Q3-Module-3 PDF

SHS Introduction to Philosophy of the Human Person Week 3: Module 3 Introduction to Philosophy of the Human Person Grade 11/12: Week 3: Module 3 First Edition, 2020 Copyright © 2020 La Union Schools Division Region I All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any for...

SHS Introduction to Philosophy of the Human Person Week 3: Module 3 Introduction to Philosophy of the Human Person Grade 11/12: Week 3: Module 3 First Edition, 2020 Copyright © 2020 La Union Schools Division Region I All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form without written permission from the copyright owners. Development Team of the Module Author: Concepcion B. Dulay, T-III Editor: SDO La Union, Learning Resource Quality Assurance Team Illustrator: Ernesto F. Ramos Jr., P II Management Team: Atty. Donato D. Balderas, Jr. Schools Division Superintendent Vivian Luz S. Pagatpatan, Ph.D Assistant Schools Division Superintendent German E. Flora, Ph.D, CID Chief Virgilio C. Boado, Ph.D, EPS in Charge of LRMS Lorna O. Gaspar, EPS in Charge of Intro. To Philosophy of the Human Person Michael Jason D. Morales, PDO II Claire P. Toluyen, Librarian II ii  Introduction to Philosophy of the Human Person Week 3: Module 3 3 ii  Target This learning material helps you to know that in philosophy, the adjective transcendental and the noun transcendence convey the basic ground concept from the world’s literal meaning (from Latin) of climbing or going beyond, with varying connotations in its different historical and cultural stages. The fact that we have a soul that is capable of coming to life and experiencing profound and hidden values, which the flesh and its senses can never discover alone. This spirituality in us is identified with the divine image in our soul. This learning material is divided into 2 lessons namely:  Lesson I: Limits the Human Body Imposes and Possibilities for Transcendence  Lesson 2: Own Limitations and the Possibilities for their Transcendence After going through this module, you are expected to: 1. Relate the three main spiritual philosophies namely Hinduism, Buddhism and Christianity 2. Explain the nature of the human person as embodied spirit 3. Accept that a human being has a supernatural, transcendental destiny that can rise above one’s ordinary being or self to a highest being or self. 4. Show appreciation and gratitude to people who help you to be you spiritually and morally 4  Jumpstart Activity 1- Sensitivity Check Directions: What are your views about the paragraph. Write your views on the blanks provided. Ako ay Ako …Kaya kong itapon o wasakin ang hindi akma at panatilihin ang mga naakma At lumikha o kumatha ng mga bago, kapalit ng mga itinapon o winasak. Ako ay nakakikita, nakaririnig, nakadarama, nakaiisip, nakapagsasalita at nakagagawa. Ako ay may kakayahan upang mabuhay at maging malapit sa kapwa. Maging kapaki-pakinabang at makaimpluwensya sa mga tao at mga bagay. Ako ang nagmamay- ari sa akin, samakatuwid kaya kong pamahalaan ang aking sarili, Ako ay ako, at ako ay okay. __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Activity 2: Development on the Different Stages of life Directions: Complete the chart below. Make sure that you ask or consult your parents or any adult who have witnessed your development and reflect before you write your answer. Copy and fill out the chart. AGE THINGS THAT I CAN DO THINGS THAT I CANNOT DO 0-3 4-7 8-11 12-15 16 UP 5 Enrichment Activity 3: Knowing My Limitations Directions: Answer the following questions briefly and substantially. Write your answer on the space provided below. 1. What are your limitations as a person? What are the things that you consider as difficult or hard for you to accomplish or believe in? ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 2. What are your strengths? What are the possible things or status that you can reach or achieve in the future? ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 3. What are the factors affecting your limitations? How about possibilities? ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 4. Do you see yourself improving in 5-10 years’ time? How can you say that you are improving? ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 5. How can you transcend from your current limitations? ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Rubrics 1.Completeness (5 points) -Does your response directly Excellent Very Good Good Need answer each part of the (5) (3-4) (2) Improvement assignment question(s)? (0-1) 2. Knowledge (10 points) - Does your response clearly show you have read and understand the Excellent Very good Good Need lesson content by (9-10) (8-7) (7-6) Improvement correctly defining key (0-5) 6  terms, key persons and summarizing concepts? -Have you made inferences based on this knowledge to personal or modern-day applications? 