Cell Theory Multiple Choice Questions PDF

Å The peripheral tubules are triplets and each peripheral tubule Å Chromatin material condenses to form chromosomes is connected to hub through radial spokes made up of protein. in the nucleus during cell division. Å Centriole form basal body of cilia and flagella....

Å The peripheral tubules are triplets and each peripheral tubule Å Chromatin material condenses to form chromosomes is connected to hub through radial spokes made up of protein. in the nucleus during cell division. Å Centriole form basal body of cilia and flagella. Å Each chromosome posseses two chromatids which Å It also forms spindle fibres during cell division in animal cells. remain attached to the centromere or primary constriction. The latter posseses a disc-shaped structure Nucleus called kinetochore on its surface. Å It is a structure bound by a nuclear envelope of double unit Å Based on the position of centromere, chromosomes are membrane. It consists of metacentric (middle centromere), sub-metacentric n Chromatin Flemming described it as nucleoprotein fibres (centromere slightly away from middle), acrocentric formed when the nucleus of the cell is not dividing, i.e. during (centromere near the end) and telocentric (terminal interphase. centromere). n Chromatin consists of DNA, basic proteins called histones, Å Few chromosomes possess secondary constrictions non-histone proteins and RNA. called satellite at constant locations. n Nuclear envelope surrounds the nucleus and bears numerous small nuclear pores that allow movement of RNA and protein Microbodies between nucleus and cytoplasm. The space between its two Å Many membrane bound minute vesicles called parallel membrane is called perinuclear space. microbodies containing various enzymes are present in n Nucleolus is found in the nuclear matrix or nucleoplasm. It is both plant and animal cells. not bound by a membrane and acts as the site for active rRNA Å A few examples are peroxisomes in both plant cell and synthesis. It was discovered by Fontana in 1774. animal cell and glyoxysomes in plant cell only. Mastering NCERT MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS TOPIC 1 ~ Cell Theory 1 Name the scientist, who saw a live cell first time. 4 Schwann proposed cell theory according to (a) Robert Brown which (b) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (a) each cell of the body possesses the same genetic (c) Robert White information (d) Schleiden (b) all life activities of the organisms are present in 2 The most likely method, used to determine the miniature form in each and every cell of its body ultrastructure of a cell organelle is (c) bodies of animals and plants are made up of cells (a) autoradiography (d) a new cell always develops by the division of (b) microdissection pre-existing cells (c) electron microscopy 5 Schleiden and Schwann’s cell theory could not (d) phase contrast microscopy explain 3 Cell theory was formulated by (a) cell formed from pre-existing cell (a) Schleiden and Schwann (b) how new cells were formed (b) Rudolf Virchow (c) body of animals are composed of cells (c) Robert Brown (d) None of the above (d) Robert Hooke 6 ‘Omnis cellula-e-cellula, (all cells arise from 10 Which of the following represents the incorrect pair? pre-existing cells). Who gave this concept and modified the cell theory? (a) (a) Schleiden and Schwann (b) Virchow = Mesophyll cells (c) Robert Brown (d) Leeuwenhoek 7 The genetic material is naked in Round and oval (a) prokaryotic cells (b) eukaryotic cells (b) (c) multicellular cell = Red blood cells (d) Both (a) and (b) 8 Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells contain (Round and biconcave) (a) mitochondria (b) ribosome (c) (c) chloroplast = Platelets (d) Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) (Amoeboid) 9 The largest isolated single cell is (a) egg of ostrich (d) (b) egg of peacock = Columnar epithelial cells (c) egg of duck (d) None of the above (Long and narrow) TOPIC 2 ~ Prokaryotic Cell 11 Which of the following represents prokaryotic cells? 16 Which of the following components provides sticky (a) PPLO (b) Mycoplasma character to the bacterial cell? NEET 2017 (c) Bacteria (d) All of these (a) Cell wall (b) Nuclear membrane 12 The genetic material of prokaryotic cell (c) Plasma membrane (d) Glycocalyx (a) possess small circular DNA called plasmids 17 Glycocalyx differs in composition and thickness (b) is not enveloped by nuclear membrane among different bacteria. It could be a loose sheath (c) composed of a single circular DNA molecule called the …… or it may be thick and tough, called (d) All of the above the ……. 13 Plasmids of bacterial cell possess all the following (a) capsule; slime layer characteristics except (b) slime layer; capsule (a) these are extrachromosomal DNA (c) mesosome, slime layer (b) these are used in genetic engineering (d) capsule, mesosome (c) these help in the replication of nucleoid 18 The cell envelope of bacteria is composed of (d) these are small, circular and confer unique phenotypic (a) outermost cell wall followed by glycocalyx and plasma characters to some bacteria membrane 14 Which of the following nucleic acids is present in an (b) plasma membrane and cell wall organism having 70S ribosomes only? NEET 2019 (c) outermost glycocalyx followed by cell wall and plasma (a) Single-stranded DNA with protein coat membrane (b) Double-stranded circular naked DNA (d) plasma membrane (c) Double-stranded DNA enclosed in nuclear membrane 19 Which one of the following does not differ in E. coli (d) Double-stranded circular DNA with histone proteins and Chlamydomonas? NEET 2013 15 A specialised differentiated form of cell membrane of (a) Ribosomes prokaryotes is (b) Chromosomal organisation (a) ribosome (b) mesosome (c) Cell wall (c) microvilli (d) vacuoles (d) Cell membrane 20 What is true about mesosomes? (a) The bacteria could no longer swim (a) Help in cell wall