Amplitude and Frequency Modulation in Electronics 10 - PDF

 AMPLITUDE AND FREQUENCY MODULATION Electronics 10 | Quarter 3  MODULATION Refers to converting data by adding information to an electronic or optical carrier signal into radio waves. One with a steady waveform is a carrier signal - constant height, or amplitude,...

 AMPLITUDE AND FREQUENCY MODULATION Electronics 10 | Quarter 3  MODULATION Refers to converting data by adding information to an electronic or optical carrier signal into radio waves. One with a steady waveform is a carrier signal - constant height, or amplitude, and frequency. By changing the amplitude or height of the carrier wave (Amplitude Modulation). By changing the frequency or how fast the carrier wave travels (Frequency Modulation). SIGNAL TRANSMISSION AND RECEPTION OF RADAR AND LASER Electronics 10 | Quarter 3 RADAR  RADAR (Radio Detection and Ranging) is a device that tracks and fixes the location of targets at a distance using radio waves and operates on the theory of radio LASER  LASER (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) is a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation.  LASER Lasing Medium is a substance used to produce the stimulated emission of photons in a laser. Stimulated emission (Pump) releases energy from an excited atom by artificial means. Optical Resonators are mirrors facing  LASER are usually holders of energy formed by the movement of charged particles such as AMPLITUDE the maximum displacement or distance moved by a point on a vibrating body from its resting position. WAVELENGTH the distance between successive crests of a wave. WAVE FREQUENCY the number of waves that pass a fixed point in each amount of time. A higher-frequency wave has more energy than a lower frequency wave with the same amplitude.  RADIO WAVES type of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum longer than infrared light. They range from the length of a football to larger than our planet. TRANSMISSION the process of sending and propagating an analog or digital signal using wired, optical, or wireless electromagnetic medium. TRANSMITTER a set of equipment used to generate and transmit electromagnetic waves carrying messages or signals, especially those of MODULATION the process of changing the parameters of the carrier signal in accordance with the instantaneous values of the DEMODULATION extracting the original information- bearing signal from a carrier wave.  RECEIVER uses electronic filters to separate the desired radio frequency signal from all the other signals picked up by the antenna, an electronic amplifier to increase the power of the signal for further processing, and finally recovers the desired information RADIO RECEIVER CIRCUIT Electronics 10 | Quarter 3  ANTENNA It is a piece or length of wire. It captures radio waves. When exposed to radio waves, the wave induces a minimal RF AMPLIFIER It is a sensitive amplifier that amplifies the very weak radio frequency (RF) signal from the antenna to be  TUNER It extracts signals of a particular frequency from different frequencies. The antenna captures radio waves of all the frequencies and sends them to the radio frequency (RF) amplifier,  DETECTOR It is for the audio information to be separated from the carrier wave. A rectifying diode rectifies the alternating current signal in the AM signals. A direct current signal that feeds to an audio amplifier circuit is what remains on the alternating current once passed into a rectifying diode. AUDIO AMPLIFIER The weak signal that comes from the detector is amplified by this component using a simple transistor  CLASSIFICATION OF RADIO RECEIVERS Tuned Radio Frequency receiver (TRF) Supersonic heterodyne radio receiver  TUNED RADIO FREQUENCY (TRF) This was the first radio receiver used. It consists of a tuned circuit and a detector. It was used in the early years of wireless technology. It has high sensitivity allowing broadcast frequency from 535 kHz to 1705 kHz.  TUNING Changes the frequency through mechanical or electrical means. Adding one more tuned circuit allows the selection of one station at a time. Increasing one or more turned circuits will increase the selectivity of the radio receiver. Tuned amplification includes increased  DETECTOR Reconstructs the information carried by the radio waves. The process of extracting the original information from the carrier wave is called demodulation. A diode, a capacitor, and a resistor make up the detector circuit. It removes high-frequency components.  SUPERSONIC HETERODYNE WIRELESS RECEIVER It was developed to provide an additional level of selectivity. This uses a heterodyne or mixing process to convert signals done to a fixed intermediate frequency. detector Superheterodyne receiver circuit RF AMPLIFIER Through an RF amplifier, the IF signal transmits. The RF amplifier amplifies the signal and sends it to the mixer. Ganged tuning is used to tune  MIXER The circuit that generates an output signal which contains the sum and difference of the frequency  LOCAL OSCILLATOR Provides a signal to mix with signals coming from  IF AMP AND FILTER The IF signal will go through an IF amplifier which amplifies the signal and helps reject DEMODULATOR It is integrated into the receiver that extracts the original modulation from  AUDIO AMPLIFIER The demodulated audio signal is then amplified by the audio amplifier to drive a speaker or  TRUE OR FALSE In a TRF receiver, the antenna amplifies the  TRUE OR FALSE The tuned radio frequency stages consisted of one or more amplifying and  TRUE OR FALSE Increasing one or more tuned circuits will increase the selectivity of the radio receiver.  TRUE OR FALSE Difficulty in designing at very high frequency, poor audio quality, instability, and poor selectivity are the problems in TRF receivers.  TRUE OR FALSE The audio amplifier enables the audio from the amplitude modulation signal to  TRUE OR FALSE Through the process of ganged tuning, tuned amplifiers are tuned to a single  TRUE OR FALSE Tuning of the superheterodyne receiver is through the changing of the local  TRUE OR FALSE A supersonic heterodyne wireless receiver was developed to provide an additional level of fidelity.  TRUE OR FALSE A supersonic heterodyne wireless receiver was developed to provide an additional level of fidelity.  TRUE OR FALSE The IF signals are transmitted through an RF amplifier, and the RF amplifier amplifies the signal and sends it to the  TRUE OR FALSE An audio amplifier amplifies the video signal. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM AND LAYOUT OF AN AM/FM RECEIVER Electronics 10 | Quarter 3 Radio Receiver Circuit Diagram  ANTENNA It intercept and collect the radio signals coming from the radio broadcasting or transmitting radio station. TUNING CAPACITOR It selects which of the collected radio signals at the antenna should enter the radio tuner. LOCAL OSCILLATOR It produces the oscillator signal mixed with the incoming RF signal in a mixer stage. MIXER-CONVERTER TRANSISTOR It mix the signals coming from the antenna. INTERMEDIATE FREQUENCY (IF) SECTION It prevents interfering signals to enter the radio tuner when it is tuned to one radio station with this action. DETECTOR It detects and recovers the audio information from the radio signal received FM Signal Receiver Block Diagram STEPS IN TRACKING AND ALIGNING AM/FM RECEIVERS Electronics 10 | Quarter 3  AM RADIO RECEIVER ALIGNNMENT 1. Intermediate frequency (IF) alignment. Align the intermediate frequency (IF) transformers to the receiver’s correct intermediate frequency (IF). 2. Radio frequency (RF) alignment. align the input tuned circuits to match the scale/dial markings such that the wanted station or frequency is producing the correct value of intermediate frequency (IF)  TESTING THE FUNCTIONALITY OF AN AM/FM RECEIVER Electronics 10 | Quarter 3