3. Analysis (5 points) -Have you clearly state analysis and give examples to Excellent Very Good Good Need back them up? (5) (3-4) (2) Improvement _ Does your response provide (0-1) analysis to the larger concepts of the lesson? 4.Writing Skills (5 points) _ Do you write clearly, in complete sentences, with Excellent Very Good Good Need minimal errors in grammar (5) (4-3) (2) Improvement and spelling? Did you use the (0-1) APA Method of Citation where needed? Discover Lesson I: Limits the Human Body Imposes and Possibilities for Transcendence The Human Person as an Embodied Spirit According to St. Thomas of Aquinas in his Summa Theologia, “the body is not of the essence of the soul; but the soul by the nature of its essence can be united to the body, so that, properly speaking, not the soul alone, but the “composite,” is the species. And the very fact that the soul in a certain way requires the body for its operation proves that the soul is endowed with a grade of intellectuality inferior to that of an angel, who is not united to a body. What is the characteristic of the human person as a self with an immortal soul and as a composite of body and soul? The Union of Body and Soul The philosopher Aristotle in his book De Anima II, stated the union of body and soul, “The soul is the source of these phenomena and is characterized by them, viz. by the power of self- nutrition, sensation, thinking and movement; further, since it is the soul by which primarily we live, perceive and think- it follows that the soul 7 must be an account and essence, not matter or subject… it is the soul which is the quality of a certain kind of body.” In De Anima II, Aristotle explains that the primary principle of what animates man- from nourishment to understanding-is the soul, which is united with the body as its form. The soul is said to be essentially the form of the body, but for Aristotle, it is not because the soul is merged with the body. The soul has the power of communicating its existence to the body not just through movement (locomotion) but also through understanding or thinking (knowledge). Hence, the existence of man is viewed as a whole body and soul are distinct from each other. On the other hand, St. Thomas of Aquinas addressed the mind-body problem by characterizing human nature as body and soul: “Man is composed of spiritual and corporeal substance.” In Summa Theologica, he also addressed the following concerns about the nature of the soul as a body: (1) it is the body’s moving principle; (2) knowledge of corporeal things is caused by likeness; hence to know of the body is to be like it in nature; and (3) the soul moves the body, and movement happens through contact; hence the soul must be a body because contact happens between bodies. You may notice the way St. Thomas of Aquinas conceives the soul is an affirmation and development of Aristotle’s ideas. It is both clear in their accounts that the soul creates knowledge and movement in a body as a first principle of life. Moreover, to justify this claim, St. Thomas distinguished between the kinds of mover and moved. The thing which is moved accidentally does not cause invariable movement-that is, the soul-while what is moved essentially is the body. Thus, it is not right to believe that the soul is a body in this distinction between relations of mover and moved. For the second concern, St. Thomas explained that knowledge of a corporeal body does not necessarily entails that there should be necessary likeness to the thing which needs to be known. Hence the soul, to know the body, does not necessarily mean that it has to be a body, or be corporeal, as well. Finally, on the concern about contact, St. Thomas distinguished between contact of quality and contact of power. With power, a body is in contact with another body; but under the contact of quality, a body can be touched by an incorporeal thing. In the given characterization, it is evident that St. Thomas is certain that the soul is not a body. Consequently, after establishing that the soul is not a body, it has to be explained whether it subsists because for a long time during the ancient age, it was believed that all that exists are only corporeal or material substances. According to Thomas Merton (1948), a Trappist monk, there is no other way for us to find who we are than by finding in ourselves the divine image. We have to struggle to regain spontaneous and vital awareness of our own spirituality. Merton talks about a continual movement away