Practice Test - Invasive Basics and Anatomy PDF

Here is the converted text from the images provided: ### Vol. 1 Practice Test-Unit A - Invasive Basics ### A1-Math Concepts **1.** The prefix "kilo" corresponds to: a. 10 b. 100 c. 1,000 d. 1,000,000 **2.** Which prefixes below are correctly arranged from largest to smallest? a. Kilo, mega,...

Here is the converted text from the images provided: ### Vol. 1 Practice Test-Unit A - Invasive Basics ### A1-Math Concepts **1.** The prefix "kilo" corresponds to: a. 10 b. 100 c. 1,000 d. 1,000,000 **2.** Which prefixes below are correctly arranged from largest to smallest? a. Kilo, mega, giga b. Mega, giga, kilo c. Giga, kilo, mega d. Giga, mega, kilo **3.** Convert 2 meters into inches. a. 48.1 in b. 50.8 in c. 78.7 in d. 127 in **4.** When using powers of 10, $1.0 x 10^5$ equals: a. 1000 b. 10,000 c. 100,000 d. 1,000,000 **5.** The number of capillaries in the body is approximately $3.0 x 10^9$. This is: a. 3 hundred thousand b. 3 million c. 3 hundred million d. 3 billion **6.** Convert the weight of a 200 pound man into kilograms. a. 79.3 Kg b. 90.9 Kg c. 110. Kg d. 126 Kg **7.** A patient puts on 0.5 Kg weight due to edema. How much water loss would cause this? a. 0.25 liters b. 0.5 liters c. 1.0 liters d. 1.5 liters **8.** What are the appropriate units used to measure aortic valve area? a. mm diameter b. $cm^2$ c. $cm^3$ d. Inch circumference **9.** ECG with paper speed of 50 mm/sec. The ECG strip shows one cycle. The duration of the cycle is 1 second. Measure the RR interval and calculate the heart rate on the ECG strip above which was run at paper speed 50 mm/sec. Use $HR = \frac{60}{RR interval}$ a. 60 beats/min b. 70 beats/min c. 80 beats/min d. 90 beats/min ### A2 - Patient Care **10.** Accidental infusion/infiltration of IV fluid into tissue around an IV site is termed a/an: a. Extravasation b. Extravenous irrigation c. Extramural tamponade d. Extra-parenteral discharge **11.** The opening in a single use sterile femoral drape sheet is called a: a. Lumen b. Window c. Foramen d. Access site e. Fenestration **12.** A major safety guideline to a person transferring a pre-medicated patient from a bed onto a gurney is: a. Transfer patients slowly b. Wear protective gloves and masks c. Get adequate assistance d. Use a heavy sheet to pull him over **13.** When charting in the medical record you should: a. Avoid generalizations like "appears, inadvertently, seems to..." b. Avoid writing with fountain pens with liquid ink c. Avoid documenting routine safety measures d. Chart care as you are planning it, NOT after it is given **14.** To be legally valid, what is the LATEST that the patient should sign the informed consent form? a. Before administration of preoperative medications (such as Demerol) b. Before administration of conscious sedation (such as Versed) c. Before any invasive incisions or percutaneous punctures are made d. Before any interventions are made (PTCA, stents...) **15.** All the following are true regarding informed consent for cardiac catheterization EXCEPT: a. Discussion should cover alternative treatments b. Only considered legal for 2-3 days from date of signature c. Consent must be obtained before patient receives sedation d. If not obtained, the patient has the right to sue for malpractice **16.** How should wheelchair footrests be positioned when moving the patient to or from the wheelchair? a. Moved aside b. Parallel to the floor c. Beneath the patient's feet d. Above the patient's feet **17.** What does this warning symbol with 3 broken semicircles stand for? a. Poison b. Fire danger c. Biohazard d. Radiation hazard **18.** What is the greatest danger of electric micro-shock? a. Skin burns b. Risk of fire c. Apnea and respiratory arrest d. Ventricular fibrillation and cardiac arrest **19.** Hospital codes for electrical safety require electrical power cords to be: a. Shielded coaxial 1 wire conductor, with 2 prong plug b. Shielded coaxial 2 wire conductor, with 3 prong plug c. Shielded coaxial 3 wire conductor, with 3 prong plug d. 3 wire conductor, with 3 prong plug ### Vol. 1 Practice Test: Unit B - Anatomy & Physiology **157.