the content of communications b\) One proxy firewall only blocks signature-based attacks, while other firewalls use behavioral analysis c\) A proxy firewall automatically encrypts all network traffic, while other firewalls cannot encrypt d\) A proxy firewall can only work with specific applications, while other firewalls can work with any type of network traffic Answer: a) A proxy firewall analyzes and filters network traffic by acting as an intermediary between users and servers, while other firewalls block or allow rule-based packets without directly interacting with the content of communications Question 58: When would a stateful firewall be more advantageous than a stateless firewall? a\) When managing high-throughput data streams requiring rapid analysis without deep inspection b\) When handling connections that require state tracking to secure complex TCP sessions, such as HTTPS connections c\) When inspecting packet headers for real-time application d\) When protecting against web application-specific attacks Answer: b) When handling connections that require state tracking to secure complex TCP sessions, such as HTTPS connections Question 59: In an advanced network architecture, why is it recommended to use double-homed firewalls for the protection of a DMZ, and what are the associated risks if this strategy is not properly implemented? a\) Dual-level firewalls allow granular control of traffic in and out of the DMZ by filtering at two levels, but misconfiguration can create insecure bypass routes between the internal network and the DMZ, compromising the overall security of the network. b\) They allow continuous packet monitoring, but this increases latency and can slow down the response time of services in the DMZ. c\) They reduce the load on the DMZ servers by filtering traffic at the edge, but poor configuration can lead to IP addressing conflicts. d\) They completely prevent denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks by blocking all large traffic, but if they fail, the entire network becomes inaccessible. Answer: a) Dual-level firewalls allow granular control of traffic entering and exiting the DMZ by filtering at two levels, but misconfiguration can create insecure bypass routes between the internal network and the DMZ, compromising the overall security of the network. Question 60: What is one of the best practices for physically securing ports on switches in a corporate network? a\) Configure passwordless access to simplify management b\) Disable unused ports and implement secure port mapping to limit connections to authorized devices only c\) To provide access to all ports to facilitate the addition of new devices d\) Use short cables to reduce interference Answer: b) Disable unused ports and implement secure port mapping to limit connections to authorized devices only Question 61: What technique can be used to protect a network from ARP cache poisoning attacks? a\) Configure switches to automatically disable unknown MAC addresses b\) Use static IP and MAC address mapping in ARP tables and enable spoofing protection on switches c\) Limit bandwidth on network segments to reduce the impact of attacks d\) Install physical firewalls between each network segment Answer: b) Use static mapping of IP and MAC addresses in ARP tables and enable spoofing protection on switches