from inner and outer idols and toward union with the desert God of his Christian faith. Human Nature as Freedom The concept of bad faith and its reality in the philosophy of Sartre suggests that it is a difficult task to live an authentic life because living an authentic life requires 8 one to transcend (to go beyond) the nothingness (to create a perpetual free-for-itself which is haunted by the nothingness itself is both a challenge and a revelation of how man can become). In more ways than one, you must realize that the freedom as Sartre asserts is the choice of autonomy. You may choose to see your perpetual freedom either as a limit or as a possibility. How? Sartre asserted: “I am condemned to be free”. As stated, freedom is not about wanting to do things but the being-for- itself acting upon autonomous choices. What does this imply? You make your choice and you take responsibility for your choice. Blaming others is not a possibility for a human whose actions were guided by his or her freedom. To be totally free opens you to a multitude of possibilities, yet it may limit you because the future project is not yet your being. Bad faith is as real as transcendence. How do you exercise your freedom if you know that there are others like you who are also condemned to freedom. Hinduism Brahman Is Self-Hood At the heart of Hinduism lies the idea of human beings’ quest for absolute truth, so that one’s soul and the Brahman or Atman (Absolute Soul) might become one. For the Indians, God first created sound and the universe arose from it. As the most sacred sound, The Aum (Om) is the root of the universe and everything that exists and it continues to hold everything together. According to Hinduism, human beings have a dual nature: one is the spiritual and immortal essence (soul); the other is empirical life and character. Between the two natures, however, it is maintained that it is the soul that is ultimately real. The existence of the body, in fact, is considered as nothing more than an illusion and even an obstacle to an individual’s realization of one’s real self. Generally, Hindus believe that the soul is eternal but is bound by the law of Karma (action) to the world of matter, which it can escape only after spiritual progress through an endless series of births. God allots rewards and punishments to all beings according to their karma (Puligandia 1997). Similar to a prisoner enclosed within the wall of his person, a human being’s soul can be said to be temporarily encased in his body. For this reason, humanity’s basic goal in life is the liberation (moksha) of spirit (jiva). Hinduism holds that humanity’s life is a continuous cycle (samsara). While it is the spirit is neither born nor does it die, the body, on the other hand, goes through a trans migratory series of birth and death. Transmigration or metempsychosis is a doctrine that adheres to the belief that a person’s soul passes into some other creature, human, or animal. If the person has led a good life, the soul goes upward the scale. The soul of an evil person, on the other hand, may pass into the body of an animal. Hinduism: Reincarnation and Karma An interesting Hindu belief is the transmigration of souls, reincarnation or “metempsychosis”. Essential Hinduism is based on the belief in karma and has its first literary expression in Upanishads. Everything in this life, say the Hindus, is a consequence of actions performed in previous existence. Only by building up a fine record, or” karma”, can final salvation be achieved. This doctrine is the very old one. 9 For the Jains, there is nothing mightier in the world than karma; karma trample down all powers, as an elephant to a clump of lotuses (Puliganda 2007). The Buddhists took it over in large part when they broke away from Brahmanism. Buddhism: From Tears to Enlightenment Gautama’s life was devoted to sharing his “Dharma” or Law of Salvation- a simple presentation of the gospel of inner cultivation of right spiritual attitudes, coupled with self-imposed discipline whereby bodily desires would be channeled in the right directions. He omitted any appeal to the gods as currently conceived; definitely rejected philosophical speculations; and spurned all recourse to ancient scriptures, outmoded rituals, or priestly incantations. Convinced that the way of escape from sin and misery lay in the transformation of one’s mind and that liberation could come only with a sloughing off of all vain clinging to the things of this life, Buddha set about sharing his discovery with anyone who would listen to him. The teaching of Buddha has been set forth traditionally in the “Four Noble Truths” leading to the “Eightfold Path” to