ATP-ADP Cycle - GEN BIO 1 PDF
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This document covers the ATP-ADP cycle in biology, including its structure, importance, and diagram of the cycle. The objective of the lesson is for students to understand and explain the ATP-ADP cycle process.
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ATP-ADP GEN BIO 1 CYCLE OBJECTIVES By the end of the lesson, the students shall be able to: 1. know the ATP structure and function; 2. explain the importance of ATP-ADP cycle; and 3. show the process of...
ATP-ADP GEN BIO 1 CYCLE OBJECTIVES By the end of the lesson, the students shall be able to: 1. know the ATP structure and function; 2. explain the importance of ATP-ADP cycle; and 3. show the process of ATP-ADP cycle through a diagram. Every task performed by organisms requires energy. On a cellular level: transport catabolism anabolism Key Questions 1. Where, and in what form, does this energy come from? 2. How do cells obtain energy, and how do they use it? U C T U R E A ND ATP S T R FU N C T I O N e T r i p h o s p h a t e Ade n o si n i s c om p r i s e d o f (ATP) 3 s i n e b o u n d t o Adeno p h a t e g r o u p s. phos U C T U R E AND ATP S T R FUN C T I O N Adenosine is composed of an adenine molecule bonded to a ribose molecule U C T U R E AND ATP S T R FUN C T I O N Adenine is one of the nitrogenous bases in DNA U C T U R E AND ATP S T R FUN C T I O N Ribose is a 5-carbon sugar U C T U R E AND ATP S T R FUN C T I O N Phosphate groups: A Phosphate group is composed of phosphorus atom bound to 4 Oxygen atoms. U C T U R E AND ATP S T R FUN C T I O N The three phosphate groups are labeled alpha, beta, and gamma in order γ β α of closest to furthest from the ribose sugar. U C T U R E AND ATP S T R FUN C T I O N Adenosine Monophosphate Adenosine Diphosphate O A N H YD RI D E PHO S P H B O N D S The bonds that link the phosphates are equally α γ β high-energy bonds. O A N H Y D RI D E PHO SPH BONDS When broken, it releases sufficient energy to power a γ variety of cellular reactions γ β α and processes. Energy from A TP Hydrolysis: The process of brea king macromolecules apart using water Energy from A TP during hydrolys is, water is split into H+ an d OH- and these compone nts wil l attach to separate mo lecules which wil l break the m acromolecule apart Energy from A TP WATER ATP HYDROLYSIS Pi Hydrolysis of A TP produces ADP, together Energyinorga w it h an nic phosphate i on (Pi), and the releas e of free energy. ADP Energy from A TP WATER ATP The hydrolysis HYDROLYSIS DEHYDRATION Pi of ATP SYNTHESIS to ADP is reve rsible. Energy ATP is regener ated through Dehydr ation Synthesis. ADP Energy from A TP WATER ATP HYDROLYSIS DEHYDRATION Pi SYNTHESIS Dehydration Sy nthesis - to put toget Energy her while losing water - AKA Conden sation ADP Energy from A TP WATER WATER ATP HYDROLYSIS ATP regenerat DEHYDRATION Pi SYNTHESIS ion requires ADP + input Energy of free energy Pi + Pi and releases w ater. Energy ADP Energy from A TP WATER WATER ATP HYDROLYSIS The free energ DEHYDRATION Pi SYNTHESIS y infused in the system to Energy r eg enerate ATP comes fro Pi m the metabolism of g lucose. Energy ADP ATP-ADP CYC L E☺ WATER WATER ATP To carry out li fe processes, A TP HYDROLYSIS is continuously DEHYDRATION Pi broken down in SYNTHESIS ADP, and like a to rechargeable battery, ADP i Energy s continuously regenerated int Pi o ATP by the reattachment o f the third phosphate grou p. Energy ADP How ATP performs work The energy released during ATP hydrolysis is used by proteins to perform chemical, transport, and mechanical work. CHEMICAL WORK – synthesis of polymers from monomers TRANSPORT WORK – active transport across membranes MECHANICAL WORK – beating of cilia, contraction of muscles How ATP performs work In the hydrolysis of ATP, the ATP is allowed to transfer its 3rd phosphate, with its energy, to another substance in a process called phosphorylation. How ATP performs work Phosphorylation is the process of the attachment of a phosphate group to a substance. Are there any questions?