Question Bank Protection PDF

Complete 1- Pest is an insect or small animal that harms or destroy garden plants 2- migrant pests are highly mobile and can infest crops for short period of time. 3- Secondary pests: these pests have the potential to cause serious damage, but they are usually under adequate control by natural en...

Complete 1- Pest is an insect or small animal that harms or destroy garden plants 2- migrant pests are highly mobile and can infest crops for short period of time. 3- Secondary pests: these pests have the potential to cause serious damage, but they are usually under adequate control by natural enemies. 4- The factors that modify the status of a pest include crop ,plant growth, pest density , pest category ,environmental condition , time 5- IPM means Integrated Pest Management 6- INM means Integrated Nutrient Management 7- IPM is an ecosystem-based strategy that focuses on long-term prevention of pests or their damage through a combination of techniques such as biological control 8- Occasional pests: these pests are not always present, but can occur as problem from time to time, like pests that are mobile or die out at the end of the season. The ideal environmental conditions do not occur frequently 9- Ecosystem means a dynamic complex of plant, animal and micro- organism communities 10- ecosystem approach is strategy for the integrated management of land, water and living resources 11-The insects often have a mutualistic relationship with ants, which feed on the honeydew and protect them from predators. 12-The aphelinid ectoparasitoid, The endoparasitoid Pteroptrix, and coccinelid Chilocorus bipustulatus are biological control method for scale insects. 13-Thrips are minute ranged in length 1 – 2mm, slender insects with fringed wings and unique asymmetrical mouthparts 4-Adult thrips use their sucking mouthparts to feed on the tender, light-green leaves, causing sunken purplish-red spots. 5-whiteflies' natural predators are ladybugs. 6-Incubation period of whiteflies ranged 5-11 days. 7- Egyptian cotton leaf worm target leaves 8- Palm weevil target trunk 9- The origin of palm weevil in Asia 10- Color of cricket is dark brown 11) Plant parasitic nematodes all have stylets that penetrate cells and withdraw the contents 12) Nematodes may be grouped by feeding habits according to its mobility to sedentary and migratory 13) Lesion nematodes are migratory and endoparasitic but ring nematodes are sedentary and ectoparasitic 14) Cyst and ring nematodes both are sedentary but cyst are semi Endo parasitic but ring are ectoparasitic 15) Endoparasitic entire body inside the root but ectoparasitic entire body outside the root 16) Nematodes divided into microbial feeder, plant parasitic, animal parasitic, human parasitic and insect parasitic 17) Nematode Foliar damage symptoms include premature wilting, leaf yellowing, and plant stunning 18) Galled Roots, Stunted Roots, Swollen Root Tips, Root Lesions, Increase in Lateral Roots are the root damage symptoms that are caused by nematode 19) The peanut root-knot nematode is the most damaging nematode pest on the peanut crop 20) The nematode affects peanuts through reducing plant growth, hence pod development 21) The ‘potato rot’ nematode causes accelerated tuber rotting 4-Adult thrips use their sucking mouthparts to feed on the tender, light-green leaves, causing sunken purplish-red spots. 5-whiteflies' natural predators are ladybugs. 6-Incubation period of whiteflies ranged 5-11 days. 7- Egyptian cotton leaf worm target leaves 8- Palm weevil target trunk 9- The origin of palm weevil in Asia 10- Color of cricket is dark brown 11) Plant parasitic nematodes all have stylets that penetrate cells and withdraw the contents 12) Nematodes may be grouped by feeding habits according to its mobility to sedentary and migratory 13) Lesion nematodes are migratory and endoparasitic but ring nematodes are sedentary and ectoparasitic 14) Cyst and ring nematodes both are sedentary but cyst are semi Endo parasitic but ring are ectoparasitic 15) Endoparasitic entire body inside the root but ectoparasitic entire body outside the root 16) Nematodes divided into microbial feeder, plant parasitic, animal parasitic, human parasitic and insect parasitic 7) Nematode Foliar damage symptoms include premature wilting, leaf yellowing, and plant stunning 18) Galled Roots, Stunted Roots, Swollen Root Tips, Root Lesions, Increase in Lateral Roots are the root damage symptoms that are caused by nematode 19) The peanut root-knot nematode is the most damaging nematode pest on the peanut crop 20) The nematode affects peanuts through reducing plant growth, hence pod development 21) The ‘potato rot’ nematode causes accelerated tuber rotting 4-Adult thrips use their sucking mouthparts to feed on the tender, light-green leaves, causing sunken purplish-red spots. 