perfect character or archatship, which in turn gave assurance of entrance into Nirvana at death. In the Four Noble Truths, Gautama taught: (1) life is full of suffering; (2) suffering is caused by passionate desires, lusts, cravings; (3) only as these are obliterated, will suffering cease; (4) such eradication of desire may be accomplished only by following the Eightfold Path of earnest endeavor. These steps are: (1) right belief in acceptance of the “Fourfold Truth”; (2) right aspiration for one’s self and for others; (3) right speech that harms no one; (4) right conduct, motivated by goodwill toward all human beings; (5) right means of livelihood, or earning one’s living by honorable means; (6) right endeavor, or effort to direct one’s energies toward wise ends; (7) right mindfulness in choosing topics for thought; and (8) right meditation, or concentration to the point of complete absorption in mystic ecstasy. For Velasquez (1999), “Items 1 and 2 enjoin us to develop wisdom, items 3-5 urge us to practice virtue and avoid vice, and items 6-8 tell us to practice meditation. We do this essentially by following three short axioms: cease to do evil, learn to do good, and purify your own mind.” The way to salvation, in other words, lies through self-abnegation, rigid discipline of mind and body, a consuming love for all living creatures, and the final achievement of that state of consciousness which marks an individual’s full preparation for entering the Nirvana (enlightened wisdom) of complete selflessness. In this state, the effects of the Law of Cause and Effect (karma)are overcome; the Cycle of Rebirth is broken; and one may rest in the calm assurance of having attained a heavenly bliss that will stretch into all eternity. 10 Buddhism: Nirvana Nirvana means the state in which one is absolutely free from all form of bondage and attachment. It means to overcome and remove the cause of suffering. It is also the state of perfect insight into the nature of existence. The Buddhists see one who has attained nirvanas one who is unencumbered from all the fetters that bind a human being to existence (i.e., wealth). He has perfect knowledge, perfect peace, and perfect wisdom (Aguilar 2010). When the Buddha was asked whether one who attains nirvana exists or ceases to exist after death, he simply refused to answer the question and instead maintained complete silence. The question is seen as inappropriate that any attempt to answer it can only lead into the quagmire of idle metaphysical speculations and futile philosophical disputes. The Buddha did not want his disciples to concern themselves with purely speculative problems. Further, the Buddha’s silence is due to his awareness that nirvana is a state that transcends every mundane experience and hence cannot be talked about; for all talk is possible only within the perceptual- conceptual realm. Nirvana is beyond the sense, language, and thought (Puligandla 2007). Another false conception regarding nirvana is that one who attains it, cuts himself/herself off from the world of toil, tears, and turmoil and spends his/her life in a state of total inactivity and indifference to the world around him. Far from living a passive life, the Buddha from the day of his enlightenment until death is always surrounded by people (Puligandla 2007). It is, thus, absurd to describe nirvanas a state of inactivity, stupor, and indifference. One who has attained enlightenment is a non-attachment. This means that as one attains wisdom, one desires nothing for himself but always works for the well-being and liberation of his fellow humans. This way of life conforms to Buddha’s teaching that wisdom consists in trending the Middle Way, avoiding the extreme of ascetism, inactivity, and indifference on the one hand and that of frantic activity and mindless pursuit of pleasure on the other. The nirvanic man, according to Puligandla (2007), is the true follower of the Buddha, in that, he neither always sits absorbed in meditation nor always involved in activity. He is the living testimony that the middle way is indeed the way to enlightenment. Explore Activity 2: What Have I Learned So Far Direction: Answer briefly and substantially the following questions. Write your answer on the lines provided. 