Quarter 2 Music PDF

PAGE 1 LEARNER’S MODULE IN MUSIC 9 MUSIC OF THE CLASSICAL QUARTER 2: PERIOD In this quarter on Introducing the History of Classical Music, you will learn the historical and cultural background of...

PAGE 1 LEARNER’S MODULE IN MUSIC 9 MUSIC OF THE CLASSICAL QUARTER 2: PERIOD In this quarter on Introducing the History of Classical Music, you will learn the historical and cultural background of the Classical era. During this time, there were significant changes in musical forms and style distinguishing the music from those of the previous era. You will also learn of the development of classical opera such as the Opera Seria and Opera Buffa which became popular among the different social classes, together with the three greatest and most famous composers of the Classical era.  What is the historical background behind the emergence of the music in the Classical Era?  What are the instrumental and vocal music that developed during the Classical Era?  Who are the great composers that flourished in these historical period?  Relate classical music to its historical and cultural background  Explain the performance practice (setting, composition, role of composers/performers, and audience) during classical period  Listen perceptively to selected classical period music  Describe the musical elements of given classical period pieces  Analyze the sonata allegro form PREPARE YOURSELF To assess what you know about the music of the Classical Period, answer the following activities. PART 1: Word Maze Pick the words from the maze that relate to the classical period. Write your answer on the blanks. 1. ____________________________ 2. ____________________________ 3. ____________________________ 4. ____________________________ 5. ____________________________ 6. ____________________________ 7. ____________________________ 8. ____________________________ 9. ____________________________ 10. ___________________________  PAGE 2 LEARNER’S MODULE IN MUSIC 9 PART 2: Music & Match Listen to each recording then match the title of the cartoon show/movie in column B to the title of the music in column A. Write your answer on the blank before each number. _____1. Piano Sonata No 11 in A major (Rondo) 3rd mov. a. Mr. Bean _____2. Piano Sonata no 14 in C#m (Moonlight) 1st mov. b. Little Einstein’s _____3. Symphony No. 5, Op. 67, Cm c. Tom & Jerry _____4. Fur Elise d. Popeye _____5. Eine Kleine Nachtmusik e. The Ring f. Backyardigan LECTURE NOTES In this module, you will learn the history of Western Classical music. We will be discussing the instrumental and vocal characteristics, composers, historical and cultural backgrounds. LESSON 1: MUSIC OF THE CLASSICAL PERIOD (1750-1820) What happened in Classical Period? The classical era, also called “Age of Reason”, is the period from 1750-1820. The cultural life was dominated by the aristocracy, as patrons of musicians and artists who generally influenced the arts. Significant changes in musical forms and styles were made. In the middle of the 18th century, Europe began to move toward a new style in architecture, literature, and the arts, known as Classicism. It was also pushed forward by changes in the economic order and in social structure. Instrumental music was patronized primarily by the nobility. Important historical events that occurred in the West during this era were the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars, the American Declaration of Independence in 1776 and the American Revolution. Napoleonic War French Revolution American Revolution American Declaration of Independence in 1776  PAGE 3 LEARNER’S MODULE IN MUSIC 9 What is Classical Music? People of ages like to listen to music. They listen to music of various genres like pop, rock, ballad, or even rap sometimes. Despite the variety of modern music genres, people still listen to classical music. Classical music may be described as having contrasts in mood like a sudden or gradual change in expression from joy to depression. Classical composers like Haydn and Beethoven communicated these expressions of conflict and contrast with unity and logic. The most significant characteristic of classical music is its structure, especially in sonata form. Sonatas were written by prominent composers of the era like Mozart. The term “classical” denotes conformity with the principles and characteristics of ancient Greece and Roman literature and art which were formal, elegant, simple, freed and dignified. Some characteristics of Classical music:  Harmony and texture is homophonic in general  The dynamics of loud and soft were clearly shown through the extensive use of crescendo and diminuendo  A style of broken chord accompaniment called, Alberti Bass was practiced  Various rhythmic patterns result to sudden pauses, syncopations, and frequent changes in duration notes MAJOR COMPOSERS DURING LESSON 2: THE CLASSICAL PERIOD Franz Joseph Haydn (1732-1809) Franz Joseph Haydn is one of the most prominent composers of the classical period. This Austrian music composer was only year old when he was enlisted to render song performances in the choir at St. Stephen’s Cathedral