formation (b) The bacteria would not adhere to the host tissue (b) Help in cellular respiration (c) Transportation of molecules across the membrane (c) Help in DNA replication would stop (d) All of the above (d) The shape of bacteria would change 21 The longest portion in a bacterial flagellum is 24 Many ribosomes may associate with a single mRNA (a) hook (b) basal body (c) filament (d) pili to form multiple copies of a polypeptide simultaneously. Such string of ribosomes are 22 Choose the incorrect pair. termed as NEET 2018 (a) Gram-positive bacteria–Take up the Gram stain (a) plastidome (b) polyhedral bodies (b) Cell wall–Prevents bacterium from collapsing (c) polysome (d) nucleosome (c) Capsule–Thick and tough glycocalyx 25 Which one of the following is not an inclusion body (d) Pili– Locomotory structure in bacteria found in prokaryotes? CBSE-AIPMT 2015 23 If you remove the fimbriae from the bacterial cell, (a) Cyanophycean granule (b) Glycogen granule which of the following would you expect to happen? (c) Polysome (d) Phosphate granule TOPIC 3 ~ Eukaryotic Cell 26 Eukaryotes make the entire body of 30 The following diagram shows some of the missing (a) protists (b) fungi (c) plants (d) All of these structures in an animal cell (A-E). 27 Which one of the following differentiates plant cells Identify the structures. from animal cells? Microvilli (a) Large vacuole, plastid and cell wall (b) Cell wall, plastid and centriole A E (c) Cell wall, plastid and mitochondria Centriole (d) Cell membrane, plastid and cell wall 28 Select the mismatch. NEET 2016 Lysosome (a) Gas vacuoles — Green bacteria cells (b) Large central vacuoles — Animal cells C Nuclear (c) Protists — Eukaryotes envelope B (d) Methanogens — Prokaryotes Nucleolus 29 The following diagram shows some of the missing D structures in a plant cell (A-E). Identify the structures. Nucleus Lysosome Cytoplasm B (a) A–Plasma membrane, B–Rough endoplasmic reticulum, A Nucleus C–Ribosomes, D–Mitochondrion, E–Golgi apparatus Nucleolus (b) A–Plasma membrane, B–Mitochondrion, C–Ribosomes, C D–Rough endoplamic reticulum, E–Golgi apparatus. Microtubule Nuclear envelope (c) A–Plasma membrane, B–Mitochondria, C–Ribosomes, Plasma membrane D–Smooth endoplasmic reticulum, E–Golgi apparatus Vacuole (d) A–Plasma membrane, B–Mitochondria, C–Golgi Middle lamella apparatus, D–Smooth endoplasmic reticulum, E–Ribosomes Peroxisome D Cell wall Cytoplasm E 31 Choose the incorrect pair. Chloroplast (a) Best material to study cell — RBC of human (a) A–Plasmodesmata, B–Rough endoplasmic reticulum, membrane structure C–Golgi apparatus, D–Mitochondrion, E–Ribosomes (b) Arrangement of lipids in cell — Bilayer (b) A–Desmosome, B–Rough endoplasmic reticulum, membrane C–Golgi apparatus, D–Mitochondrion, E–Ribosomes (c) Abundant lipid in cell — Phospholipid (c) A–Plasmodesmata, B–Smooth endoplasmic reticulum, membrane C–Golgi apparatus, D–Mitochondrion, E–Ribosomes (d) A–Tight junction, B–Rough endoplasmic reticulum, (d) Cell membrane composition — Carbohydrates C–Golgi apparatus, D–Mitochondrion, E–Ribosomes + Lipids 32 Lipids are arranged within the membrane with 40 Cell membrane is selectively permeable. This means (a) polar heads towards innerside and the hydrophobic tails that it towards outerside (a) allows all materials to pass through (b) Both heads and tails towards outerside (b) allows only water to pass through (c) heads towards outerside and tails towards inside (c) allows only certain materials to pass through (d) Both heads and tails towards innerside (d) allows only ions to pass through 33 Why tails of lipids in the membrane are towards inner 41 The main difference between active and passive part? transport across cell membrane is NEET 2019 (a) The tail is non-polar hydrocarbon and so, protected (a) passive transport is non-selective whereas active with an aqueous environment transport is selective (b) The tail is polar hydrocarbon and so, is protected from (b) passive transport requires a concentration gradient aqueous environment across a biological membrane whereas active transport requires energy to move solutes (c) The non-polar or hydrophobic hydrocarbon tails of lipid, being on innerside ensure their protection from (c) passive transport is confined to anionic carrier proteins aqueous environment whereas active transport is confined to cationic channel proteins (d) The tail is hydrophilic so, it tends to be located in the aqueous innerside of membrane (d) active transport occurs more rapidly than passive transport 34 The lipid component of cell membrane consists of 42 Na + / K + pump represents (a) lipolipids (b) phospholipids (c) hydrophobic lipids (d) None of these (a) active transport (b) passive transport (c) osmosis (d) simple diffusion 35 What is the role of sterol in cell membrane? 43 One of the major components of cell wall of most JIPMER 2018 (a) Stability fungi is NEET 2016 (a) peptidoglycan (b) cellulose (b) Communication with other cells (c) hemicellulose (d) chitin (c) Secretion (d) Transport 44 The cell wall of plant cells (a) provides protection 36 Identify the component labelled as A in the given (b) helps in cell to cell interaction diagram of cell membrane? (c) provides a barrier to undesirable macromolecules A (d) All of the above 45 Choose the odd one out with respect to the composition of plant cell wall. (a) Cellulose (b) Galactans (c) Pectins and proteins (d) Hemicellulose 46 The innermost portion of a mature plant cell wall possesses (a) External protein (b) Integral protein (a) primary cell wall (b) plasma membrane (c) Sugar (d) Lipid (c) secondary cell wall (d) plasmodesmata 37 According to Singer and Nicolson concept, cell 47 The cell wall and middle lamellae are transversed by membrane is (a) plasmodesmata (b) primary wall (a) solid (b) quasifluid (c) cytoplasm (d) cortex (c) fluid (d) solidified sheath 48 Why endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi body, lysosome 38 The fluid mosaic model explains and vacuoles are components of endomembranous (a) Only structural aspects of cell membrane system? (b) Only functional aspects of cell membrane (a) Their structures are distinct (c) Both structural and functional aspects of cell membrane (b) Their functions are distinct (d) Only fluidity of membrane (c) Their functions are coordinated (d) All of the above 39 Fluid nature of membrane is able to explain (a) cell growth, cell division 49 The main organelle involved in modification and (b) formation of intercellular junctions routing of newly synthesised proteins to their (c) secretion and permeation of various substances across destination is the membrane (a) mitochondria (b) endoplasmic reticulum (d) All of the above (c) lysosome (d) chloroplast 50 What does ‘B’ represent in the figure? 