** Image of Aortic root coronaries Identify the coronary artery labeled #3 (inferior aspect of ventricular septum) in this coronary angiogram. a. Obtuse marginal b. Posterior descending c. Acute marginal (RV) d. Posterior lateral LV e. Circumflex **158.** Image of Aortic arch vessels Identify the artery labeled #3 in the thoracic angiogram shown. a. Right subclavian b. Right internal mammary c. Brachycephalic d. Right common carotid e. Right vertebral **159.** Image of Pelvis, Art./veins In this AP view of the right inguinal area, identify the vessel labeled at #1. a. Iliac vein b. Iliac artery c. Deep femoral (Profundus) artery d. Superficial femoral artery e. Femoral vein f. Saphenous vein **160.** The chief SIMILARITY between peripheral veins and lymphatic vessels is that they both: a. Are open at both ends b. Are closed on one end c. Drain towards the heart d. Drain away from the heart ### B9 - Vascular Physiology **161.** The elastic arteries filter and smooth out the pulsatile pressure within the aorta. This effect is termed the: a. Pulse or dynamic effect b. Reflectance or rigidity effect c. Peripheral or impedance effect d. Windkessel or compliance effect **162.** The cerebral circulation is a: a. Low-flow, low resistance system b. Low-flow, high resistance system c. High-flow, low resistance system d. High-flow, high resistance system **163.** What mechanism is PRIMARILY responsible for returning venous blood to the heart while walking? a. Gravity b. Vagal tone c. Skeletal muscle d. Arterial pressure **164.** An imbalance of Starling forces in the pulmonary capillaries may lead to pulmonary edema. The main force pushing fluid from the capillary into the interstitial lung space is: a. Osmotic pressure due to plasma proteins b. Alveolar and intrathoracic pressure c. Capillary hydrostatic pressure d. Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure **165.** Elevated blood angiotensin II levels cause: a. Capillary vasoconstriction b. Capillary vasodilation c. Arteriolar vasoconstriction d. Arteriolar vasodilation **166.** What chemical mediator initiates the inflammation response? a. Agglutinins b. Antigens c. Granuloma d. Histamine **167.** A class of medication used to treat hypertension and CHF that breaks the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone cycle is: a. Beta blocker b. CA channel blocker c. Parasympathetic blocker d. ACE inhibitor **168.** What is one physiologic parameter that does NOT normally rise with exercise? a. Stroke volume b. Ejection fraction c. Wedge pressure mean d. Diastolic blood pressure ### Vol. 1 Practice Test: Unit A - Invasive Basics **20.** You have just completed an echocardiogram. Your patient asks you to interpret the results of his diagnostic examination. Your response as a healthcare professional should be to: a. Say you don't know how to interpret results b. Explain that the physician will interpret it and report the results c. Explain that the final results are inconclusive d. Honestly interpret it to the best of your ability **21.** A lack of demonstrated care or skill, which is less than expected from a reasonable and prudent medical professional is termed: a. Assault b. Abandonment c. Negligence d. Battery **22.** If the following items appear in your patient's health history, which one is most probably significant in terms of predisposing her to hypertension? a. Having had 3 children in less than 4 years b. Having two grandparents who died of the disorder c. Having been underweight all of her life, including during pregnancies d. Having had most childhood communicable diseases, including German measles **23.** You are alone in the cath lab. Your patient arrives early on a stretcher outside the cath lab entrance. The orderly says he has to leave, but the side rails are up and safety strap is in place. You note that she is sleeping and secure, so you go next door to get some last minute supplies. While you are gone she somehow climbs off the stretcher, falls and breaks her hip. a. You can be charged with assault b. You can be charged with abandonment c. The orderly can be charged with malpractice d. You cannot be charged because all safety devices were in place **24.