located in Vienna, Austria where he also learned to play the violin and the keyboard. His life is described as a “rags-to-riches” story. He came from a poor family and his music led to his rise in social status. He was hired by rich patrons and eventually became a musical director for the Esterházy family for 30 years. His music reflects his character and personality: mainly calm, balanced, serious but with touches of humor. He was able to compose over 100 symphonies and developed them into long forms for a large orchestra. He was named, “ Father of the Symphony” although he excelled in every music genre of the period. Most of his symphonies have nicknames such as the “Surprise Symphony”, “The Clock”, and “The Military”. He also wrote chamber piano music and choral works. Suggested listening resources for Haydn’s instrumental works:  PAGE 4 LEARNER’S MODULE IN MUSIC 9 F.J. Haydn Symphony No.94 in G F. J. Haydn Symphony No. 101 in F. J. Haydn Symphony No. 100 in Major "Surprise” 2nd movement D major, “The Clock” G major, “Military” https://www.youtube.com/watch? https://www.youtube.com/watch https://www.youtube.com/watch v=lLjwkamp3lI ?v=i1L6p4B2hBs ?v=V49X4yx0gJo Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791) Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart is a child prodigy and the most amazing genius in musical history. At age five, he was already playing the violin and the harpsichord; at six, he was recognized as an exceptional pianist and, at seven, he was already composing excellent music. At age thirteen, he had written sonatas, concertos, symphonies, religious works, and operas and operettas. He experimented in all kinds of music and composed over 700 works. Unfortunately, due to mismanaged finances he lived his life in poverty, died young and was buried in an unknown grave. He composed wonderful concertos, symphonies and opera such as “The Marriage of Figaro” (1786), “Don Giovanni” (1789), and “The Magic Flute” which became popular. Other known works: Eine Kleine Nachtmusik, Symphony No. 40 in G Major, and Sonata No. 11 in A Major K311. In 1763, he composed his first opera, La Finta Semplica (Semplice) and also an opera entitled, Idomeneo in 1781. Suggested listening resources for Mozart’s instrumental works: W. A, Mozart Piano Sonata No. 16 W. A. Mozart: Piano Sonata No. W. A. Mozart Serenade in G in C major, K. 545 (so-called 11, K331 in A Major, 1st mov. minor (Eine Kleine Nachtmusik) facile or semplice sonata) (Andante grazioso) http://www.youtube.com/watch? https://www.youtube.com/watch http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=24_4VUU4qqM ?v=yi_E-Hu_Rb0 v=24_4VUU4qqM Ludwig Van Beethoven (1770-1827) Ludwig Van Beethoven was born in Bonn, Germany to a family of musicians and studied music at an early age. He was the composer who bridged the late Classical era and the early Romantic era.  PAGE 5 LEARNER’S MODULE IN MUSIC 9 He was a talented pianist and composer. His famous compositions include 32 piano sonatas, 21 set of variations, 9 symphonies, 5 concertos for piano, 16 string quartets and choral music. His works include the “Missa Solemnis” (1818- 1823) and opera “Fidelio” (1805). His known symphonies are: Symphony No. 3 (Eroica), No. 5, No. 6 (Pastoral), No. 9 (Choral), which adds voices to the orchestra. He began to go deaf in 1796 but this did not become a hindrance. He continued composing through the help of an assistant and hearing gadget. Some of his famous compositions were made when he was deaf. Characteristics of Beethoven’s works:  His music veered toward larger orchestras.  Sound was centered on the violas and lower registers of the violins and cellos to give his music a darker mood.  All themes in a piece are tied together by one motif.  He developed musical themes and motifs extensively by means of modulation  He used more brass instruments and dynamics L. V. Beethoven Piano Sonata No. L.V. Beethoven Piano Concerto L.V. Beethoven Piano Concerto 14 in C sharp minor (Moonlight) 1st No. 5 “Emperor” in E flat major No. 1 in C major op. 15 mov. Op. 27 no 2 (adagio sostenuto) op. 73 https://www.youtube.com/watch http://www.youtube.com/watch?v https://www.youtube.com/watch ?v=olo79ukqorg =YmVCcF42f-0 ?v=p3qfJQGngQc L.V. Beethoven Symphony No. 5, L.V. Beethoven Symphony No. 9, Op. 67, C Minor Op. 125, D minor “Choral” http://www.youtube.com/watch? http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=FqvLfMigm3I v=w6E3xem_c2w In the middle of the 18th century, Europe began to move toward a new style in architecture, literature, and the arts, known as Classicism. It was also pushed forward by changes in the economic order and in social structure. Instrumental music was patronized primarily by the nobility.  