5-whiteflies' natural predators are ladybugs. 6-Incubation period of whiteflies ranged 5-11 days. 7- Egyptian cotton leaf worm target leaves 8- Palm weevil target trunk 9- The origin of palm weevil in Asia 10- Color of cricket is dark brown 11) Plant parasitic nematodes all have stylets that penetrate cells and withdraw the contents 12) Nematodes may be grouped by feeding habits according to its mobility to sedentary and migratory 13) Lesion nematodes are migratory and endoparasitic but ring nematodes are sedentary and ectoparasitic 14) Cyst and ring nematodes both are sedentary but cyst are semi Endo parasitic but ring are ectoparasitic 15) Endoparasitic entire body inside the root but ectoparasitic entire body outside the root 16) Nematodes divided into microbial feeder, plant parasitic, animal parasitic, human parasitic and insect parasitic 7) Nematode Foliar damage symptoms include premature wilting, leaf yellowing, and plant stunning 18) Galled Roots, Stunted Roots, Swollen Root Tips, Root Lesions, Increase in Lateral Roots are the root damage symptoms that are caused by nematode 19) The peanut root-knot nematode is the most damaging nematode pest on the peanut crop 20) The nematode affects peanuts through reducing plant growth, hence pod development 21) The ‘potato rot’ nematode causes accelerated tuber rotting 22- Snails and slugs habitat is ….. (aquatic- terrestrial- both) Answer: The economic damage of Mealybug? 1- The trees are partially defoliated and the crop may be reduced by 50% or more. 2- The excreted honeydew is colonized by sooty mold that covers the leaves of heavily infested trees and interferes with photosynthesis. 3- The honeydew may be gathered by ants that hamper pest control by its many natural enemies. Talk about Aphis nerii 1- The aphid is widespread especially in the Mediterranean region. 2- Aphid has a wide range of hosts, mainly on citrus, plants of families Compositae and Convolvulaceae. 3- Aphids can act as a vector of viruses. 4-The damage caused by aphid colonies is mainly aesthetic due to the large amounts of sticky honeydew produced by the colony members and the resulting black sooty mold that grows on the honeydew. 1-The symptoms appeared caused by Red spider mite(Tetranychus urticae) on plant? The first symptom is the appearance of small white or yellow dots and then leaves turn completely yellow and weave small webs around the leaves. 2-Controlling methods of mites ? Biological Control: 1- Predators. There are numerous insects (lacewings and lady beetles) that prey on spider mites. 2- Predatory mites (Phytoseiulus spp) can be purchased and released onto infested plants. Chemical Control: 1- Most spider mites can be controlled with insecticidal/miticidal oils and soaps. 2- The oils, both horticultural oil and dormant oil, can be used. Horticultural oils can be used on perennial and woody ornamentals during the summer but avoid spraying flowers, which can be damaged. 3- Dormant oils are actually the same as horticultural oils, but they are used to kill mite eggs and dormant adults in the fall and spring. 4- The insecticidal/miticidal soaps are useful in the warm season. 5-What is the classification of snails and slugs (phylum and class) Phylum : Molluscs Class : gastropoda. 6. Define:- Invasive species ? is harmful species with a negative effect on the ecosystem that cause economic or environmental harm, or harm to human, animal, or plant health. 7. Mention 3 methods of control snails and slugs. 1-Collecting snails or slugs by hand with subsequent squashing of snails and slugs. 2-Put traps and protective barriers were used such as cabbage leaves, old leaves of foliage, wet old newspapers, raw fresh potato slices and fresh lettuce leaves then searched for snails in early morning in dark shelters then kill them. 3-Tillage vegetation on which aestivating snails attach 4- Use commercial weed- burners against snails which is effective in reducing snail populations along fence. What is the difference between snails and slugs? Snails and slugs are both gastropods, but slugs lack a shell. The shell has a lot of information for taxonomy. Snails and slugs are both gastropods, but slugs lack a shell. The shell has a lot of information for taxonomy. What is the component of IPM 1-Monitor the Pest to be Managed 2-Develop the Pest Management Goal 3-Implement the Integrated Pest Management 4- Record and Evaluate Results 2-what is the best steps of IPM? Step 1: Inspection. Step 2: Preventive Action. Step 3: Identification. Step 4: Analysis. Step 5: Treatment Selection. Step 6: Monitoring. Step 7: Documentation. 