11  1. What are the substances that comprise man? ______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 2. Based on the eightfold path, which is most important for you to cultivate in your life at present especially in this time of pandemic? ______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 3. How did St. Thomas argue that the soul is in contact with the body, yet it is not corporeal? ___________________________________________________________________________ Rubrics 1.Completeness (5 points) -Does your response directly Excellent (5) Very Good Good Need answer each part of the (3-4) (2) Improvement assignment question(s)? (0-1) 2. Knowledge (10 points) - Does your response clearly show you have read and understand the lesson Excellent Very good Good Need content by correctly (9-10) (8-7) (7-6) Improvement defining key terms, key (0-5) persons and summarizing concepts? -Have you made inferences based on this knowledge to personal or modern-day applications? 3. Analysis (5 points) -Have you clearly state analysis and give examples to back them Excellent Very Good Good Need up? (5) (3-4) (2) Improvement _ Does your response provide (0-1) analysis to the larger concepts of the lesson? 4.Writing Skills (5 points) _ Do you write clearly, in complete sentences, with Excellent Very Good Good Need minimal errors in grammar and (5) (4-3) (2) Improvement spelling? Did you use the APA (0-1) 12  Method of Citation where needed? Deepen Activity 3: My Reflection Direction: Write a paragraph on a separate sheet of paper following the guide questions. 1. What is the implication of man if the soul is subsistent and incorporeal? 2. Will there be difference to human nature if the soul is material and corporeal? 3. How can faith be translated into action? Discover Lesson 2: Own Limitations and the Possibilities for their Transcendence St. Augustine of Hippo and St. Thomas of Aquinas St Augustine quotes, “Faith is to believe what you do not see; the reward of this faith is to see what you believe.” The Biblical God and Humanity For St. Augustine (354-430 CE), philosophy is amor sapiential, the love of wisdom; its aims to produce happiness. For Augustine, wisdom is not just an abstract logical construction; but it is substantially existent as the Divine Logos. Hence philosophy, is the love of God: it is then, religious. Teachings of Christianity are based on the love of God, which Augustine’s, Aquinas’, and Anselm’s arguments are basically rooted. For Augustine, Christianity, as presenting the full revelation of the true God, is the only full and true philosophy. However, we can love only that which we know. When comes this knowledge of God? It begins with faith and is made perfect by understanding. All knowledge leads to God, so that faith supplements and enlightens 13 reason that it may proceed to ever richer and fuller understanding. Indeed, without this enlightenment of faith, reason invariably sooner or later, goes astray. As a French poetry laments: Philosophie: I have everything. I have seen all. I knew all. I have heard all. I have it all. I had lost… I am a bit lost. It should be taken as a humble acceptance of the fact that human beings alone, without God, are bound to fail. As stated in John 5:5, I am the vine; you are the branches. If you remain in me and I in you, you will bear much fruit; apart from me, you can do nothing. Further to quote Psalms 4: The thoughts are very deep! The dull man cannot know. The stupid cannot understand this. For St. Thomas of Aquinas, a medieval philosopher, of all creatures, human beings have the unique power to change themselves and things for the better. His philosophy is best grasped in his treatises Summa Contra Gentiles and Summa Theologica. St. Thomas considers the human being as moral agent. We are both spiritual and body elements; the spiritual and material. The unity between both elements indeed helps us to understand our complexity as human beings. Our spirituality separates us from animals; it differentiates moral dimension of our fulfillment in action. Through our spirituality we have a conscience. Thus, whether we choose to be “good” or “evil” becomes our responsibility. St. Augustine and St. Thomas of Aquinas: Will and Love For St. Augustine, physically we are free yet, yet morally bound to obey the law. The Eternal Law is God Himself. According to this law, humanity must do well and avoid evil, hence the existence of moral obligation in every human being. Christian life is not easy. However, no human being should become an end to himself. We are responsible to our neighbor as we to your actions. The truth of St. Augustine’s message still rings true to this day. Despite Augustine’s period which was decadent, are our times any less corrupt? Innocence of heart and purity can only be gained by God’s grace. God alone can give that gift to some instantly or to others at the end of an entire life’s struggle. That gift, in itself, is a major triumph. Through prayer, modesty, fasting, and other sound measures that the Church recommends, or God provides, can purity of heart, mind, and