PAGE 6 LEARNER’S MODULE IN MUSIC 9 LESSON 3: VOCAL AND INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC IN CLASSICAL PERIOD SONATA A multi-movement work for solo instrument Here are some facts about sonatas:  Sonata came from the word “Sonare” which means to make a sound. This term is applied to a variety of works for a solo instrument such as keyboard or violin  It is a type of music composition or a musical piece played on instruments that usually consist of two or four sections where each is in a related key but with unique music character  It may also refer to a composition for a larger instrumental group having more than two or three parts/movement, such as a string quartet or an orchestra Below is an excerpt from the 3 movements of the Sonata No. 16 in C Major K545 by W.A. Mozart. Listen to each phrase of the movement. 1st Movement: Allegro – fast movement Alberti Bass 2nd Movement: Slow tempo (Andante, Largo, etc.), mostly lyrical and emotional.  PAGE 7 LEARNER’S MODULE IN MUSIC 9 3rd Movement: Minuet: It is in three-four time and in a moderate or fast tempo. What is the structure of a Sonata-Allegro Form? The most important form that developed during the classical era consists of 3 distinct sections: Exposition, Development and Recapitulation. 1. Exposition - the first part of a composition in sonata form that introduces the theme. It is like an introduction to an essay. 2. Development - the middle part of the sonata-allegro form wherein themes are being developed. It gives the composer an opportunity to improve or move to other key tonalities and themes. It concludes back in the original key. 3. Recapitulation - repeats/restates the theme as they first emerge in the opening exposition. The composer settles back to the home key and presents the original themes. CONCERTO A multi-movement work designed for an instrumental soloist and orchestra.  PAGE 8 LEARNER’S MODULE IN MUSIC 9  It is a classical form of music intended primarily to emphasize the individuality of the solo instrument and to exhibit the virtuosity and interpretative abilities of the performer.  The solo instruments in classical concertos include violin, cello, clarinet, bassoon, trumpet, horn and piano.  A concerto has three movements: fast, slow, and fast. 3 Movements of the Concerto: 1st Movement. Fast: Sonata-allegro form with expositions of the orchestra and then by the soloist. 2nd Movement. Slow: Has more ornamentation than the First movement. 3rd Movement. Fast: Finale: usually in a form of rondo, resembling the last movement of the symphony and usually a short cadenza is used. SYMPHONY A multi-movement work for orchestra  The symphony is derived from the word “Sinfonia” which literally means “a harmonious sounding together”.  The symphony features the entire orchestra while having passages for many solo instruments.  It is a classical music for the whole orchestra, generally in four movements. 4 Movements of the Symphony: 1st Movement. Fast: Sonata-allegro form 2nd Movement. Slow: gentle, lyrical – typical ABA form or theme and variation 3rd Movement. Medium/Fast: uses a dance form (Minuet or scherzo) 4th Movement. Fast: typically Rondo or Sonata form Below is an example of theme from “Surprise Symphony” by Haydn  PAGE 9 LEARNER’S MODULE IN MUSIC 9 As the 18th century progressed, instrumental music was patronized primarily by the nobility which led to the rise of public taste for “comic opera”. The music was mostly of a simple yet pleasant character, while the singing was highly flexible and sensitive and could freely express emotion through melody. Classical Opera Opera is a drama set to music where singers and musicians perform in a theatrical setting. The two distinct styles of opera, Opera Seria and Opera Buffa, were developed during the Classical Period. OPERA SERIA OPERA BUFFA The Opera Seria (serious opera) The Opera Buffa (comic opera) from Italy made use of usually implies heroic or tragic everyday characters and situations, and typically drama that employs mythological employed spoken dialogues, lengthy arias and was characters, which was inherited spiced with sight gags, naughty humor and social from the Baroque period. satire. “The Marriage of Figaro”, “Don Giovanni”, and “Idomeneo” by Mozart is an “The Magic Flute” are examples of popular Opera example of Opera Seria. Buffa by Mozart. “Queen of the Night” (an aria Excerpts from “Don Giovani” W. A. Mozart “Idomeneo” from “The Magic Flute”) https://www.youtube.com/watch http://www.youtube.com/watch? https://www.youtube.com/watch ?v=gPSSlUIuLEg v=AHK4yfM54eo ?v=YuBeBjqKSGQ  PAGE 10 LEARNER’S MODULE IN MUSIC 9 INSTRUCTIONAL ACTIVITIES In the following activities below, answer it properly, correctly and neatly to measure your learning relative to the discussion about the historical background and characteristics of Classical music. PART 1: Written Works I. Identify the term being described. Write the letter that corresponds to your answer on the space provided. ________ 1. A musical work with different movements for an instrumental soloist and orchestra A. Symphony B. Sonata C. Concerto D. Rondo ________ 2. A section of the sonata allegro form where the themes are introduced A. Exposition B. Development C. Recapitulation D. Variation and Theme ________ 3. The general texture of Classical music A. Monophonic B. Homophonic C. Heterophonic D. Polyphonic ________ 4. The term for serious opera A. Opera B. Comic Opera C. Opera Buffa D. Opera Seria ________ 5. The most important form that was developed during the classical era