58 Which one of the following is the correct labelling of given structure of Golgi apparatus? A D A B D B C C E (a) A–Cisternae, B–Vesicle, C–cis face, D–trans face (b) A–Cisternae, B–Vesicle, C–trans face, D–cis face (a) Ribosome (b) Rough ER (c) A–Tubules, B–Vesicle, C–trans face, D–cis face (c) Smooth ER (d) Nuclear pore (d) A–Vesicle, B–Cisternae, C–cis face, D–trans face 51 Which one of the following events does not occur in 59 The Golgi complex participates in NEET 2018 rough endoplasmic reticulum? NEET 2018 (a) respiration in bacteria (a) Cleavage of signal peptide (b) formation of secretory vesicles (b) Protein glycosylation (c) fatty acid breakdown (c) Protein folding (d) activation of amino acid (d) Phospholipid synthesis 60 Which of the following cell organelles is present in 52 Nuclear envelope is a derivative of CBSE-AIPMT 2015 the highest number in secretory cells? (a) membrane of Golgi complex NEET (Odisha) 2019 (b) microtubules (a) Mitochondria (c) rough endoplasmic reticulum (b) Golgi complex (d) smooth endoplasmic reticulum (c) Endoplasmic reticulum 53 Select the correct matching in the following pairs. (d) Lysosomes CBSE-AIPMT 2015 61 Important site for the formation of glycoprotein and (a) Smooth ER — Synthesis of lipids glycolipid is (b) Rough ER — Synthesis of glycogen (a) lysosomes (b) Golgi apparatus (c) Rough ER — Oxidation of fatty acids (c) vacuoles (d) plastids (d) Smooth ER — Oxidation of phospholipids 62 Which is the correct sequence of modification and 54 Smooth endoplasmic reticulum acts as a major site for transport of secretory vesicles? JIPMER 2019 the synthesis of (a) RER → Cell membrane → Golgi body → Secretory (a) lipids and steroids (b) proteins vesicles (c) ribosomes (d) DNA (b) RER → Secretory vesicles → Cell membrane 55 The scientist, who first observed densely stained (c) RER → Cell membrane → Secretory vesicles → Golgi body reticular structures near the nucleus is (a) Robert Hooke (b) Robert Brown (d) SER → Golgi body → Cell membrane → Secretory vesicles (c) Strasburger (d) Camillo Golgi 63 Which one of the following cell organelles is 56 Cisternae of Golgi apparatus has diameter of enclosed by a single membrane? NEET 2016 (a) 0.1-0.01 µm (b) 0.5-1.0 µm (a) Chloroplasts (b) Lysosomes (c) 5-1 µm (d) None of these (c) Nuclei (d) Mitochondria 57 Choose the incorrect pair. 64 Which of the following is correct regarding the origin (a) Golgi bodies – Densely stained reticular structure of lysosome? near the nucleus (a) Endoplasmic reticulum → Golgi bodies → Lysosomes (b) Cisternae – Circular, fixed in number (b) Golgi bodies → Endoplasmic reticulum → Lysosomes (c) Forming face – Convex cis (c) Nucleus → Golgi bodies → Lysosomes (d) Mitochondria → Endoplasmic reticulum → Golgi (d) Maturing face – Concave trans bodies → Lysosomes 65 Which of the following pairs of organelles does not 73 Go through the sectional view of a mitochondrion contain DNA? NEET 2019 showing the different parts and identify the structures (a) Chloroplast and vacuoles A to E. (b) Lysosomes and vacuoles A (c) Nuclear envelope and mitochondria B (d) Mitochondria and lysosomes C D E 66 In a eukaryotic cell, vacuoles (a) contains water, sap and excretory product (b) is bound by a single membrane called tonoplast (c maintains turgor pressure (d) All of the above (a) A–Outer membrane, B–Inner membrane, C–Matrix, 67 The osmotic expansion of a cell kept in water is D–Inter membrane space, E–Crista chiefly regulated by CBSE-AIPMT 2014 (b) A–Outer membrane, B–Inner membrane, C–Inter membrane space, D–Matrix, E–Crista (a) mitochondria (b) vacuoles (c) A–Outer membrane, B–Inner membrane, C–Matrix, D–Crista, E–Inter membrane space (c) plastids (d) A–Outer membrane, B–Inner membrane, C–Crista, (d) ribosomes D–Matrix, E–Inter membrane space 68 Why the concentration of a number of ions and other 74 Choose the incorrect pair. materials is higher in vacuoles than those in (a) Chloroplast — Traps light energy cytoplasm? (b) Chromoplast — Imparts colours to the plant (a) Tonoplast has a number of active transport system that (c) Leucoplast — Stores nutrients pumps ions into vacuole from cytoplasm (d) None of the above (b) Through osmosis, a large amount of ions goes continuously to vacuole from cytoplasm 75 Chromoplasts have fat soluble pigments called (c) Cytoplasmic ions enter the vacuole through osmotic (a) chlorophyll (b) carotenoid flow of water (c) chloroplast (d) Both (a) and (b) (d) Vacuole is always engaged in the hydrolysis of salts 76 The colourless plastids are into their ions (a) chloroplasts (b) chromoplasts 69 Both the membranes of a mitochondrion are (c) leucoplasts (d) lymphoplasts (a) structurally different, but functionally similar (b) structurally as well as functionally different 77 The leucoplasts, that store oils and fats (c) structurally similars, but functionally different (a) amyloplasts (b) elaioplasts (d) structurally as well as functionally similar (c) aleuroplasts (d) glyceroplasts 70 All the listed characteristics are true about 78 Chloroplasts found in plant cells mitochondria, except (a) are single membranous structures (b) contain ds circular DNA (a) unless specifically stained it is not easily visible under the microscope (c) contain 80 S ribosomes (b) physiological activity of cells determines its number per cell (d) are colourless plastids (c) it divide by fission 79 Flattened membranous sacs present in the stroma of (d) their outer membrane forms number of infoldings chloroplast are called cristae (a) thylakoids (b) grana 71 The cristae in mitochondria is important because (c) mesophyll (d) stroma lamella (a) increases surface area 80 The stroma of chloroplast contains enzymes required (b) decreases surface area for synthesis of (c) have fluid in it (a) carbohydrates (b) proteins (d) None of the above (c) fats (d) Both (a) and (b) 72 Cytochromes are found in CBSE-AIPMT 2015 81 Choose the incorrect pair. (a) outer wall of mitochondria (a) Stromal lamellae— Interconnects the grana (b) cristae of mitochondria (b) Thylakoid—Singular unit of grana (c) lysosomes (c) Stroma of chloroplast — Contains small ds circular DNA (d) matrix of mitochondria (d) Ribosomes of chloroplast — 80S 82 Identify A to F in the sectional view of a chloroplast 87 The sectional view of cilia/flagella shows showing the different parts. Central Peripheral microtubules Radial Central E A microtubules (Doublet) spoke sheath B (Singlet) F (a) 9+0 2 8 1 (b) 9+0 9+0 9 1 (c) 9 2 9 1 (d) 3 6 9 1 C D 88 Choose the incorrect pair. (a) Cilium or Flagellum − 9 + 2 morphology (a) A–Inner membrane, B–Granum, C–Outer membrane, (b) Axonema – Core of cilium or flagellum D–Stroma lamella, E–Stroma, F–Thylakoid (c) Basal body – Centriole-like structure (b) A–Outer membrane, B–Inner membrane, C–Granum, (d) Radial spokes – Connect two central microtubules D–Thylakoid, E–Stroma lamella, F–Stroma (c) A–Thylakoid, B–Outer membrane, C–Stroma, 89 What is common between a eukaryotic and D–Stroma lamella, E–Granum, F–Inner membrane prokaryotic flagella? JIPMER 2018 (d) A–Outer membrane, B–Stroma, C–Inner membrane, (a) Same structure D–Granum, E–Thylakoid, F–Stroma lamella (b) Both are used for locomotion 83 Who discovered ribosomes as dense particles under (c) Composed of same proteins the electron microscope? (d) Both are extension of cell membrane (a) George Palade (b) Kolliker 90 The cross section view of a centriole shows (c) Boveri (d) Strasburger Peripheral Central Inter 84 The sedimentation coefficient of ribosome is a microtubules microtubules Hub Spokes triplet (Triplet) (Singlet) bridge measure of (a) 9 2 1 9 9 (a) density (b) number (c) structure (d) None of these (b) 9 2 9 9 9 (c) 9 2 1 2 2 85 The solid linear cytoskeletal elements having a diameter of 6 nm and made up of a single type of (d) 9 0 1 9 9 monomer are known as CBSE-AIPMT 2014 91 The central part of the proximal region of the (a) microtubules centriole is (b) microfilaments (a) spokes (b) hub (c) intermediate filaments (c) centrosome (d) axonema (d) lamins 92 Which one of the following options represent the 86 Identify A to D in the diagrammatic representation of sequence of formation of spindle fibres correctly? internal structure of cilia. (a) Basal body → Cilium/flagellum → Centriole A (b) Cilium/flagellum → Basal body → Centriole (c) Centriole → Basal body → Cilium/flagellum (d) Basal body → Centriole → Flagellum/cilium 93 The nucleus in a eukaryotic cell B (a) was first described by Robert Brown (b) was called chromatin by Flemming (c) contain nucleoli in nucleoplasm C (d) All of the above D 94 Material of the nucleus is stained by (a) A–Interdoublet bridge, B–Central microtubule, C–Plasma membrane, D–Radial spoke (a) acidic dye (b) basic dye (c) neutral dye (d) iodine (b) A–Plasma membrane, B–Central microtubule, C–Interdoublet bridge, D–Radial spoke 95 For the study of structure of nucleus, the best cell is (c) A–Plasma membrane, B–Interdoublet bridge, (a) cell in the interphase C–Central microtubule, D–Radial spoke (b) cell in the late prophase (d) A–Plasma membrane, B–Interdoublet bridge, (c) cell in the divisional phase C–Radial spoke, D–Central microtubule (d) cell in the meiotic phase  96 The nuclear pores in the nuclear membrane allows the 102 The shorter and longer arms of a submetacentric passage of chromosome are referred to as NEET 2019 (a) proteins, enzymes into the nucleus (a) p-arm and q-arm, respectively (b) ribosomal components out of the nucleus (b) q-arm and p-arm, respectively (c) mRNA out of the nucleus (c) m-arm and n-arm, respectively (d) All of the above (d) s-arm and l-arm, respectively 97 The cells that lack nucleus are 103 The below diagram represents chromosome. Identify (a) erythrocytes of many mammals the structures A, B and type of chromosome C. (b) tube cells of vascular plants (c) lymphocytes of mammals A (d) Both (a) and (b) B 98 Non-membranous nucleoplasmic structures in nucleus are the site for active synthesis of NEET (Odisha) 2019 (a) protein synthesis (b) mRNA (c) rRNA (d) tRNA 99 Choose the incorrect pair. (a) Histones — Basic proteins Type of chromosome-C (b) Centromere — Primary constriction (c) Kinetochore — Disc-shaped structure (a) A–Satellite, B–Primary constriction, C–Acrocentric (d) None of the above (b) A–Satellite, B–Secondary constriction, C–Metacentric 100 The chromosomes are divided into how many types (c) A–Satellite, B–Centromere, C–Telocentric on the basis of position of centromere? (d) A–Satellite, B–Centromere, C–Submetacentric (a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 8 (d) 16 104 The below diagram shows a chromosome. 