body be maintained and daily lived (Johnston 2006). Definitely, to live a chaste life is difficult. All are called to be chaste whether married or single. For to be pure is also to be holy. Though all are called to different lifestyles, all are called to be holy, pure, and chaste within that lifestyle. Any lifestyle that does not include these virtues, even with consenting individuals, is not pleasing to God; for it does not lead to holiness, selflessness, and full honesty. For St. Augustine, though we are physically free, one does not have a right to do anything if it is not morally right or if one will hurt another. Rightness means pleasing God. God has given us a choice to discern between right and wrong though we are often ignorant in this manner unless we are wholly sincere, honest, and pure (Johnston 2006). Evaluate Own Limitations and Possibilities for their Transcendence 14  Many of us would experience any of the following; for emerging from deep within and felt sense of being in tune with the mystery of our own being, and with the mystery of life that transcends us. Let us consider the following examples (Edwards 1983). A. Forgiveness – When we forgive, we are freed from our anger and bitterness because of the actions and/or words of another. On the other hand, the hardness of our heart is reinforced by whole series of rational arguments. B. The Beauty of Nature – There is perfection in every single flower; this is what the three philosophies believed. For a hug, for every sunrise and sunset, to eat together as a family, are our miracles. These kind of experiences can be truly moments of grace. They touch us deeply and the human hearts is spontaneously lifted. During this experience, we need to offer praise. C. Vulnerability- To be vulnerable is to be human. To be invulnerable is somehow inhuman. Supermen or superheroes are hiding from their true humanity. The experience that we are contingent, that we are dependent for our existence on another is frightening. To work in the office or study in the school, without acknowledging the help of others, is to live without meaning and direction. We need to acknowledge the help of other people in our lives. Such moments of poverty and dependence on others are not a sign of weakness but being true with ourselves. D. Failure – Our failures force us to confront our weaknesses and limitations. When a relationship fails, when a student fails a subject, when our immediate desires are not met, we are confronted with the possibility of our plans, and yet, we are forced to surrender to a mystery or look upon a bigger world. Such acceptance of our failures makes us hope and trust that all can be brought into good. Even if we have sinned, as Augustine had, there is hope and forgiveness. E. Loneliness – Our loneliness can be rooted from our sense of vulnerability and fear of death. This experience is so common. However, it is our choice to live in an impossible world where we are always “happy” or to accept a life where solitude and companionship have a part. With our loneliness, we can realize that our dependence on other people or gadgets is a possessiveness that we can be free from. F. Love – To love is to experience richness, positivity, and transcendence. Whether in times of ecstatic moments, the love for a friend, between family members or a significant person, can open in us something in the other which takes us beyond ourselves. Life is full of risks, fears, and commitment, pain and sacrificing and giving up things we want for the sake of the one we love. In Buddhists view, the more we love, the more risks and fears there are in life (Aguilar 2010). 15  Explore Enrichment Activity 4- THE REVITALIZED ME Directions: Complete the chart by rewriting your present limitations with reference to your answers in the previous activities. Make an action plan towards transcendence. THE REVITALIZED ME MY LIMITATIONS PLAN TOWARDS TRANSCENDENCE Reflect on the following questions. Answer it on the blanks provided. 1. How do you show love toward others? Friends? Family? People in need? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 2. How do you view suffering (as a blessing or a curse)? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 3. How do you acknowledge the help of others? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 4. How can forgiveness free us from anger? 