and usually the form of the first movement of a sonata or symphony A. Minuet B. Sonata Allegro C. Rondo D. Symphony ________ 6. It repeats the themes as they first emerged in the opening exposition A. Exposition B. Development C. Recapitulation D. Sonata ________ 7. A musical composition designed to be played by the full orchestra A. Symphony B. Sonata C. Concerto D. Cantata ________ 8. The term for Italian opera A. Opera B. Comic Opera C. Opera Buffa D. Opera Seria ________ 9. It is a multi-movement work for solo instrument A. Symphony B. Sonata C. Concerto D. Cantata ________ 10. It is called “The Age of Reason” A. Medieval B. Renaissance C. Baroque D. Classical PART 2: Performance Tasks Listening Activity 1 Listen to each selected music from the Renaissance, Baroque and Classical period and describe each musical piece. In the chart next page, put a check in the box of the corresponding characteristic element. Title of the Composition Characteristic Element L. V. Beethoven Symphony John Dowland Fine G. F. Handel No. 9, Op. 125, D Minor Knacks for Ladies Halleluia Chorus “Choral” Symphony No. 9 Simple/Tuneful Melody Complex  PAGE 11 LEARNER’S MODULE IN MUSIC 9 Slow Tempo Moderate Fast Mostly Soft Dynamics Mostly Loud Monophonic Texture Homophonic Polyphonic Renaissance Period in Baroque Music Classical The listening resources for the activity:  Fine Knacks for Ladies - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eKhOjIUHV6Y  Hallelujah Chorus - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IUZEtVbJT5c  Symphony No. 9, Op. 125, Dm “Choral” - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w6E3xem_c2w Listening Activity 2: Name the Tune! Within a scheduled date, you will listen to a composition given by the teacher and identify whether it is a Sonata, a Concerto or a Symphony. The teacher will call you and will play twice the 10 songs one by one. You will be given 10 seconds to answer after the song is played. The listening resources for the activity:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FqvLfMigm3I  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Y4Fkxg7WcA  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yi_E-Hu_Rb0  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YmVCcF42f-0  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rgq3OTSRVBc  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lLjwkamp3lI  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V49X4yx0gJo  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i1L6p4B2hBs  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p3qfJQGngQ  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w6E3xem_c2w c&t=15s PART 3: Analysis Activity Music Analysis Procedure: 1. Listen to Eine Kleine Nachtmusik by W. A. Mozart 2. As you listen to the music, follow the musical score on the next page (opt.: To follow the musical score you may tap the beat counting 4 for each measure) 3. Each measure has a number on top of the staff. Encircle the measure where the exposition, development and recapitulation starts and ends. Write the number of the measure on the blanks: Exposition: Development: Recapitulation:  PAGE 12 LEARNER’S MODULE IN MUSIC 9  PAGE 13 LEARNER’S MODULE IN MUSIC 9  PAGE 14 LEARNER’S MODULE IN MUSIC 9  PAGE 15 c LEARNER’S MODULE IN MUSIC 9 GLOSSARY OF TERMS Alberti Bass – a special type of broken chord accompaniment where the chord is played in this order: lowest note -highest note - middle note - highest note then repeats the pattern to create a smooth, sustained, flowing sound Allegro – quickly, in a brisk lively manner Andante – in a moderately slow tempo Cadenza – an improvised passage or ornamentation performed by a soloist or group of soloists that allows a display of virtuosity often placed near the end of a piece. Cantata – a choral composition with instrumental accompaniment, typically in several movements. Classical era – the period from 1750-1820 called the Age of Reason. Concerto – a major instrumental work for solo instrument with orchestral accompaniment Crescendo – gradually becoming louder Diminuendo/Descrescendo – gradually becoming softer Largo – a very slow tempo. Minuet – a slow, stately ballroom dance for two in triple time. Opera comique – comic opera in France Rondo – a musical form that alternates the main theme and its contrasting themes usually found in the final movement of a sonata or concerto Scherzo – a vigorous, light, or playful composition comprising a movement in a symphony or sonata. Singspiel – 18th century German musical comedy featuring songs and ensembles interspersed with dialogue. Sonata – any instrumental composition that has several movements with variation in key, mood, or tempo Symphony – a musical composition for the whole orchestra generally in four movements; also a sonata for orchestra. Theme and Variation – a musical form where the theme is presented in a simple unadorned manner then repeats the theme several times with ornamentations. REFERENCES Books Lacia, G. et al. (2018). The 21st century MAPEH in action 9: Worktext in music, arts, physical education, and health. Rev. Ed. Rex Book Store, Inc. Manila