101 In the given diagram of types of chromosomes, identify A-D. Satellite Secondary Shorter constriction Short arm arm Centromere Centromere Centromere Which of the following table refers correctly to the Long arm Longer chromosome? arm A B Number of Number of Number of C D Centromere Kinetochore Arms (a) A–Telocentric chromosome, B–Acrocentric (a) 2 1 4 chromosome, C–Submetacentric chromosome, (b) 1 2 4 D–Metacentric chromosome (c) 2 2 4 (b) A–Acrocentric chromosome, B–Telocentric chromosome, C–Metacentric chromosome, (d) 1 2 2 D–Submetacentric chromosome (c) A–Submetacentric chromosome, B–Metacentric 105 Which one is only found in plant? JIPMER 2019 chromosome, C–Telocentric chromosome, (a) Ribosome D–Acrocentric chromosome (b) Mitochondria (d) A–Metacentric chromosome, B–Submetacentric (c) Glyoxysomes chromosome, C–Acrocentric chromosome, D–Telocentric chromosome (d) Lysosome 198 Master The NCERT > BIOLOGY (Vol-I ) NEET SPECIAL TYPES QUESTIONS I. Assertion and Reason 114 Assertion (A) Mitochondria and chloroplast have Direction (Q. No. 106-115) In each of the following their own genome. questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is given followed Reason (R) ER and Golgi body are the cell organelles by corresponding statement of Reason (R). Of the which have their own DNA. statements, mark the correct answer as 115 Assertion (A) The chromoplasts contain fat soluble (a) If both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation carotenoid pigments. of A Reason (R) These pigments provide colour to plant (b) If both A and R are true, but R is not the correct parts other than green. explanation of A (c) If A is true, but R is false (d) If A is false, but R is true II. Statement Based Questions 106 Assertion (A) Smaller cells are usually 116 Which of the following statements is incorrect? metabolically active cells. (a) Unicellular oganisms are capable of independent existence Reason (R) Smaller cells have higher (b) Any structure less than a complete structure of a cell nucleocytoplasmic ratio and higher surface volume does not ensure independent living ratio. (c) Matthias Schleiden, a German zoologist discovered the 107 Assertion (A) Every cell behaves as a compartment. nucleus Reason (R) Cells are partially covered over by a (d) Leeuwenhoek first saw and described a live cell membrane. 117 Choose the incorrect statement. 108 Assertion (A) Chloroplast is a cell organelle. (a) Mycoplasma is the smallest cell (0.3 µm in length) Reason (R) An organelle is a distinct part of cell (b) Bacteria are 3-5 µm in length which has a particular structure and function. (c) The largest cell is the egg of an ostrich (d) Nerve cells are some of the smallest cells 109 Assertion (A) Cell is an open system. 118 Select the incorrect statement. NEET 2016 Reason (R) Cell receives a number of materials including energy containing nutrients from outside and (a) Bacterial cell wall is made up of peptidoglycan also release metabolic wastes into its surroundings. (b) Pili and fimbriae are mainly involved in motility of bacterial cells 110 Assertion (A) The cisternae in Golgi complex have (c) Cyanobacteria lack flagellated cells cis face and trans face. (d) Mycoplasma is a wall less microorganism Reason (R) The cis face is also called forming face 119 Select the incorrect statement about prokaryotic and trans face is also called maturing face. ribosomes. 111 Assertion (A) In prokaryotes, mitochondria are (a) 50S and 30S subunits unite to form 70S ribosomes absent. (b) Polysome consists of many ribosomes attached to tRNA Reason (R) In prokaryotes, mesosomes are present (c) Ribosome is the site of protein synthesis which help in respiration. (d) Polysomes indicate the synthesis of identical 112 Assertion (A) Mitochondria and chloroplast are polypeptides in multiple copies semiautonomous organelles. 120 Which of the following statements is incorrect for Reason (R) These are formed by the division of prokaryotic inclusion bodies? pre-existing organelles as well as they contain DNA, (a) These are storage granules in the cytoplasm but lack protein synthesising machinery. (b) They are membrane bound structures 113 Assertion (A) Peroxisomes are involved in (c) Phosphate granules, cyanophycean granules and photorespiration of the plant cells and help in lipid glycogen granules are the examples of cell inclusions metabolism in animal cells. (d) Gas vacuole is found in BGA and purple and green Reason (R) These are the cell garbage disposal system. photosynthetic bacteria 121 Which of the following statements is incorrect about 128 Which is incorrect with reference to chloroplast? the plasma membrane? JIPMER 2018 (a) The ratio of proteins and lipid varies considerably in (a) Presence in algae and plants different cell types (b) Releases O2 (b) 52% protein and 40% lipids are in the membrane of (c) Occurs only in cells with aerobic respiration human RBCs (d) All of the above (c) Integral proteins are found on the intracellular surface of cell membrane 129 Identify the incorrect statement about plastids. (d) Head of lipid is hydrophilic (a) Found in all plant cells and euglenoids 122 Choose the incorrect statement regarding cell (b) These are large in size membrane. (c) Bear some specific pigments (a) Generally smaller molecules pass easily without energy (d) None of the above requirement by passive transport 130 Choose the incorrect statement for ribosomes. (b) Water soluble substances pass through it less rapidly (a) Granular, not surrounded by any membrane than lipid soluble substances (b) Eukaryotic ribosomes are 80S and prokaryotic (c) Neutral solutes move across it by simple diffusion ribosomes are 70S (d) None of the above (c) ‘S’ stands for sedimentation coefficient 123 Which one is incorrect about osmosis? (d) None of the above (a) It is a specific form of diffusion 131 Which of the following statements is incorrect? (b) It refers to the movement of water along its (a) Both the centrioles in a centrosome lie perpendicular to concentration gradient each other (c) It is a passive movement of water (b) Centrioles form the basal body of spindle fibres only (d) It occurs through a carrier protein and needs ATP (c) Each centriole has an organisation like that of a 124 Which of the following is the correct statement for cartwheel middle lamella of eukaryotic cell? (d) Centrosome usually contains two cylindrical centrioles (a) It is formed as a cell plate during cytokinesis 132 Choose the incorrect statement. (b) It mainly consists of Ca-pectate (a) Centrosome is cytoplasmic structure of animal cells (c) It holds different neighbouring cells together (b) Centrioles form spindle poles (d) All of the above (c) Centriole is membrane less, but surrounded by amorphous pericentriolar bodies 125 Which of the following statements is incorrect about (d) Centrosome occurs in all eukaryotic cells lysosomes? NEET 2019 (a) The hydrolytic enzymes of lysosomes are active under 133 Which of the following statements is not correct? acidic pH (a) Human cheek cells have an outer membrane as the (b) Lysosomes are membrane bound structures delimiting structure (c) Lysosomes are formed by the process of packaging in (b) Genetic material is contained in the nucleus of the the endoplasmic reticulum eukaryotes cells (d) Lysosomes have numerous hydrolytic enzymes (c) The cytoplasm is the main arena of cellular activities in both plant and animal cells 126 Which of the following statements is correct? (d) Centriole is non-membranous and commonly found in (a) In Amoeba, contractile vacuole is important for plant cells excretion and osmoregulation (b) In many cells as in protists, food vacuoles are formed 134 Which of the following is incorrect about the by engulfing the food particles microbodies? (c) Vacuole is always small sized in all cells of plant (a) These are present in bacteria (d) Both (a) and (b) (b) Minute membranous vesicles 127 Which of the following statements regarding (c) These are present in plants and animals mitochondria is incorrect? NEET 2019 (d) These have various enzymes (a) Enzymes of electron transport are embedded in outer membrane 135 Which of the following is true for nucleolus? (b) Inner membrane is convoluted with infoldings NEET 2018 (c) Mitochondrial matrix contains single circular DNA (a) It takes part in spindle formation molecules and ribosomes (b) It is a membrane-bound structure (d) Outer membrane is permeable to monomers of (c) Larger nucleoli are present in dividing cells carbohydrates, fats and proteins (d) It is the site for active ribosomal RNA synthesis 136 Which one is correct about the Nuclear Membranes 141 Ribosomes are (NMs)? I. Non-membrane bound. (a) Both the NMs never fuse II. Absent in plastids and mitochondria. (b) Both the NMs are always parallel to each other and III. Present in the cytoplasm and RER. never fuse (c) Both NMs are parallel to each other and fuse to form IV. Take part in protein synthesis. nuclear pores at a number of places Which of the following option is most appropriate? (d) Inner NM is attached with ribosomes (a) Only II is correct 137 Which of the following statements is not correct? (b) I and II are correct (a) A single human cell has 2 m long thread of DNA (c) I, II, III and IV are correct (b) Part of chromosomes after second constriction is called (d) I, III and IV are correct telomere 142 Mitochondria and chloroplasts are (c) Centromere forms first site of constriction I. Semiautonomous organelles. (d) Chromatin consists of DNA, RNA, histones and II. Formed by division of pre-existing organelles and they non-histones contain DNA, but lack protein synthesising 138 Select the right option, which relates to Schwann machinery. regarding the following statements. Which one of the following options is correct? I. He reported that cells have a thin outer layer, which is NEET 2016 today known as plasma membrane. (a) II is true, but I is false II. Cell wall is a unique character of the plant cell only. (b) I is true, but II is false III. Body of plants and animals are composed of cells and (c) Both I and II are false product of cells. (d) Both I and II are correct Choose the correct option from below. 143 Consider following features. NEET 2019 (a) All are incorrect I. Double membrane bound organelle. (b) Only III is correct II. Contain 70S ribosomes and RNA. (c) All are correct III. Possess small circular DNA. (d) II and III are correct Select the correct option of organelle groups which 139 Choose the correct statements from the codes given possess all the above characteristics. below. (a) Nucleus, centrosome, mitochondria I. Schleiden studies were based on different kinds of (b) Nucleus, mitochondria and chloroplast plant cells and tissues. (c) Mitochondria and chloroplast II. An incomplete cell structure does not ensure (d) Chloroplast and vacuole independent living. 144 Consider the following statements and choose the III. Cells of plant tissues are often connected with one option containing the correct statements. another through cytoplasmic bridges called I. The endomembrane system includes plasma membrane, plasmodesmata. ER, Golgi complex, lysosomes and vacuoles. IV. Human check cells do not possess a cell wall. II. ER helps in the transport of substances, synthesis of Codes proteins, lipoproteins and glycogen. (a) II and III (b) I and II III. Ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis. (c) I, III and IV (d) I, II, III and IV IV. Mitochondria helps in oxidative phosphorylation and 140 Mesosomes are the infoldings of cell membrane, generation of ATP. which (a) I, II, III and IV (b) Only I I. help in cell wall formation, DNA replication and (c) Only II (d) Only III respiration. 145 Which of the following statements are true about II. increase the surface area of plasma membrane. endoplasmic reticulum? III. are present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. I. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) makes lipids. Which of the following option is most appropriate? II. It is also called the control centre of the cell. (a) II and III are correct III. It processes carbohydrates. (b) I and II are correct IV. It modifies chemicals that are toxic to the cell. (c) I and III are correct (a) I, II and III (b) I, III and IV (d) I, II and III are correct (c) I and IV (d) All of these 146 Which of the following statements depict the function 149 I. Cilium/flagellum contains an outer ring of nine of cell wall? doublet microtubules surrounding two singlet I. Provides shape to the cell. microtubules. II. Cilia are smaller, which work like oars, causing the II. Protects the cell from mechanical damage and movement of either the cells or surrounding fluid. infection. III. Flagella are comparatively longer and responsible for III. Helps in cell to cell interaction. cell movement. IV. Provides barrier to undesirable macromolecules. IV. Cilium and flagellum are covered with plasma V. Imbibes water. membrane. (a) Only V (b) Only IV Which of the above statements are correct? (c) II, IV and V (d) All of these (a) I and II (b) I, II, III and IV 147 A student made a pictorial representation of a (c) I and IV (d) II and III eukaryotic cell membrane and labelled the components as follows. 150 Consider the following statements. Protein A I. Inclusion bodies in prokaryotic cells are bound by a Sugar Glycolipid (integral protein) single membrane. II. Gas vacuoles are inclusion bodies in purple and green Lipid bilayer photosynthetic bacteria. Select the correct option (a) I is true, II is false (b) Both I and II are false (c) I is false, II is true (d) Both I and II are true 151 Consider the following statements Protein B I. Mesosomes and chromatophores are membranous (Peripheral protein) structures in the prokaryotic cells. The student has made errors while labelling the II. Chromatophores are pigment containing structures in components of membrane. Which of the following cyanobacteria. statements hold true regarding the error? Select the correct option. I. Protein A should be labelled as trans-membrane (a) I is true, II is false (b) Both I and II are false protein only and not as integral protein. (c) I is false, II is true (d) Both I and II are true II. The polarity of the protein A should be reversed 152 Consider the following statements. because the cytosolic phase always shows reducing I. In the plasma membrane of human erythrocytes, lipids environment. are present in negligible amount. III. Glycolipid should be labelled as glycoprotein. II. The fluidity of plasma membrane ensures mobility of IV. Protein B should be labelled as integral membrane lipid molecules across the bilayer. protein and not as peripheral glycoprotein. Select the correct option. (a) I and II (b) III and IV (c) II and III (d) I and IV (a) I is true, II is false (b) Both I and II are false 148 Consider the given statements. (c) I is false, II is true (d) Both I and II are true I. The surface area available for cellular functions in a prokaryotic cell is less than that in an eukaryotic cell. III. Matching Type Questions II. The total genome size of a prokaryotic cell is always 153 Match the following columns. less than that of a eukaryotic cell. Column I Column II III. Unlike eukaryotes, no respiratory structures are found (Scientists) (Discoveries/Proposed theories) in prokaryotes. Hence, they respire at a much lesser A. Leeuwenhoek 1. First saw and described a living cell rate than eukaryotes. B. Robert Brown 2. Presence of cell wall is unique to plant IV. Eukaryotic cells show various membrane bound cells organelles such as chloroplasts and nucleus, while C. Schleiden 3. Discovered the nucleus ribosomes are the only membrane bound organelles D. Schwann 4. All plants are composed of different kind found in prokaryotes. of cells Which of these statements is/are true? Codes (a) I and II (b) Only IV A B C D A B C D (c) Only III (d) I, II and IV (a) 1 3 4 2 (b) 1 3 2 4 (c) 3 1 4 2 (d) 1 4 2 3 154 Match the following columns. Codes A B C D A B C D Column I Column II (a) 3 4 1 2 (b) 1 2 4 3 (Cells) (Features) (c) 3 2 1 4 (d) 3 2 4 1 A. RBCs 1. Branched and long 158 Match the following columns. B. WBCs 2. Long and narrow Column I Column II (Cell organelles) (Functions) C. Columnar epithelial cell 3. Amoeboid A. Lysosomes 1. Hydrolytic activity D. Nerve cell 4. Round and biconcave B. Ribosomes 2. Formation of spindle Codes C. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum 3. Protein synthesis A B C D A B C D (a) 2 3 4 1 (b) 3 2 1 4 D. Centriole 4. Steroid synthesis (c) 4 3 2 1 (d) 4 2 3 1 Codes 155 Match the following columns. CBSE-AIPMT 2014 A B C D (a) 2 1 3 4 Column I Column II (b) 1 3 4 2 A. Centriole 1. Infoldings in mitochondria (c) 1 4 3 2 B. Chlorophyll 2. Thylakoids (d) 4 3 1 2 C. Cristae 3. Nucleic acids 159 Match the following columns. D. Ribozymes 4. Basal body of cilia or flagella Column I Column II Codes (Cell organelles) (Functions) A B C D A B C D A. RER 1. Intracellular and extracellular (a) 4 2 1 3 (b) 1 2 4 3 digestion (c) 1 3 2 4 (d) 4 3 1 2 B. SER 2. Lipid synthesis 156 Match the following columns. C. Golgi complex 3. Protein synthesis and secretion Column I Column II D. Lysosomes 4. Moves materials out of the cells (Cell organelles) (Functions) A. Sphaerosomes 1. Glycolate metabolism Codes B. Peroxisomes 2. Transport of macromolecules A B C D A B C D C. Plasmodesmata 3. RNA synthesis (a) 3 2 4 1 (b) 2 3 4 1 D. Nucleolus 4. Lipid storage (c) 1 3 2 4 (d) 4 2 3 1 160 Match the following columns. NEET (Odisha) 2019 Codes A B C D Column I Column II (a) 2 3 4 1 (Cell organelles) (Functions) (b) 3 4 1 2 A. Golgi apparatus 1. Synthesis of protein (c) 1 2 3 4 B. Lysosomes 2. Trap waste and excretory (d) 4 1 2 3 products C. Vacuoles 3. Formation of glycoproteins 157 Match the following columns. and glycolipids Column I Column II D. Ribosomes 4. Digesting biomolecules (Cell organelles) (Functions) Codes A. Endoplasmic reticulum 1. Take part in cellular respiration A B C D B. Free-ribosome 2. Take part in osmoregulation and (a) 3 4 2 1 excretion (b) 4 3 1 2 C. Mitochondrion 3. Synthesis of lipids (c) 3 2 4 1 D. Contractile vacuole 4. Synthesise non-secretory proteins (d) 1 2 4 3 CHAPTER 08 > Cell : The Unit of Life 203 NCERT & NCERT Exemplar MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS NCERT 168 What is the function of polysome ? 