16  ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ Rubrics: 5 4 3 2 1 Content The The The The The responses responses responses responses responses are answer the answer part are off topic are thoughtful, prompt of the or incomplete. detailed, and accurately. question inaccurate. accurate. The answers accurately. The answers cite The answers lack examples to only include student's support the examples to thinking. student's support the thinking. student's thinking. Values/ Mission Mission Mission Mission Mission statement statement statement statement statement Principles identifies identifies two identifies does not not present. three or values or one value or identify any more values principles. principle. values or or principles. principles. Rationale for Rationale is Rationale is Rationale for Mission Mission values clear, logical clearly only one or statement statement and written. two values is does not not present. thoughtful. given or provide rational is rationale for unclear or any values illogical. identified. Writing Mission Mission Mission Mission Mission mechanics statement is statement statement statement statement generally free contains contains contains not present. of spelling spelling or grammar many and grammatical errors. Some grammar grammatical errors, but clarity errors that errors. clarity remains. make it remains. difficult to understand. 17  Deepen Enrichment Activity 5 A: Sports and Arts Design Direction: You are a choreographer and a costume designer. Your task is to create a dance which represents the flight of an eagle. You are also to create a costume from recycled materials. Your audience are grade school pupils. The challenge is for you to represent through a dance the concept of “Man as freedom” as likened to the flight of an eagle. Your dance must creatively express the philosophy of Sartre by illustrating the following. You can video this activity and submit to your teacher. a. Man is free b. Man is not his past c. Man recognizes that there is in him a lack and he is constantly a consciousness which is a presence to himself Enrichment Activity 5 B: Thank-you Card Making Show gratitude to the people who helped you in times when you needed it the most by creating thank-you cards. The cards should be made by hand: avoid printouts or ready -made. Give this card personally to the person you are showing your gratitude to. (Optional) 18 Rubrics: 5 4 3 2 1 Content The The The The The responses responses responses responses responses are answer the answer are off topic are thoughtful, prompt part of the or incomplete. detailed, accurately. question inaccurate. and The accurately. The accurate. answers cite The answers examples to answers lack support the only student's student's include thinking. thinking. examples to support the student's thinking. Values/ Mission Mission Mission Mission Mission statement statement statement statement statement Principles identifies identifies identifies does not not three or two values one value identify any present. more values or or values or or principles. principle. principles. principles. Rationale Rationale is Rationale is Rationale Mission Mission for values clear, logical clearly for only statement statement and written. one or two does not not thoughtful. values is provide present. given or rationale for rational is any values unclear or identified. illogical. Writing Mission Mission Mission Mission Mission mechanics statement is statement statement statement statement generally contains contains contains not free of spelling or grammar many present. spelling and grammatical errors. grammar grammatical errors, but Some errors that errors. clarity clarity make it remains. remains. difficult to understand. 19  Gauge Let’s find out how far you have understood your lesson. ASSESSMENT I. MULTIPLE CHOICE: Read and understand each question. Select and write the letter of your answer on the space provided before the number. _________ 1. He stated that freedom is not about wanting to do things but being- for –itself acting upon autonomous choices. A. Rene Descartes C. Sartre B. Socrates D. Thomas of Aquinas _________ 2. The following statement is what Sartre asserts except one; A. Bad faith is real as transcendence. B. Faith is to believe what you do not see; the reward of this faith is to see what you believe C. You may choose to see your perpetual freedom either as a limit or as a possibility D. You make your choice and you take responsibility for your choice. _________ 3. Essential Hinduism is based on the belief in karma, which is its first literary expression in Upanishads? A. Everything in this life is a consequence of actions performed in previous existence B. There is nothing mightier in the world than karma C. Karma tramples down all powers, as an elephant to a clamp of lotuses D. There is no distinction between God and human being __________ 4. Which is True among the following statement of St. Augustine? A. To live a chaste