2- what is application of the ecosystem approach 1- the conservation of biodiversity. 2- sustainable use of the components of biodiversity. 3- sharing the benefits arising from the commercial and other utilization of genetic resources True or false: 1-Scale insects are small insects of the order Hemiptera (true) 2-Scale insects, Mealybug, thrips, whiteflies and Aphids aren’t Piercing and Sucking insect pests (false) 3-Scale insects feed on plant juices of plants, and also act as a vector for several plant diseases (false) mealy bug 4-During feeding the scale secretes toxins into the infested leaves, which then turn yellow and drop. (True) 5-The most important enemies of Mealybug are predatory coccinellids, especially Rodolia cardinalis and Rodolia pumila (true) 6-The most common species of parasitoid attacking the aphid is the wasp, Lysiphlebus testaceipes (true) 7-Aphid is an obligate parthenogenetic species; thus the adult aphids are all female and males do not occur in the wild. (True) 8-The life cycle of thrips takes about 40 days (false)30 9-The native anthocorid Orius insidiosus is an excellent predator of many species of thrips, but it is not effective in reducing the Gynaikothrips in the leafgalls. (true) 10-Whiteflies (Hemiptera) injure orchard trees by consuming little quantities of plant sap, which they obtain with their sucking mouthparts. (False) large 11- The damge of cotton leaf worm indirect (x)Correct: Direct 12- Citrus leafminer is pest of ornamental plants (T) 13-The damage of palm weevil is cause by pupa(x)Correct: larvae 14-The mole cricket feed on narrow range ofcrops (x)Correct: Wide range 15- Some of mites are phytophagous and economic group causing direct injury to plants by feeding or indirectly by transiting disease agent. (T) 16- Root knot nematodes are sedentary and endoparasitic (T) 17-The stubby root nematodes are migratory and endoparasitic (False) correct: ectoparasitic 18- Reniform nematodes are sedentary and semi- endoparasitic (T) 19- Sedentary nematodes are mostly immobile during their life (T) 20- Nematodes are small, microscopic, non segmented roundworm (T) 21- Plant parasitic nematodes attack almost all the plants cause 10% lose to crops, have a big problem on tree crops (T) 22- Meloidogyne is an endoparasitic nematode that has a wide host range (T) 23- Nematodes damage plants by reducing or modifying root mass (T) Root cells are killed or modified to serve as food for the nematode(T) 24- Foliar nematode can cause plant death, Slow decline and Toppling as a symptoms. (T) 25-Toppling is considered one of the nematode root symptoms ( False) correct:Foliar symptoms 26-Cyst nematodes cause major malformations or lesions on roots (false) 27-The cyst can only magnify under the microscope (false) 28- Gastropoda means stomach foot ( true) 29- Limacus flavus has a shell( false) 30- Deroceras leave has a colorless mucus (true) 31- Primary symptoms are direct changes to the tissues of plant, while secondary symptoms are indirect changes from a pathogen. True 32- Symptoms of rot include death of plant tissues and cells. True 33- Stunting does not affect the growth rate of plants. False (it affects) 34- Infectious/biotic agents include air and water pollutants. False (include bacteria and fungi. 35- Bacteria are typically smaller than fungi. True 36- Diagnostic techniques include biochemical and physiological methods. True 37- Viruses can be dispresed or transferred though wind. False (through a vector) Discuss 1) Disease triangle with drawing. The disease triangle consists of 3 pillars: a) Susceptible host that is vulnerable to the disease. b) Virulent pathogen that can infect its host. c) Favorable environment to accommodate the disease cycle. 2) Reducing the rate of disease development through biological and chemical control. Biological control may reduce disease development through a) Antagonistic organisms that inhibit the pathogen.  b) Inoculation of a mild strain to induce resistence toward virulent strain. Chemical control may reduce disease development through: a) Pesticides such as fungicides or bactericides b) Contact or system pesticides