** A bruit is a: a. Type of hematoma b. Lung sound, caused by fluid accumulation in the alveoli c. Red spot on the skin caused by a small arterial embolus d. Sound heard over a blood vessel **25.** A Foley retention catheter is positioned in the and the balloon is inflated with the______ a. Intestine, Air b. Intestine, Saline c. Bladder, Air d. Bladder, Saline **26.** The admitting nurse reports that your patient has tachypnea. This means that your patient has: a. Rapid heart rate b. High blood pressure c. Rapid respiratory rate d. Labored breathing **27.** The criteria that identifies, measures, monitors, and evaluates patient care comes from: a. OSHA regulations b. Medicare guidelines c. Automated information systems d. Quality assurance programs **28.** The cardiologist gives the nurse a verbal telephone order to administer a medication to her patient stat. She should: a. Immediately give the medication b. Tell him telephone orders cannot be accepted c. Write the order down, then read it back to the physician for approval d. Restate the order in your own words to the physician, then write it down ### Vol. 1. Practice Test - Unit C- Pathology **169.** Image showing CW Doppler of Stenosis and Regurgitation in left heart valves This diagram shows continuous wave Doppler tracings from hearts with acquired valve disease. They are oriented so that a positive deflection indicates forward flow. Identify the valvular pathology labeled # 1. a. MR b. MS c. AS d. AR **170.** Image of AO & LV pressures & M-mode echos, with suprasternal Doppler This simultaneous tracing shows a parasternal mitral and aortic M-mode echocardiogram, aortic suprasternal notch Doppler, and LV & AO pressures. What pathology is indicated? a. Aortic Valve Prolapse b. Aortic Regurgitation (AR) c. Aortic Stenosis (AS) d. HOCM/IHSS **171.** The gallop heart sound associated with atrial contraction is the: a. (S1) 1st heart sound b. (S2) 2nd heart sound c. (S3) 3rd heart sound d. (S4) 4th heart sound **172.** Image demonstrating Aortic pulse tracing A patient's arterial pulse varies with every other beat as shown in the diagram. This abnormal pulse is termed: a. Pulsus alternans b. Pulsus bigeminus c. Pulsus bisferiens d. Pulsus tardus **173.** Image showing LV, aorta and LA (PAW) In the simultaneous pressure tracing diagram shown, identify the chamber/vessel labeled at #5 and the valvular disease it represents. a. AO, HOCM b. AO, AS c. AO, AR d. PAW, MS e. PAW, MR **174.** Which valve receives the LEAST amount of hemodynamic stress, and thus has the least likelihood of becoming incompetent? a. Tricuspid b. Pulmonic c. Mitral d. Aortic **175.** | PATIENT DATA | | | :----------- | :------------------------ | | HR | = 100 beats/min | | LVMF | = 5.0 L/min | | Thermo CO | = 3.5 L/min | This patient has both mitral regurgitation (MR) and mitral stenosis (MS). Use the data shown to calculate the forward stroke volume out the aortic valve. a. 25 ml/beat b. 35 ml/beat c. 50 ml/beat d. 85 ml/beat **176.** Mitral regurgitation (MR) is best imaged with an angiographic injection into the _____. a. Aortic root (AO) b. Left ventricle (LV) c. Left atrium (LA) d. Pulmonary artery (PA) **177.** As the level of LV work increases in chronic aortic stenosis (AS), these patients may develop: a. Peripheral edema b. Hemoptysis c. Angina d. Fever and chills **178.** Coronary driving pressure can be estimated by: a. AO systolic - LA mean b. AO diastolic - LA mean c. AO systolic - RA mean d. AO diastolic - RA mean **179.** Image showing Left heart catheter pullback Identify the obstruction seen in this LV-AO pullback pressure tracing. a. Valvular AS b. HOCM/IHSS c. Coarctation of AO d. Combined HOCM & AS **180.** In mitral stenosis there is a obstruction between the (chambers). a. Systolic, LA and LV b. Systolic, LV and AO c. Diastolic, LA and LV d. Diastolic, LV and AO **181.