life is difficult. B. Only the single ones are called to be chaste. C. For to be pure is also to be unholy. D. We are not responsible to our neighbors as we to our actions. __________ 5. If we are freed from our bitterness and anger because of the actions/ words of another, we call this __. A. Failure B. Forgiveness C. Vulnerability D. Loneliness _________ 6. Three philosophers believed that there is perfection in every single flower, this refers to ____. A. Love C. Loneliness B. Forgiveness D. Beauty of Nature _________7. What state in which one is absolutely free from all forms of bondage and attachment according to Hinduism? A. Samsara B. Nirvana C. Moksha D. Heaven _________8. Who stated that “To one who has faith, no explanation is necessary. To one w/out faith, no explanation is possible”. A. Thomas of Aquinas C. St. Basil the Great B. St. Augustine of Hippo D. St. Ignatius of Loyola _________9. What does the Church recommend or God provides to each and every one so that purity of heart, mind and body be maintained and daily lived? 20  A. Prayer B. Modesty C. Fasting D. All of the above _________10. Experiencing richness, positivity and transcendence shows us the virtue of A. Love B. Forgiveness C. Vulnerability D. Beauty __________ 11. He stated that the body is not the essence of the soul; but the soul by nature of its essence can be united to the body, so that, properly speaking, not the soul alone, but the “composite,” is the species. A. Aristotle B. Descartes C. St. Thomas D. Socrates __________ 12. Of what book of Aristotle can we read that the soul is the source of these phenomena and is characterized by them, viz. by the power of self-nutrition, sensation, thinking and movement. A. Apology C. De Anima II B. Meditation VI D. Suma Theologica __________ 13. The following steps are the eightfold path of Buddhism except A. Right conduct B. Right means of livelihood B. Right Choice D. Right Mindfulness __________ 14. Which is True about St. Thomas’ teaching on human beings? A. Human being had the unique power to change themselves and things for the better. B. Human being as moral agent. C. Human being is both spiritual and body elements D. All of the above ___________ 15. For the Indians, God first created sound and the universe arose from it. A. False B. True C. Unsure D. None of the Above II. Essay: Answer briefly and substantially the following questions. Write your answers on the blanks provided. 1. According to St. Augustine, “Rightness means pleasing to God”, can you give examples of what he stated? Whether you are Catholic and non- Catholic, give examples of doing “right” actions. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ____________ 2. For St. Augustine he says, “We are free, yet morally bound to obey the law”. Do you agree with his statement? Why or Why not? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ____________ 21 Rubrics 1.Completeness (5 points) -Does your response directly Excellent (5) Very Good Good Need answer each part of the (3-4) (2) Improvement assignment question(s)? (0-1) 2. Knowledge (10 points) - Does your response clearly show you have read and understand the lesson Excellent Very good Good Need content by correctly (9-10) (8-7) (7-6) Improvement defining key terms, key (0-5) persons and summarizing concepts? -Have you made inferences based on this knowledge to personal or modern-day applications? 3. Analysis (5 points) -Have you clearly state analysis and give examples to back them Excellent Very Good Good Need up? (5) (3-4) (2) Improvement _ Does your response provide (0-1) analysis to the larger concepts of the lesson? 4.Writing Skills (5 points) _ Do you write clearly, in complete sentences, with Excellent Very Good Good Need minimal errors in grammar and (5) (4-3) (2) Improvement spelling? Did you use the APA (0-1) Method of Citation where needed? 22  23 Key Answers Multiple Choice 1. C 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. B 6. D 7. B 8. A 9. D 10. A 11. C 12. C 13. B 14. D 15. B References Books Ramos, Christine Carmela R. (2016). Introduction to the Philosophy, First Edition, Rex Bookstore, Manila Philippines Caraan, Aleli M. (2016). Introduction to Philosophy of the Human Person, Diwa Learning Systems INC. Makati City Philippines Websites: https://blogs.pschcentral.com/relationships/2012/08/the-timeline-of- your-life- story-probing-to create-shift-to-life-liberating-meanings-2-of-2/ https://www.google.com/search?q=Introduction+to+the+philosophy+of+the+human+ person+learning+activities&oq=Introduction+to+the+philosophy+of+the+human+perso n+learning+activities&aqs=chrome..69i57.20762j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8 24