161 Which of the following is not correct? (a) Active protein synthesis (a) Robert Brown discovered the cell (b) Formation of multiple copies of same polypeptide (b) Schleiden and Schwann formulated the cell theory (c) Both (a) and (b) (c) Virchow explained that cells are formed from (d) None of the above pre-existing cells (d) An unicellular organism carries out its life activities within a single cell NCERT Exemplar 169 Which one of these is not an eukaryote? 162 New cells generate from (a) Euglena (a) bacterial fermentation (b) Anabaena (b) regeneration of old cells (c) Spirogyra (c) pre-existing cells (d) Agaricus (d) abiotic materials 170 Which of the following features is common to 163 Which of the following is correct? prokaryotes and many eukaryotes? (a) Cells of all living organisms have a nucleus (a) Chromatin material present (b) Both animal and plant cells have well-defined cell wall (b) Cell wall present (c) In prokaryotes, there are no membrane bound (c) Nuclear membrane present organelles (d) Membrane bound subcellular organelles present (d) Cells are formed de novo from abiotic materials 171 Which of the following is not true for an eukaryotic 164 Match the following columns. cell? Column I Column II (a) Cell wall is made up of peptidoglycans A. Cristae 1. Flat membranous sacs in stroma (b) It has 80S type of ribosome present in the cytoplasm (c) Mitochondria contain circular DNA B. Cisternae 2. Infolding in mitochondria (d) Membrane bound organelles are present C. Thylakoid 3. Disc-shaped sacs in Golgi apparatus 172 Different cells have different sizes. Arrange the Codes following cells in an ascending order of their size. A B C A B C Choose the correct option among the followings. (a) 1 2 3 (b) 2 3 1 I. Mycoplasma (c) 3 1 2 (d) 3 2 1 II. Ostrich eggs 165 Identify the functions performed by mesosome in III. Human RBC prokaryotic cell. IV. Bacteria (a) Helps in cell wall formation (a) I, IV, III, II (b) I, II, III, IV (b) Increases the surface area of plasma membrane (c) II, I, III, IV (d) III, II, I, IV (c) Helps in DNA replication 173 Which one of the following statements is not true for (d) All of the above plasma membrane? 166 Name two cell organelles that are double membrane (a) It is present in both plant and animal cells bound. (b) Lipid is present as a bilayer in it (a) Mitochondria and ribosomes (c) Proteins are present integrated as well as loosely (b) Mitochondria and chloroplasts associated with the lipid bilayer (c) Chloroplasts and ribosomes (d) Carbohydrate is never found in it (d) Lysosomes and mitochondria 174 Who proposed the fluid mosaic model of plasma 167 What are gas vacuoles? membrane? (a) Pseudovacuoles (a) Camillo Golgi (b) Characteristic feature of certain cells (b) Schleiden and Schwann (c) Take part in buoyancy regulation (c) Singer and Nicolson (d) All of the above (d) Robert Brown 175 Which of the following statements is true for a 179 Select one, which is not true for ribosomes. secretory cell? (a) Made up of two subunits (a) Golgi apparatus is absent (b) Form polysome (b) Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) is easily (c) May attach to mRNA observed in the cell (d) Have no role in protein synthesis (c) Only Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) is present 180 Which of the following is not a function of (d) Secretory granules are formed in nucleus cytoskeleton in a cell ? 176 What is a tonoplast? (a) Intracellular transport (a) Outer membrane of mitochondria (b) Maintenance of cell shape and structure (b) Inner membrane of chloroplast (c) Support of the organelle (c) Membrane boundary of the vacuole of plant cells (d) Cell motility (d) Cell membrane of a plant cell 181 A common characteristic feature of plant sieve tube 177 The stain used to visualise mitochondria is cells and most of mammalian erythrocytes is (a) fast green (b) safranin (a) the absence of mitochondria (c) acetocarmine (d) janus green (b) the presence of cell wall 178 Plastid differs from mitochondria on the basis of one (c) the presence of haemoglobin of the following features. Mark the right answer. (d) the absence of nucleus (a) The presence of two layers of membrane 182 Which of the following stains is not used for staining (b) The presence of ribosomes chromosomes? (c) The presence of thylakoids (a) Basic fuschsin (b) Safranin (d) The presence of DNA (c) Methylene blue (d) Carmine Answers ‡ Mastering NCERT with MCQs 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (a) 4 (c) 5 (b) 6 (b) 7 (a) 8 (b) 9 (a) 10 (c) 11 (d) 12 (d) 13 (c) 14 (b) 15 (b) 16 (d) 17 (b) 18 (c) 19 (d) 20 (d) 21 (c) 22 (d) 23 (b) 24 (c) 25 (c) 26 (d) 27 (a) 28 (b) 29 (a) 30 (c) 31 (d) 32 (c) 33 (c) 34 (b) 35 (a) 36 (c) 37 (b) 38 (c) 39 (d) 40 (c) 41 (b) 42 (a) 43 (d) 44 (d) 45 (b) 46 (c) 47 (a) 48 (c) 49 (b) 50 (b) 51 (d) 52 (c) 53 (a) 54 (a) 55 (d) 56 (b) 57 (b) 58 (b) 59 (b) 60 (b) 61 (b) 62 (c) 63 (b) 64 (a) 65 (b) 66 (d) 67 (b) 68 (a) 69 (b) 70 (d) 71 (a) 72 (b) 73 (a) 74 (d) 75 (b) 76 (c) 77 (b) 78 (b) 79 (a) 80 (d) 81 (d) 82 (b) 83 (a) 84 (a) 85 (b) 86 (c) 87 (c) 88 (d) 89 (b) 90 (d) 91 (b) 92 (c) 93 (d) 94 (b) 95 (a) 96 (d) 97 (d) 98 (c) 99 (d) 100 (b) 101 (a) 102 (a) 103 (b) 104 (b) 105 (c) ‡ NEET Special Types Questions 106 (a) 107 (c) 108 (a) 109 (a) 110 (b) 111 (b) 112 (c) 113 (c) 114 (c) 115 (b) 116 (c) 117 (d) 118 (b) 119 (b) 120 (b) 121 (c) 122 (d) 123 (d) 124 (d) 125 (c) 126 (d) 127 (a) 128 (c) 129 (d) 130 (d) 131 (b) 132 (d) 133 (d) 134 (a) 135 (d) 136 (c) 137 (b) 138 (c) 139 (d) 140 (b) 141 (d) 142 (b) 143 (c) 144 (a) 145 (b) 146 (d) 147 (b) 148 (a) 149 (b) 150 (c) 151 (d) 152 (b) 153 (a) 154 (c) 155 (a) 156 (d) 157 (a) 158 (b) 159 (a) 160 (a) ‡ NCERT & NCERT Exemplar Questions 161 (a) 162 (c) 163 (c) 164 (b) 165 (d) 166 (b) 167 (d) 168 (c) 169 (b) 170 (b) 171 (a) 172 (a) 173 (d) 174 (c) 175 (b) 176 (c) 177 (d) 178 (c) 179 (d) 180 (a) 181 (d) 182 (b)