** Pulsus paradoxus is defined as: a. More than 10 mm Hg drop in the BP with inspiration b. More than 20 mm Hg elevation in the BP following a PVC c. Notched systolic arterial pressure wave d. An alternating high - low variation in the systolic BP ### C2- Pericardial & Myocardial **182.** In pericarditis the ECG shows: a. ST elevation in most of the leads b. Injury pattern in leads I and aVL c. Significant Q waves in leads II, aVF, and III d. Wide and bizarre QRS complexes **183.** A patient has equalization of RA, RV and LV diastolic pressure curves in addition to a "square root sign." What diagnosis is most likely? a. HOCM/IHSS b. Dilated cardiomyopathy c. Constrictive pericarditis d. Pericardial tamponade **184.** HOCM is associated with: a. Chronic insulin dependence b. Myocardial fiber disarray c. Pulmonary hypertension d. Eisenmenger's syndrome ### C3- Coronary Disease **185.** Thrombolytic drugs and PTCA used in acute MI within the initial 4-6 hrs of chest pain are methods of: a. Myocardial salvage b. Reviving necrosed myocardium c. Plaque reduction d. Clot prevention **186.** Hibernating myocardium: a. Recovers as soon as blood flow is restored b. Recovers in a period of hours after reperfusion c. Recovers in a period of days or months after reperfusion d. Never recovers **187.** Diagram of a blood vessel with measurements D1 and D2 In coronary angiography, the formula to calculate percent diameter stenosis is: a. $Percent Stenosis = 100\% \times (D2 -D1)/(D2)$ b. $Percent Stenosis = 100\% \times [1 - (D2-D1)/(D2)]$ c. $Percent Stenosis = 100\% \times (D2 -D1) \times D2$ d. $Percent Stenosis = 100\% \times (D1 /D2)$ **188.** Image showing Coronary arteriogram What coronary artery and view are shown? a. Dominant RCA in RAO view b. Non-dominant RCA in LAO view c. Dominant LCA in RAO view d. Non-dominant LCA in LAO view **189.** Image showing Coronary arteriogram From this angiogram you can tell that this patient has had: a. A circumflex stent placed b. A LAD stent placed c. Open heart surgery d. AV node ablation **190.** What coronary angiographic view is shown in this the diagram? a. Shallow RAO b. Steep RAO c. Shallow LAO d. Steep LAO **191.** What is shown at #5? a. Mid LCA noncritical eccentric lesion b. Mid LCA critical complex lesion c. Mid RCA noncritical eccentric lesion d. Mid RCA critical complex lesion **192.** Cardiac enzymes post MI The graph shows the levels of three enzymes (1, 2, and 3) over a 5 day period after MI. Enzyme 3 peaks at 2 days post MI and has the greatest relative value compared with Enzyme 1 and Enzyme 2. Which cardiac enzyme peaks late, usually 2 days after myocardial infarction, and rises highest above normal, as shown at #3? a. Troponin (TnT) b. CK-MB c. Myoglobin d. LD (Lactate dehydrogenase) **193.** Prinzemetal or variant angina typically occurs: a. During mental stress b. During exercise c. With acute MI d. At rest 194. In a 12-lead ECG, ST elevation in lead II, III, and aVF usually signify: a. Inferior wall injury b. Lateral wall injury c. Anterior wall injury d. An old inferior infarct **195.** Volume overload of the left ventricle is usually compensated with LV: a. Atrophy only b. Dilatation only c. Hypertrophy only d. Both dilatation and hypertrophy e. Both atrophy and dilatation **196.** Retention of sodium and water by the kidneys due to insufficient cardiac output is an example of: a. Starling's Law b. Poiseuille's Law c. Forward CHF d. Backward CHF **197.** Considering all types of shock, only one results in an elevated wedge pressure. It is: a. Anaphylactic shock b. Hypovolemic shock c. Cardiogenic shock d. Septic shock **198.** Both anaphylactic and hypovolemic shock should be treated with: a. IV fluid and Trendeleburg positioning b. IV fluid and reverse Trendeleburg positioning c. Diuretic and Trendelenburg positioning d. Diuretic and reverse Trendelenburg positioning ### C5 - Congenital **199.** For an intracardiac shunt to be cyanotic it must: a. Shunt right to left (R-L) b. Shunt left to right (L-R) c. Have an arterial PO2 lower than 70 mmHg d. Have an arterial PO2 greater than 70 mmHg